IS. Present Tenses in comparison
Дата публикации: Aug 02, 2015 1:53:34 PM
Ex.29
1. Women are constantly trying to commit suicide for love, but generally they take care not to succeed. (Maugham)
a) Repeated actions with "always" expressing annoyance or criticism
b) Repeated / habitual actions
2. You probably haven't seen her since those summer holidays when Mum and Dad were abroad. (Christie)
Emphasis on duration
3. Gerald, if you are going away with Lord Illingworth, go at once. Go before it kills me: but don't ask me to meet him. (Wilde)
Fixed arragements in the near future (personal)
Conditional I?
4. There's the car. Arnold's come back. I must go and bathe my eyes. I don't want them to see I've been crying.
a) Recently completed actions
b) Past actions are completed, of certain duration having visible results or effects in the present
5. I am seeing the other nurse, Nurse O'Brien, today. (Christie)
Fixed arragements in the near future (personal) - я сегодня встречаюсь с другой няней
6. As she turns to go, she finds that Bella has entered and is staring at her and her father with impassive hatred. (Gow and D’Usseau)
a) Repeated / habitual actions Dramatic narrative
b) Repeated / habitual actions Dramatic narrative
c) Actions which happened at an unstated past time and are connected with the present
d) Actions happening at or around the moment of speaking
7. Bella is a Negro woman of fifty who has been in the Langdon home for twenty-four years and thus occupies a favored position. (Gow and D’Usseau)
Emphasis on duration
8. "You are being very absurd, Laura," she said coldly. (Mansfield)
Temporary situations
9. When I've taken off my things we shall go into the next room and have tea. (Mansfield)
Recently completed actions
Придаточное времени / условия
When I take off my thing
When I've taken off my things - emphasise on completion
10. I'm always doing things on the spur of the moment to ray own inconvenience and other people's. (Maugham)
????Repeated actions with "always" expressing annoyance or criticism
Я постоянно так делаю, и этим создаю проблемы себе и людям.
Self critism
spur /spɜː(r)/
1. сущ.
1) а) шпора (на обуви) б) зоол. отросток в виде шпоры (на крыле или лапе у птиц); петушиная шпора в) тот, у кого есть шпоры; тот, кто носит шпоры
2) а) вершина горного хребта б) отрог или уступ горы
3) толчок (к чему-л.), побуждение, стимул
4) горн. ответвление жилы
5) бот. спорынья
6) ж.-д.; = spur track
7) спешка, поспешность, торопливость; высокий темп, большая скорость (чаще всего используется в идиоматических выражениях и эллиптических конструкциях)
8) тех. выступ, шип, зуб, наконечник (деталь, по форме напоминающая шпору)
"Spur of the moment" means to do something on impulse, without any forward planning. This could be due to fear, or as such, another emotion.
suddenly; spontaneously.
We decided to go on the spur of the moment.
I had to leave town on the spur of the moment.
to ray
2. гл.
1) расходиться лучами
2) а) излучать б) излучаться
3) а) физ. испускать лучи б) подвергать действию лучей; облучать
inconvenience /ˌɪnkənˈviːniəns/
1. сущ. беспокойство, неудобство
2. гл. причинять неудобство, беспокоить, стеснять, мешать
to ray own inconvenience and other people's - преодолеть/рассеять/ неудобство и свое, и других людей
I'm always doing things on the spur of the moment to ray own inconvenience and other people's
Я всегда все делаю спонтанно, чтобы не попадать в неудобные ситуации
11. He has all the virtues. Dr. Ramsay, Miss Glover, even Mrs. Branderton have been drumming his praise into my ears. (Maugham)
a) Permanent situation or state
b) Actions started in the past and continuing up to the present
virtue /ˈvɜːtʃuː/
1. [uncountable] (formal) behaviour or attitudes that show high moral standards
He led a life of virtue.
She was certainly no paragon of virtue!
2. [countable] a particular good quality or habit
Patience is not one of her virtues, I'm afraid.
As a politician, he always emphasized the virtues of compromise and conciliation.
3. [countable, uncountable] an attractive or useful quality
synonym advantage
The plan has the virtue of simplicity.
He was extolling the virtues of the Internet.
They could see no virtue in discussing it further.
praise /preɪz/
1. сущ. (по)хвала; восхваление
2. гл. хвалить; восхвалять; превозносить, прославлять, славословить
paragon /ˈpærəɡən/
1. сущ.
1) образец, модель совершенства
2) крупный бриллиант (весом в 100 карат и более)
3) крупная жемчужина идеально сферической формы
2. гл.; поэт.
