Let's get the party started
Дата публикации: May 18, 2020 5:20:58 PM
В книге Unusual words and how they came about by Edwin Radford столкнулся со следующей совершенно непонятной на первый взгляд фразой:
Adieu - used as “good-bye” to the party left, as “farewell” is to the party going. Кто на чем сидит и что делает? Что за party left и party going?
Ларчик открывался просто (объяснение от Native speaker):
"Party going" is the person, or persons leaving; I think that it should be "fare well" which means "be safe" - old English was "fare thee well".
Что мешало самому понять это?
1. Надо было выяснить все значения слова party
2. Надо было вспомнить, что кроме атрибутивного и предикативного применения прилагательных в английском бывает постпозитивное.
1.
party noun Br /ˈpɑːti/ NAm /ˈpɑːrti/ (plural parties)
a) [countable] (especially in compounds) - a social occasion, often in a person’s home, at which people eat, drink, talk, dance and enjoy themselves
a dinner/tea/cocktail party
at a party I was at a birthday party for my friend's five-year-old daughter.
to have/throw/give a party
to hold/host a party
Did you go to the party?
party games
By now the party was in full swing.
The main task faced by the host at a party is making people comfortable.
I was at a party in London that night.
b) (also Party) [countable + singular or plural verb] a political organization that you can vote for in elections and whose members have the same aims and ideas
Do you belong to a political party?
the ruling/opposition party
the Democratic/Republican/Conservative/Labour Party
the party leader/conference
a party member/activist/official
From 1991 new political parties emerged to challenge the governing party.
Three of Australia's four main political parties supported the change.
It is unlikely that either of the two main parties will get enough votes to govern alone.
c) [countable + singular or plural verb] a group of people who are doing something together such as travelling or visiting somewhere
The school is taking a party of 40 children to France.
The theatre gives a 10 per cent discount to parties of more than ten.
a rescue/wedding/hunting party
The table was taken by a party of six.
The total bill for our party of five was almost £300.
A small party of four soldiers came into view.
She arrived with a party of helpers.
The ship hosted a number of visits, including parties of local schoolchildren.
In 1863 Mr. Thomas Cook led his first party of tourists to Switzerland.
A small party set out from the fort.
Some of the party wanted to turn back.
One of the men in our party volunteered to go for help.
d) [countable] (formal) one of the people or groups of people involved in a legal agreement or argument
the guilty/innocent party
The contract can be terminated by either party with three months' notice.
The judge’s decision satisfied most of the parties concerned.
First we must notify all the interested parties.
This agreement shall be binding upon both parties.
Word Origin
Middle English (denoting a body of people united in opposition to others, also in sense (1)): from Old French partie, based on Latin partiri ‘divide into parts’. Sense (2) dates from the early 18th cent.
2.
Adjectives are determiners that can be placed in two different positions within a sentence to modify or describe a person or a thing.
They can be attributive or predicative, depending on their position. We use adjectives in two positions to modify or describe a person or a thing:
Attributive adjectives come before the noun;
Predicative adjectives come after the verb.
NOTE: In Literary language it’s possible to find adjectives after nouns. <- это постпозитивные прилагательные.
Ex.
Attributive adjectives
I saw a black cat on my name day.
I watched a sad movie the day before yesterday.
I bought a large suitcase for my trip.
Predicative adjectives
The cat I saw on my nameday was black.
This movie I watched the day before yesterday was sad.
The suitcase I bought for my trip is large.
про атрибутивные группы:
Собачье сердце, Бриллиантовая рука и др.
L.A.Hill 2. U1. Determiners & pronouns. My vs. of mine. Маркеры коннотации.
A postpositive adjective or postnominal adjective is an adjective that is placed after the noun or pronoun that it modifies, as in noun phrases such as attorney general, queen regnant, or all matters financial. This contrasts with prepositive adjectives, which come before the noun or pronoun, as in noun phrases such as red rose, lucky contestant, and busy bees.
In some languages the postpositive placement of adjectives is the normal syntax (as is true in Spanish, for example), but in English it is less usual, largely confined to archaic and poetic uses (as in They heard monsters unseen, as opposed to They heard unseen monsters), phrases borrowed from Romance languages or Latin (such as heir apparent, aqua regia), and certain fixed grammatical constructions (as in Those anxious to leave soon exited).[1]
In syntax, postpositive position is independent of predicative position; a postpositive adjective can occur in either the subject or the predicate of a clause, and any adjective may be a predicate adjective if it follows a linking verb. For example, monsters unseen were said to lurk beyond the moor (subject of clause), but the children trembled in fear of monsters unseen (predicate of clause) and the monsters, if they existed, remained unseen (predicate adjective).
Recognizing postpositive adjectives in English is important for determining the correct plural for a compound expression. For example, because martial is a postpositive adjective in the phrase court-martial, the plural is courts-martial, the suffix being attached to the noun rather than the adjective. This pattern holds for most postpositive adjectives, with the few exceptions reflecting overriding linguistic processes such as rebracketing.
Про postpositive:
Инверсия в паре существительное-прилагательное это тот же феномен, что и эмфатическая инверсия, tail questions и др.
Hardly had she sat down when ... (эмфатическая инверсия) (Speech patterns)