like vs. as
Дата публикации: Apr 02, 2016 6:51:24 PM
see GIR. U1. Live with Lightning
... listening to me go on like an idiot...
like smb, smth - in the same or a similar way as, in the manner of - как, подобным образом
If everyone worked like him, we could finish in a week. Если бы все работали, как он, мы бы смогли кончить через неделю.
They are behaving like children. She refused to be treated like an invalid. Они ведут себя, как дети. Она возражала против того, чтобы с ней обращались как с больной.
as smb, smth - in the capacity or character of - как, в качестве
He introduced her as his sister. Он представил ее как свою сестру.
As is generally used after the verbs to regard, to view, to represent, to treat (считать, рассматривать) and other verbs similar in meaning.
Most people regarded him as a clever man. Многие считали его умным.
All my life you've treated me as a child (as a stranger, etc). You can't treat that as a joke. Всю мою жизнь вы относились ко мне, как к ребенку. Это нельзя считать шуткой.
Note: The verb to consider is not used with as.
Most people considered him a brilliant physicist. Многие считали его гениальным физиком.
Thus, the essential difference between like and as (in the meaning of как) is that like implies the manner or way of acting (behaving) in a particular case, whereas as stresses the general attitude of a person to something or someone.
like (как)
the manner or way of acting (behaving) in a particular case
as (как)
stresses the general attitude of a person to something or someone
like preposition BrE /laɪk/ ; NAmE /laɪk/
1. similar to somebody/something
She's wearing a dress like mine.
He's very like his father.
She looks nothing like (= not at all like) her mother.
That sounds like (= I think I can hear) him coming now.
2. used to ask somebody’s opinion of somebody/something
What's it like studying in Spain?
This new girlfriend of his—what's she like?
3. used to show what is usual or typical for somebody
It's just like her to tell everyone about it.
4. in the same way as somebody/something
Students were angry at being treated like children.
He ran like the wind (= very fast).
You do it like this.
I, like everyone else, had read these stories in the press.
Don't look at me like that.
(informal) The candles are arranged like so (= in this way).
5. for example
anti-utopian novels like ‘Animal Farm’ and ‘1984’
as preposition
BrE /əz/ ; NAmE /əz/ ; BrE strong form /æz/ ; NAmE strong form /æz/
Add to my wordlist
used to describe somebody/something appearing to be somebody/something else
They were all dressed as clowns.
The bomb was disguised as a package.
used to describe the fact that somebody/something has a particular job or function
She works as a courier.
Treat me as a friend.
I respect him as a doctor.
You can use that glass as a vase.
The news came as a shock.
She had been there often as a child (= when she was a child).
You can use both as and like to say that things are similar.
Like is a preposition and is used before nouns and pronouns:
He has blue eyes like me.
As is a conjunction and an adverb and is used before a clause, another adverb or a clause beginning with a preposition:
She enjoys all kinds of music, as I do.
Repeat these five steps, as in the last exercise.
In informal English like is frequently used as a conjunction or an adverb instead of as:
Nobody understands him like I do.
I don’t want to upset him again like before.
It is also used instead of as if:
It looks like we’re going to be late.
These uses of like are common but are not considered correct in formal written English.
You will find more help on the use of as and like in the entries for particular verbs, such as act, behave, etc.
Вопрос: Какая смысловая разница между:
1. She looks like the type of girl who could be a pop star.
2. She looks as cute as a Barbie doll.
3. She looks as if she hasn't had a good night's sleeps for weeks.
4. She looks as though she hasn't had a good night's sleeps for weeks.
5. She looks as if she hadn't a good night's sleeps for weeks.
6. She looks as if she were ill.
7. She looks as if she was ill.
?
1. She looks like the type of girl who could be a pop star. Она выглядит как девушка, способная стать поп-звездой
2. She looks as cute as a Barbie doll. Она так же прелестна, как Барби
3. She looks as if she hasn't had a good night's sleeps for weeks. Она (выглядит) как будто уже давно не высыпается.
4. She looks as though she hasn't had a good night's sleeps for weeks. Она (выглядит) словно уже давно не высыпается.
5. She looks as if she hadn't a good night's sleeps for weeks. ??Br?? Она (выглядит) как будто давно не высыпалась.
6. She looks as if she were ill. Она выглядит так, как если бы она болела. Subj.mood - в реальности не болеет
7. She looks as if she was ill. Она выглядит так, как если она болеет. Реально болеет
As Carson's career as a scientific writer progressed, she became interested in the effects of artificial chemicals on the natural environment.
Вопрос:
В каком случае: as - это союз в придаточном предложении времени = когда; в то время как, по мере того как;
а в каком случае as - это союз, который вводит предикатив (= именная часть составного сказуемого) = как, в качестве
? =
As if and as though are conjunctions.
