round vs. around
Дата публикации: Sep 02, 2016 10:39:49 AM
around вокруг (полный оборот 360 гр.)
We're sitting around the campfire.
round вокруг, за (не полный оборот, меньше 360 гр.)
We turned round the corner.
round (especially British English) (usually North American English around)
Around and round can often be used with the same meaning in British English, though around is more formal:
The earth goes round/around the sun.
They live round/around the corner.
We travelled round/around India.
She turned round/around when I came in.
In North American English only around can be used in these meanings.
Around, round and about can also sometimes be used with the same meaning in British English:
The kids were running around/round/about outside.
I’ve been waiting around/round/about to see her all day.
In North American English only around can be used in these meanings.
About or around can be used in both British English and North American English to mean ‘approximately’:
We left around/about 8 o’clock.
He does admit there was the occasional cross word when his children were young and running round the house. [BBC News]
Early in the second half a man ran towards Lennon and attempted to punch and grab him round the neck. [Guardian]
The defendant then reached 60 miles per hour on a road with a 30 mile per hour limit and went round another roundabout in the wrong direction. [Birmingham Mail]
The fence ran round the house.
The fence ran around the house.
Вопрос: Какая смысловая разница (= диф. сема) между round -:- around?
Задание: Визуализируйте (= изобразите рисунком/схемой) и/или вербализируйте на русском языке (переведите): The fence ran round the house. -:- The fence ran around the house.
A:
around в оппозиции к round имеет семантику статичности и завершённости.
It is to sit in the damp, crowded room around the a small, inefficient heater with my wife and six screaming children. - Сидеть в сырой, тесной комнате вокруг маленькой, неэффективной печки с моей женой и шестью орущими детьми. (т.е. сидеть всем вместе вокруг печки, тесно прижавшись, боясь потерять хоть какое-то исходящее от неё тепло)
It is to sit in the damp, crowded room round the a small, inefficient heater with my wife and six screaming children. - Сидеть в сырой, тесной комнате вокруг маленькой, неэффективной печки с моей женой и шестью орущими детьми. (здесь уже слово “сидеть” можно поставить в кавычки, т.е. просто жить в комнате с этой печкой, ходить вокруг, заниматься какими-то делами, периодически может быть подходить погреться)
round vs. around (горизонтальная проекция)
Вопросы:
1. В чем смысловая разница между around = кругом и round = кругом?
2. Какая корреляция дублета round/around с ядерной oralis-ani структурой?
A: round (динамичность) - oralis(ф.)/ani(м.), around (статичность) - ani(ф.)/oralis(м.)
Доп.вопрос:
Сome and look around our shop — приходите посмотреть, что есть в нашем магазине (делать покупки не обязательно) ← Кому делается приглашение? ← В чем функциональная анальность и морфологическая оральность?
(а)round vs. AmE/BrE (наивные нейтивы)
http://www.learnenglish.de/mistakes/aroundvsround.html
“A lot of sites say that around and round are the same, but there can be a difference, especially in BrE.
If someone says ”They were running around“, it implies the movement is erratic.
For example: Children tend to run around at school.
In BrE when we use “round” we imply a more definite purpose and a more circular movement.
For example: The athlete ran round the track.”
Вопросы:
1. Чем детерминировано предпочтение round в BrE, которое они сами не могут объяснить?
2. Как изменится смысл высказывания: The athlete ran round the track, если сказать так: The athlete ran around the track? Различие лучше визуализировать.
3. В чем лингвистическая наивность нейтива-комментатора? (см. языковой шовинизм)
Задание: Дайте семантический анализ round -:- аround до уровня статизма/динамизма.
A:
1. потому что round это oralis структура функционально, она дает больше свободы действий, что для антропоцентрика важно
2. исходя из идеи “around в оппозиции к round имеет семантику статичности и завершённости.”
round (динамичность) - oralis(ф.)/ani(м.), around (статичность) - ani(ф.)/oralis(м.)
round - прямой смысл, around - переносный смысл (аналогично in the school (родитель) vs. at the lesson(ученик))
they were running around - переносный смысл
The athlete was running round the track - прямой смысл бегал по кругу дистанцию.
The athlete was running around the track - разминка, пробежка, либо по кругу дистанцию срезая, мухлюя.
around - наречие, статизация глагола, аналогично asleep, ago, afar
Мы сидели вокруг костра
round - динамизм, вставали, менялись местами <- изменения
around - статизм, сидели как приклеенные
Дети водили хоровод вокруг елки
around - статизм
Доп. Вопрос: Как следует перевести You may look round our shop -:- You may look around our shop?
Непонятно, как переносность смысла around уживается со статизмом и буквальным сидением вокруг костра.
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My head was now throbbing violently and there were moments when it felt as if the whole office was going round.
I hope you haven't caught this nasty 'flu' that's around.
Feeling rather sorry for myself, I put on my overcoat and wrapped a scarf round my neck."
Можно допустить, что round может быть и с прямым и с переносным смыслом, и динамическим и статическим (в этом и динамизм - быть изменчивым), а around только статика.
take round - ввести в курс дела
Вопрос:
Какая общая сема между to take round и вариантом перевода ввести в курс дела?
Round came into the language as a noun meaning “a circular object.” At various times, the “circular object” was a racecourse, a ring, and a coin. In a text from 1325, round is the word used for a diadem encircling the head of a man in a painting. Chaucer used round in the sense of a globe. In Macbeth, Shakespeare used round as a word for a sovereign’s crown.
Around was formed from the noun round by adding the prefix a-, a variation of the prefix on-, creating an adverb that meant “in a circle.”
In some contexts, British speakers use round and around interchangeably; for example, either “He put his arm round her,” or “He put his arm around her.”
Otherwise, according to a note in the British English section of Oxford Dictionaries, there’s a general preference among British speakers to use round for “definite, specific movement,” and around in contexts that are less definite. For example,
She turned round.
A bus came round the corner.
She wandered around for ages.
The computer cost around £3,000.
According to a rumor circulating around the track, he’s using steroids.
American usage sometimes reflects British usage by using round, but around is more common.
Although the Oxford note says that in most contexts, “round is generally regarded as informal or non-standard,” I haven’t found anything in Merriam-Webster or the Chicago Manual of Style to indicate that using round the way the British do is “non-standard” in American usage. It may be old-fashioned, but it is not unknown in American writing:
By the rude bridge that arched the flood,
Their flag to April’s breeze unfurled,
Here once the embattled farmers stood
And fired the shot heard round the world. –Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Concord Hymn,” 1837 <- пример eye rhyme
I should like if my sisters are well and all the people round the neighborhood. –letter from Peter Van Wagener (son of Sojourner Truth), March 22, 1841
The usage is still seen in emails and web comments by American speakers:
We live downtown and I take them round the neighborhood, –A mother talking about taking children trick or treating in Sacramento, California.
One of the latest scams going round is that someone will stop you and ask if you are interested in perfume, –email debunked on Snopes.com/.
The strange form ‘round crops up in both British and American contexts, but as round is not a shortening of around, and as there’s no law against the American use of round to mean around, the apostrophe makes no sense in either dialect.