sexy vs. hot / beautiful vs. handsome vs. the others
Дата публикации: Mar 19, 2015 9:40:2 AM
sexy vs. hot
http://inriddles.ru/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=linguistics:blog:2013-06-06-184759
Сравните объемы лексического значения слов sexy и hot, чтобы ответить на вопрос, почему hot - это эвфемизм sexy.
форма
содержание
connected with sex
connected with new, exciting
+
see Ar.2 Adjectives (direct vs. indirect meanings)
see electric vs. electrical (-al suffix)
+
sexy (семантика, комплементарность, тетрада)
канал в тетраде обычно настроен таким образом, чтобы ложные фигуры закрывали/искажали (если совсем скрыть не получается)/подменяли собой истинные фигуры (те, которые запрещаются культурным кодом /жмодусом, чтобы их свободно видели-осознавали) = комплементарность
вот например одна из сем секси - “молодость” как в канале представлена ложной фигурой которая прячет (запрещает видеть) истинную?
dimension point в тетрадах = диффузия ответственности, которая есть актуализация БГП, т.е. логика такая: а чего бы не любить-то молодых, сильных и красивых (автоматом заточенных под размножение см. sexus-контекст №1) на это же совершенно не нужно: работы ума, сложных эмоций, поступков, личностного роста, внутренней свободы, системы ценностей (= это самое совершенно не нужно, кстати, и есть пошлость/примитивизм и система распознавания “свой-чужой”) → это и выложено в канал на самых верх на всеобщее обозрение и актуализацию БГП, ибо чтобы плодился хьманресор и размножался, а хьманресорманагеры решали демографическую часть своей триады: экономика-демография-безопасность (= для манагеров удержать власть).
beautiful vs. handsome
handsome adjective BrE /ˈhænsəm/ ; NAmE /ˈhænsəm/ (handsomer, handsomest) more handsome and most handsome are more common
1. (of men) attractive
synonym good-looking
a handsome face
He's the most handsome man I've ever met.
He was aptly described as ‘tall, dark, and handsome’.
2. (of women) attractive, with large strong features rather than small delicate ones
a tall, handsome woman
The bride and groom made a handsome couple.
3. beautiful to look at
a handsome horse/house/city
The two of them made a handsome couple.
4. large in amount or quantity
a handsome profit
He was elected by a handsome majority (= a lot of people voted for him).
a handsome cheque
5. generous
She paid him a handsome compliment.
It was very handsome of him to pay for the meal.
ex.
a tall, dark, handsome stranger
his ruggedly handsome features
He had an interesting and rather handsome face.
He was elected by a handsome majority (= a lot of people voted for him).
He’s the most handsome man I’ve ever met.
I enjoyed the job, and was paid a handsome salary too.
She was a tall, handsome woman.
They sold the house two years later at a handsome profit.
beautiful adjective BrE /ˈbjuːtɪfl/ ; NAmE /ˈbjuːtɪfl/
1. having beauty; pleasing to the senses or to the mind
a beautiful woman/face/baby/voice/poem/smell/evening
beautiful countryside/weather/music
She looked stunningly beautiful that night.
What a beautiful thing to say!
2. very good or skilful
What beautiful timing!
ex.
‘They’re just beautiful,’ breathed Jo, when she saw the earrings.
He found her exquisitely beautiful.
Her features were classically beautiful, with perfectly structured high cheekbones.
I remember her as pretty, almost beautiful.
She didn’t need make-up. She was naturally beautiful.
She was never considered beautiful at school.
The designs were pure, austere and coldly beautiful.
We did all we could to make the room beautiful.
a hauntingly beautiful melody
She had a classically beautiful face.
We sat and listened to the beautiful music.
What a beautiful baby!
http://e-repa.ru/dw/doku.php?id=lexic:blog:2013-08-12-110916
1. В чем смысловая разница (= диф. сема) между beautiful = красивый и handsome = красивый?
2. Почему бытует наивное мнение, что beautiful - это красота “женского” типа, а handsome - мужского? Насколько в этом наивном суждении здравого смысла?
Переведите на русский язык.
1. He brought his daughter a handsome present from town.
Он привез дочери из города изящный/элегантный подарок.
2. She isn't handsome, but she thinks herself so.
Она считает себя интересной, но она не такая.