1) проводить параллель, сравнивать
2) подходить, соответствовать
3. прил. идеальный, совершенный, образцовый
12. Fatty came over to Lanny's table. A fat, cheerful Greek with laughing wrinkles at the sides of his eyes. "You're alone to-day," Fatty said. Lanny nodded and lit a cigarette. "I'm leaving tonight." "Leaving?" "Yes, Fatty. I'm going home to the Karroo." (Abrahams)
Fixed arragements in the near future (personal)
wrinkle /ˈrɪŋkl/
a line or small fold in your skin, especially on your face, that forms as you get older
13. D'you know that Robert Qldham and Caroline have been madly in love with one another for the last ten years? They've waited all this time, and now at last Caroline is free. (Maugham)
a) Emphasis on duration
b) Recently completed actions. Emphasis on duration
c) Permanent situation or state
14. This will be the death of her when she hears it. (Dreiser)
Possible future
Придаточное времени
15. You have told my learned friend that you have known Mr. Pickwick a long time. (Dickens)
a) Recently completed actions
b) Actions started in the past and continuing up to the present Emphasis on duration
16. He is always breaking the law. (Shaw)
Repeated actions with "always" expressing annoyance or criticism
17. "It is Mrs. Sedley's coach, sister," said Miss Jemima. "Sambo, the black servant, has just rung the bell." (Thackeray)
Recently completed actions
18. She doesn't like me... She's always saying sharp things to me. (Christie)
Repeated actions with "always" expressing annoyance or criticism
19. "I think you are being very wise. A complete holiday, a complete rest, that is what you need. Have you decided where you are going?" "I've changed my mind," I said. "I don't think I'm going away after all." (Murdoch)
a) Temporary situations
b) Actions which happened at an unstated past time and are connected with the present
c) Actions which happened at an unstated past time and are connected with the present
d) Fixed arragements in the near future (personal)
20. Ah, Miss Marple. Good morning. Glad you've come. My wife's been ringing you up like a lunatic. (Christie)
Actions started in the past and continuing up to the present
lunatik /ˈluːnətɪk/
1. прил.
1) безумный, сумасшедший
2) идиотский, безрассудный
2. сущ.
душевнобольной, помешанный, сумасшедший
21. A woman never acknowledges such a nondescript age as forty-eight unless she is going to marry a widower with seventeen children. (Maugham)
Permanent situation or state
Repeated / habitual actions
About fact
nondescript /ˈnɒndɪskrɪpt/
having no interesting or unusual features or qualities
22. "By the way, you've been talking about me. I see it written in your faces. Your silence tells me all. I could even guess what you've been saying..." "You've been listening," Gladys cried, making a face at him. (Priestley)
a) Past actions on certain duration having visible results or effects in the present
b) Permanent situation or state
c) Past actions on certain duration having visible results or effects in the present
d) Actions expressing anger, irritation, annoyance, explanation or criticism
23. You are being far too romantic about it. (Hilton)
Temporary situations
24. "Do you like me at all, Bertha?" he asked. "I've wanted to ask you ever since you came home." (Maugham)
Actions which happened at an unstated past time and are connected with the present
???Emphasis on duration
25. Years have passed since we began this life. (Dickens)
Actions which happened at an unstated past time and are connected with the present
???Emphasis on duration
26. I've been making some sandwiches. Won't you come up and have some? (Christie)
Actions started in the past and continuing up to the present
Past actions on certain duration having visible results or effects in the present
27. I cannot imagine why I've lived thirty years with a man I dislike so much. (Maugham)
Recently completed actions
Actions which happened at an unstated past time and are connected with the present
Personal experiences / changes which have happened
Emphasis on duration
28. "Antonia has been telling me about your flat," said Rosemary. "It sounds ideal. And there's a heavenly view over to Westminster Cathedral." (Murdoch)
a) Actions started in the past and continuing up to the present
b) Permanent situation or state
29. We've been going to pictures about twice a week ever since. (Maugham)
Actions started in the past and continuing up to the present
30. I've flown a kite every Saturday afternoon ever since I was a kid and I'm going to fly a kite as long as ever I want to. (Maugham)
a) Actions which happened at an unstated past time and are connected with the present
b) Fixed arragements in the near future (personal)
31. I know this is an old story, I don't understand it myself and if I set it down in black and white it is only with a faint hope that when I have written it I may get a clearer view of if. (Maugham)
a) Permanent situation or state
b) Permanent situation or state
Придаточное условия /time
c) Possible future
d) Actions which happened at an unstated past time and are connected with the present
32. Who is coming to tea? (Wilde)
