recommend vs. advise vs. advocate vs. urge
Дата публикации: Mar 04, 2016 7:43:59 PM
recommend verb BrE /ˌrekəˈmend/ ; NAmE /ˌrekəˈmend/
1. to tell somebody that something is good or useful, or that somebody would be suitable for a particular job, etc.
recommend somebody/something Can you recommend a good hotel?
recommend somebody/something (to somebody) (for/as something) I recommend the book to all my students.
She was recommended for the post by a colleague.
The hotel's new restaurant comes highly recommended (= a lot of people have praised it).
2. to advise a particular course of action; to advise somebody to do something
recommend something The report recommended a 10% pay increase.
It is dangerous to exceed the recommended dose.
a recommended price of $50
recommend (that)… I recommend (that) he see a lawyer.
(British English also) I recommend (that) he should see a lawyer.
it is recommended that… It is strongly recommended that the machines should be checked every year.
recommend somebody to do something We'd recommend you to book your flight early.
recommend (somebody) doing something He recommended reading the book before seeing the movie.
recommend how, what, etc… Can you recommend how much we should charge?
3. recommend somebody/something (to somebody) to make somebody/something seem attractive or good
synonym commend
This system has much to recommend it.
advise verb BrE /ədˈvaɪz/ ; NAmE /ədˈvaɪz/ (advice noun BrE /ədˈvaɪs/ ; NAmE /ədˈvaɪs/)
1. [intransitive, transitive] to tell somebody what you think they should do in a particular situation
advise (somebody) against something/against doing something I would strongly advise against going out on your own.
advise somebody Her mother was away and couldn't advise her.
advise something I'd advise extreme caution.
+ speech ‘Get there early,’ she advised (them).
advise somebody to do something Police are advising people to stay at home.
I'd advise you not to tell him.
advise that… They advise that a passport be carried with you at all times.
(British English also) They advise that a passport should be carried with you at all times.
it is advised that… It is strongly advised that you take out insurance.
advise doing something I'd advise buying your tickets well in advance if you want to travel in August.
see also ill-advised, well advised
2. [intransitive, transitive] to give somebody help and information on a subject that you know a lot about
advise (somebody) on/about something/about doing something We employ an expert to advise on new technology.
She advises the government on environmental issues.
advise (somebody) what, which, whether, etc… The pharmacist will advise which medicines are safe to take.
Your lawyer can advise you whether to take any action.
3. [transitive] (formal) to officially tell somebody something
synonym inform
advise somebody of something Please advise us of any change of address.
advise somebody when, where, how, etc… I will contact you later to advise you when to come.
advise somebody that… I regret to advise you that the course is now full.
urge verb BrE /ɜːdʒ/ ; NAmE /ɜːrdʒ/
1. to advise or try hard to persuade somebody to do something
urge somebody to do something She urged him to stay.
Police are urging anyone who saw the accident to contact them immediately.
urge that… The report urged that all children be taught to swim.
urge (somebody) + speech ‘Why not give it a try?’ she urged (him).
2. urge something (on/upon somebody) to recommend something strongly
The situation is dangerous and the UN is urging caution.
3. urge somebody/something + adv./prep. (formal) to make a person or an animal move more quickly and/or in a particular direction, especially by pushing or forcing them
He urged his horse forward.
advocate verb BrE /ˈædvəkeɪt/ ; NAmE /ˈædvəkeɪt/
(formal) to support something publicly
advocate something The group does not advocate the use of violence.
Heart specialists strongly advocate low-cholesterol diets.
These policies have been widely advocated.
advocate (somebody) doing something Many experts advocate rewarding your child for good behaviour.
advocate that… The report advocated that all buildings be fitted with smoke detectors.
(British English also) The report advocated that all buildings should be fitted with smoke detectors.
These words all mean to tell somebody what you think they should do in a particular situation.
recommend to tell somebody what you think they should do in a particular situation; to say what you think the price or level of something should be:
We’d recommend you to book your flight early.
a recommended price of $50
advise to tell somebody what you think they should do in a particular situation:
I’d advise you not to tell him.
recommend or advise?
Advise is a stronger word than recommend and is often used when the person giving the advice is in a position of authority:
Police are advising fans without tickets to stay away.
*Police are recommending fans without tickets to stay away.
I advise you… - can suggest that you know better than the person you are advising: this may cause offence if they are your equal or senior to you.
I recommend… - mainly suggests that you are trying to be helpful and is less likely to cause offence.
Recommend is often used with more positive advice to tell somebody about possible benefits and advise with more negative advice to warn somebody about possible dangers:
*He advised reading the book before seeing the movie.
*I would recommend against going out on your own.
advocate (formal) to support or recommend something publicly:
The group does not advocate the use of violence.
urge (formal) to recommend something strongly:
The situation is dangerous and the UN is urging caution.
Patterns
to recommend/advise/advocate/urge that…
It is recommended/advised/advocated/urged that…
to recommend/advise/urge somebody to do something
to recommend/advise/advocate doing something
to strongly recommend/advise/advocate somebody/something
to advise = from high position (хищник) to low
to recommend = from low (жертва) to high or between equal in a polite way
to advocate = s-ego level (sharing opinion)
to urge = s-ego level (personal pointed )
+ infinitive
+ gerund