3. It is very handsome of you.
Это очень благородно с вашей стороны
4. There were some beautiful flowers at the flower-show.
На выставке были и прекрасные (приятные глазу) цветы
5. He has a beautiful small hand. У него прекрасный мелкий почерк.
He has a beautiful small hand - метонимия - сближение по смежности: рука - ручка - чернила на бумаге - почерк = вырезаются/опускаются (как самоочевидные) ручка - чернила на бумаге и происходит сближение/стяжение рука - почерк, аналогично: девочка - ест - суп - в тарелке = девочка ест тарелку
6. She grows handsome flowers.
Она выращивает изящные цветы
Элегантность (от фр. élégant, «изысканный, грациозный, утончённый, изящный») — этико-эстетическая категория, выражающая цивилизованную красоту с консервативным отсылом к классике XVIII—XIX века. Характеризуется благородной простотой, спокойствием, расслабленностью, строгостью и плавностью. Ассоциируется с роялем, костюмом, вечерним платьем, женскими шляпками. Антитеза экстравагантности.
ср.
handsome - щедрый, благородный
vs.
extravagant adjective BrE /ɪkˈstrævəɡənt/ ; NAmE /ɪkˈstrævəɡənt/
1. spending a lot more money or using a lot more of something than you can afford or than is necessary
I felt very extravagant spending £100 on a dress.
She's got very extravagant tastes.
Residents were warned not to be extravagant with water, in view of the low rainfall this year.
2. costing a lot more money than you can afford or is necessary
an extravagant present
3. (of ideas, speech or behaviour) very extreme or impressive but not reasonable or practical
synonym exaggerated
the extravagant claims/promises of politicians
I was embarrassed by all the extravagant praise I was getting.
He had the extravagant gestures and loud voice of an actor.
Etymology
beautiful (adj.)
mid-15c., "pleasing to the eye," from beauty + -ful. The beautiful people "the fashionable set" first attested 1964 in (where else?) "Vogue" (it also was the title of a 1941 play by U.S. dramatist William Saroyan). House Beautiful is from "Pilgrim's Progress," where it is a proper name of a place. Related: Beautifully.
handsome (adj.)
c. 1400, handsom "easy to handle, ready at hand," from hand (n.) + -some (1). Sense extended to "fit, appropriate" (1550s, implied in handsomely), then "having fine form, good-looking, agreeable to the eye" (1580s). Meaning "generous, on a liberal scale" (of rewards, etc.) first recorded 1680s.
[Americans] use the word "handsome" much more extensively than we do:
saying that Webster made a handsome speech in the Senate:
that a lady talks handsomely, (eloquently: красноречиво; ярко, выразительно)
that a book sells handsomely.
A gentleman asked me on the Catskill Mountain, whether I thought the sun handsomer there than at New York. [Harriet Martineau, "Society in America," 1837]
Related: Handsomeness. For sense development, compare pretty (adj.). Similar formation in Dutch handzaam "tractable, serviceable."
pretty (adj.)
Old English prættig (West Saxon), pretti (Kentish), *prettig (Mercian) "cunning, skillful, artful, wily, astute," from prætt, *prett "a trick, wile, craft," from Proto-Germanic *pratt- (cognates: Old Norse prettr "a trick," prettugr "tricky;" Frisian pret, Middle Dutch perte, Dutch pret "trick, joke," Dutch prettig "sportive, funny," Flemish pertig "brisk, clever"), of unknown origin.
Connection between Old English and Middle English words is uncertain, but if they are the same, meaning had shifted by c. 1400 to "manly, gallant," and later moved via "attractive, skillfully made," to "fine," to "beautiful in a slight way" (mid-15c.). Ironical use from 1530s. For sense evolution, compare nice, silly. Also used of bees (c. 1400). "After the OE. period the word is unknown till the 15th c., when it becomes all at once frequent in various senses, none identical with the OE., though derivable from it" [OED].
Meaning "not a few, considerable" is from late 15c. With a sense of "moderately," qualifying adjectives and adverbs, since 1560s. Pretty please as an emphatic plea is attested from 1902. A pretty penny "lot of money" is first recorded 1768.
sexy (adj.)
1905, from sex (n.) + -y (2). Originally "engrossed in sex;" sense of "sexually attractive" is 1923, first in reference to Valentino. An earlier word in this sense was sexful (1898). Related: Sexier; sexiest.
hot (adj.)
Old English hat "hot, flaming, opposite of cold," used of the sun or air, of fire, of objects made hot; also "fervent, fierce, intense, excited," from Proto-Germanic *haita- (cognates: Old Saxon and Old Frisian het, Old Norse heitr, Middle Dutch and Dutch heet, German heiß "hot," Gothic heito "heat of a fever"), from PIE root *kai- "heat" (cognates: Lithuanian kaistu "to grow hot").
Related to heat (n.). With a long vowel in Middle English (rhyming with boat, wrote) which shortened in modern English, perhaps from influence of comparative hotter. As an adverb, Old English hote.
Hot as "full of sexual desire, lustful" is from c. 1500; the sense of "inciting desire" is 18c. Taste sense of "pungent, acrid, biting" is from 1540s. Sense of "exciting, remarkable, very good" is 1895; that of "stolen" is first recorded 1925 (originally with overtones of "easily identified and difficult to dispose of"); that of "radioactive" is from 1942. Of jazz music or combos from 1924.