Fixed arragements in the near future (personal)
33. "I don't know what's been the matter with me. I've been so miserable, Eddie..." "You've been crying." (Maugham)
a) Actions which happened at an unstated past time and are connected with the present
b) Actions which happened at an unstated past time and are connected with the present
c) Past actions on certain duration having visible results or effects in the present
Ex.30
1. I __have been ringing__ the bell for the last quarter of an hour, (to ring) (Maugham)
Actions started in the past and continuing up to the present
Actions expressing anger, irritation, annoyance, explanation or criticism
Emphasis on duration
2. I want to see how much he __has changed__ since I saw him last, (to change) (Voynich)
Actions which happened at an unstated past time and are connected with the present
since = from the starting point in the past
3. __Have__ you __had__ any word from her since she left here? (to have) (Dickens)
Actions which happened at an unstated past time and are connected with the present
since = from the starting point in the past
4. I don't want to take a cure at all. I am perfectly happy. All my life I __am__ perfectly happy. (to be) (Hemingway)
Permanent situation or state
I don't want to take a cure at all. I am perfectly happy. All my life I __have been__ perfectly happy. Present Perfect Continious
5. Signora Grassini greeted Gemma affectionately, exclaiming in a loud whisper: "How charming you __are looking tonight!" (to look) (Voynich)
Temporary situations
Actions happening at or around the moment of speaking
6. Here's my keys. I __am leaving__ (to leave) (Gow and D’Usseau)
Actions happening at or around the moment of speaking
Fixed arragements in the near future (personal)
7. I __have not spoken__ to Mr. Boldwood since the autumn. I want to explain. I __am longing__ to do it ever since I returned, (to speak — negative, to long) (Hardy)
Actions which happened at an unstated past time and are connected with the present
since = from the starting point in the past
I __have not spoken__ to Mr. Boldwood since the autumn. I want to explain. I _have been longing__ to do it ever since I returned
8. I requested them to suspend their decision until they __have read my narrative, (to read) (Collins)
???
time clause
9. Wait till you __see Moose and __talk with him. (to see, to talk) (Aldridge)
imperative
dramatic narrative
10. "But what __are we __doing ?" she asked. "I __think about it a lot. I __have been thinking about it all week. But I __don't know what to do." (to do, to think, to think, to know — negative) (Caldwell)
Actions happening at or around the moment of speaking
Permanent situation or state
Actions started in the past and continuing up to the present
Permanent situation or state
11. I must not let my eyes get all red and swollen, or Henry'll know I __have been crying (to cry) (Maugham)
Past actions on certain duration having visible results or effects in the present
12. The sun __shines with different degrees of heating power in different parts of the world, (to shine)
Permanent truths or laws of nature
13. "Look," I said, "I _know_ Francis very well. I _have known_ him since we were very young men." (to know, to know) (Snow)
Permanent situation or state
Actions started in the past and continuing up to the present
14. "Well, I _have heard_ that Iris isn't going to be married," I said after a while, (to hear) (Maugham)
Recently completed actions
Actions which happened at an unstated past time and are connected with the present
15. He says he __has been listening to the same tunes for fifteen years, (to listen) (Maugham)
Emphasis on duration
16. Cesare, you and I _are_ friends for all these years, and I _have_ never _told_ you what really happened about Arthur, (to be, to tell) (Voynich)
Permanent situation or state
Actions which happened at an unstated past time and are connected with the present
Cesare, you and I _have been_ friends for all these years, and I _have_ never _told_ you what really happened about Arthur
17. What are we going to say to the king when he __comes in? (to come in) (Shaw)
time clause
18. "Dear little Hans," cried the Miller, "I am in great trouble. My little boy _falls_ off a ladder and _hurts_ himself." (to fall, to hurt (Wilde)
dramatic narrative
вариант
"Dear little Hans," cried the Miller, "I am in great trouble. My little boy _has fallen_ off a ladder and _hurt_ himself."
19. "As I _have been telling_ you for the past six months," he said, "business is bad." (to tell) (/. Shaw)
Actions started in the past and continuing up to the present
Emphasis on duration
???Actions expressing anger, irritation, annoyance, explanation or criticism
20. "This other gentleman," cried Mr. Pickwick, "is, as you will see when you _read_ the letter... a very near relative, or I should rather say a very particular friend of your son's." (to read) (Dickens)
time clause
вариант
"This other gentleman," cried Mr. Pickwick, "is, as you will see when you _have read_ the letter... a very near relative, or I should rather say a very particular friend of your son's."