We use as if and as though to make comparisons. They have a similar meaning. We use as if and as though to talk about an imaginary situation or a situation that may not be true but that is likely or possible. As if is more common than although:
The floods were rising and it was as if it was the end of the world.
It looks as if they’ve had a shock.
It looks as though you’ve not met before.
We can use both as if and as though followed by a non-finite clause or a prepositional phrase:
She moved her lips as if to smile.
They were shouting as though in panic.
As if and as though commonly follow the verbs feel and look:
She felt as if all her worries had gone.
They felt as though they had been given the wrong information.
I’ve got so much work it looks as if I’ll have to stay at home this evening.
In informal English, like can be used in a similar way to as if, though it is not always considered correct in formal contexts:
It felt like it could snow at any minute.
Like vs. As. English Grammar Rules
We generally use LIKE and AS to make comparisons.
LIKE: The structure of the sentence is usually: VERB + LIKE + NOUN / PRONOUN.
He speaks like a native speaker.
She looks like a supermodel.
AS: The structure of the sentence is usually: AS + SUBJECT + VERB.
Nobody sings as she does.
They went to the party as they were.
It is very common in American English to use LIKE instead of AS. However, it is generally considered informal to use it in this way.
We play football like champions do.
Another use of AS is to say what the role/function of a person/thing is.
He started work as a carpenter.
She used the tapestry as a decoration in her living room.
LIKE vs. AS: Be careful, in similar sentences that use LIKE and AS, the meanings of each sentence are very different. For example:
As your boss, I must warn you to be careful. (I am your boss.)
Like your boss, I must warn you to be careful. (I am not your boss, but he/she and I have similar attitudes.)
AS IF: In English we also use as if to make comparisons. However it has a few distinct characteristics to its use:
1. The verb after AS IF is always in the past subjunctive, no matter what tense the sentence is.
2. If the verb BE directly follows AS IF, we use were for all personal pronouns.
He looks as if he knew the answer. (The verbs LOOKS indicates this sentence is in the present – but the verb after AS IF – knew - is in the past subjuntive).
She walks as if she were a supermodel. (The verb after AS IF – be – has been changed to were and not was).
He boarded the airplane as if he were a seasoned traveller.
He spends money as if he owned a bank.
This is another instance where a simple rule will help you to make sense of something that many people still get wrong.
Like is a preposition (don't panic), which means that it can come before a noun but it should not come before a whole clause containing a verb.
As is a conjunction, and can be used before a clause containing a verb.
As I told you, the car was parked behind a tree.
We could take a trip to the coast, just like old times.
As we thought, the weather was awful.
In formal academic text, you should avoid using 'like' in a sentence like this one.
It looks like it is going to rain.
The hero feels like he is the most powerful man on earth.
He looks like he has had a rough night.
It is better to substitute 'like' with 'as if'
It looks as if it is going to rain.
The hero feels as if he is the most powerful man on earth.
He looks as if he has had a rough night.
When listing things that are similar it is better to avoid 'like' and use 'such as', as in these examples.
The hero has many engaging qualities like courage, kindness and compassion.
The hero has many engaging qualities such as courage, kindness and compassion.
I have visited many tropical countries like India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Malaysia and Brunei.
I have visited many tropical countries such as India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Malaysia and Brunei.
In this country we eat a lot of junk food like chips, hamburgers and other rubbish.
In this country we eat a lot of junk food such as chips, hamburgers and other rubbish.
As and like are prepositions or conjunctions. The prepositions as and like have different meanings. As + noun means ‘in the role of’, like + noun means ‘similar to’ or ‘in the same way as’.
Compare
As your father, I’ll help you as much as I can. (The speaker is the listener’s father.)
Like your father, I’ll help you as much as I can. (The speaker is not the father but wishes to act in a similar way to the father.)
We use like (but not as) to compare two things:
She’s got a headache like me.
Not: She’s got a headache as me.
Like the other students, he finds it a bit difficult to get to lectures early in the morning.
Not: As the other students, he finds it …
When we compare appearance or behaviour, we use like, not as:
That house looks like a castle.
Not: That house looks as a castle.
As is commonly used to talk about jobs:
He worked for a long time as a teacher in Africa.
Not: … like a teacher in Africa.
The conjunctions as and like have the same meaning when used in comparisons. Like is a little more informal.
Nobody understands him as I do.
Nobody understands him like I do.
It looked very much like a prison.
"It seemed to me," said Jerry, "that the visitor was a tree or very like a tree.
– Мне показалось, что пришелец – вроде как бы дерево или что-то напоминающее дерево.
The Visitors by Simak, Clifford D.
It had a funny face but it was very like a man with a beard.
Лицо вышло очень смешное, но все-таки похоже на человека с бородой.
A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man by Joyce, James
"It's very like you."
— Оно похоже на тебя.
Across The River And Into The Trees by Hemingway, Ernest