Hot flashes in the menopausal sense attested from 1887. Hot stuff for anything good or excellent is by 1889, American English. Hot seat is from 1933. Hot potato in figurative sense is from 1846 (from being baked in the fire coals and pulled out hot). Hot cake is from 1680s; to sell like hot cakes is from 1839.
The hot and cold in hide-and-seek or guessing games (19c.) are from hunting (1640s), with notion of tracking a scent. Hot and bothered is by 1921. Hot under the collar in the figurative sense is from 1895.
MW
beautiful (1), lovely, handsome, pretty, comely, fair mean exciting sensuous or aesthetic pleasure.
beautiful applies to whatever excites the keenest of pleasure to the senses and stirs emotion through the senses <beautiful mountain scenery>.
lovely is close to beautiful but applies to a narrower range of emotional excitation in suggesting the graceful, delicate, or exquisite <a lovely melody>.
handsome suggests aesthetic pleasure due to proportion, symmetry, or elegance <a handsome Georgian mansion>.
pretty often applies to superficial or insubstantial attractiveness <a painter of conventionally pretty scenes>.
comely is like handsome in suggesting what is coolly approved rather than emotionally responded to <the comely grace of a dancer>.
fair suggests beauty because of purity, flawlessness, or freshness <fair of face>.
beautiful(2), pretty, and handsome mean pleasing or delightful in some way.
beautiful is used of whatever is most pleasing to the senses or the mind. <We saw a beautiful sunset.> <It was a beautiful story about faith.>
pretty is usually used of something that is small or dainty. <She held a pretty little doll.>
handsome is used of something that is well formed and therefore pleasing to look at. <The mayor sat at a handsome desk.>
OLD
beautiful pretty handsome attractive lovely good-looking gorgeous
These words all describe people who are pleasant to look at.
beautiful (especially of a woman or girl) very pleasant to look at:
She looked stunningly beautiful that night.
pretty (especially of a girl or woman) pleasant to look at:
She’s got a very pretty face.
Pretty is used most often to talk about girls. When it is used to talk about a woman, it usually suggests that she is like a girl, with small, delicate features.
handsome (of a man) pleasant to look at; (of a woman) pleasant to look at, with large strong features rather than small delicate ones:
He was described as ‘tall, dark and handsome’.
attractive (of a person) pleasant to look at, especially in a sexual way:
She’s a very attractive woman.
lovely (of a person) beautiful; very attractive:
She looked particularly lovely that night.
When you describe somebody as lovely, you are usually showing that you also have a strong feeling of affection for them.
good-looking (of a person) pleasant to look at, often in a sexual way:
She arrived with a very good-looking man.
gorgeous (informal) (of a person) extremely attractive, especially in a sexual way:
You look gorgeous!
attractive or good-looking?
If you describe somebody as attractive you often also mean that they have a pleasant personality as well as being pleasant to look at; good-looking just describes somebody’s physical appearance.
Patterns
a(n) beautiful/pretty/handsome/attractive/lovely/good-looking/gorgeous girl/woman
a(n) beautiful/handsome/attractive/good-looking/gorgeous boy/man
a(n) beautiful/pretty/handsome/attractive/lovely/good-looking face
Longman
beautiful, pretty, handsome, good-looking, attractive, gorgeous, stunning
beautiful is used to describe someone, usually a woman or child, who is attractive in a very special and noticeable way.
pretty is usually used to describe a girl or woman who is good-looking, with regular features. It can also be used to describe a boy or young man who has an attractive but feminine face.
handsome is usually used to describe a man or boy who is good-looking, with strong regular features. It can also be used to describe a woman, usually an older woman, who has attractive but masculine features.
good-looking can be used to describe anyone who you think is nice to look at.
attractive is used to describe someone who looks good in a way that attracts sexual interest
I can see he's handsome, but I don't find him very attractive.
gorgeous and stunning are emphatic ways of saying that someone is very attractive. Gorgeous is used mostly in spoken English.
Max
attractive used for describing men and women whose looks make other people sexually interested in them
good-looking used for describing adults and older children who are nice to look at. In spoken English, good-looking is more usual than handsome for describing men.
handsome used for describing men who are nice to look at
pretty used for describing young women and girls who have nice faces
gorgeous used for emphasizing that someone looks very beautiful, especially when their clothes and hair are also very special: You look absolutely gorgeous in that dress.
striking used for describing someone who looks interesting or unusual in an attractive way: a tall striking woman
cute used for describing children who are nice to look at and behave in a way that makes people like them. It is also used for describing a man or woman that you find sexually attractive:
Johnny was the cutest toddler I ever saw.
There’s this really cute guy in my office.