21. Maude: You _have_ both __been _looking_ forward to this moment ever since you met one another. Caroline: And now it __has come (to look, to come) (Maugham)
Actions started in the past and continuing up to the present
Recently completed actions / results
Actions which happened at an unstated past time and are connected with the present
22. But you ought to have been telling your tale. Now you begin and when you _finish_, we'll go back and see what _does_ really _happen_ (to finish, to happen) (Priestley)
time clause
Но вы должны были рассказывать,
But you ought to have been telling your tale. Now you begin and when you _finish_, we'll go back and see what _has_ really _happen
23. What _have_ you _been doing_ with yourself since I've been away? (to do) (Christie)
Actions started in the past and continuing up to the present
Emphasis on duration
24. You _have been_ here two weeks. _Have_ you changed__ your opinion of the South? (to be, to change) (Gow and D’Usseau)
Actions started in the past and continuing up to the present
Personal experiences / changes which have happened
25. "I am very hungry and tired," replied Oliver. "I _have walked_ a long way. I _have been walking_ these seven days." (to walk, to walk) (Dickens)
Recently completed actions
Actions started in the past and continuing up to the present
Emphasis on duration
26. My good man, Signora Bolla _is_ head nurse in general to all of us. She _has been looking_ after sick people ever since she was in short frocks, and _doing_ it better than any sister of mercy I _know_ I needn't leave any directions if she _comes_ (to be, to look, to do, to know, to come) (Voynich)
Permanent situation or state
Actions started in the past and continuing up to the present
homogeneous parts of the sentence
Permanent situation or state
If clause
27. As Arthur mounted the stone steps leading to the street, a girl in cotton dress and straw hat ran up to him with outstretched hands. "Arthur! Oh, I am so glad!.. I _'ve been_ here for half an hour... Arthur, why _are you _looking_ at me like that? Something _has happened_ Arthur, what _comes_ to you? Stop!" (to wait, to look, to happen, to come) (Voynich)
Emphasis on duration
Actions happening at or around the moment of speaking
??
??
28. "Mr. Bithem here yet?" asked Miss Mass. "Oh, yes, dear," cried the chorus. "He __'s_been here for ages. We all _have been waiting_ here for more than an hour." (to be, to wait) (Mansfield)
Emphasis on duration
Actions started in the past and continuing up to the present
29. "Are we alone now?" "The waiter _has gone_ and the door is locked." (to go) (Caldwell)
Recently completed actions
30. I _am_ happy. I _am_ always _being_ happy, (to be, to be) (Hemingway)
??
I _am_ happy. I _have_ always _been_ happy
-------------------
Pr.Simple
Permanent situation or state
Repeated / habitual actions
Permanent truths or laws of nature
Timetables / programmes (future meaning, not personal)
Reviews / sports comments / dramatic narrative
Pr.Cont.
Temporary situations
Actions happening at or around the moment of speaking
Repeated actions with "always" expressing annoyance or criticism
Fixed arragements in the near future (personal)
Changing or developing situations
Pr.Perfect
Recently completed actions
Actions which happened at an unstated past time and are connected with the present
Personal experiences / changes which have happened
Emphasis on number
Pr.Per.Cont
Actions started in the past and continuing up to the present
Past actions on certain duration having visible results or effects in the present
Actions expressing anger, irritation, annoyance, explanation or criticism
Emphasis on duration
Ex.31
1. Ты уложила свои вещи? Такси уже десять минут ждет у дверей.
Have you packed your staff? The taxi has been waiting beside the doors for 10 minutes by this time.
2. Теперь я поняла.
Now, I've got it.
3. Он уже пять месяцев заведует лабораторией и многому научился за это время.
He has been running the lab for 5 months by this moment and he's learned a lot during this time.
4. Я приду к вам, если только меня не задержат на работе.
I'll come to you, if I'm not delayed at the office.
5. Я всегда интересовалась естественными науками.
* I'm always interested in the natural sciences.
* I always interested in the natural sciences.
I've always been interested in the natural sciences.
6. Кто взял мой словарь? Я уже полчаса ищу его.
Who has taken my dictionary? I've been looking for it for half an hour
7. Мы здесь уже с начала месяца, но не было еще ни одного солнечного дня.
We've been here since the begining of the month, but never have a sunny day.
We've been here since the begining of the month, but we haven't had a sunny day.
8. Она вечно говорит по телефону.
She is always talking on the telephone.