GIR. U2. Tales of the Five Towns
Дата публикации: Mar 26, 2016 1:36:2 PM
From "Tales of the Five Towns" by Arnold Bennett
This all happened on the same day. And that day was a Saturday, the red Saturday on which, in the unforgettable football match between Tottenham Hotspur and the Hanbridge F.C. (formed regardless of expense in the matter of professionals), the referee would certainly have been murdered had not a Five Towns crowd observed its usual miraculous self-restraint.
Mr. Cowlishaw - aged twenty-four, a fair-haired bachelor with a weak moustache - had bought the practice of the retired Mr. Rapper, a dentist of the very old school. His place of business - whatever high-class dentists choose to call it - was quite ready for him when he arrived at Hanbridge on a Friday night: specimen "uppers" and "lowers" and odd teeth shining in their glass case, the new black-and-gold door-plate on the door, and the electric filling apparatus, which he had purchased, in the operating-room. Nothing lacked there.
The next afternoon he sat in his beautiful new surgery and waited for dental sufferers to come to him from all quarters of the Five Towns. It need hardly be said that nobody came.
The mere fact that a new dentist has "set up" in a district is enough to cure all the toothache for miles around. The one martyr who might, perhaps, have paid him a visit and a fee did not show herself. This martyr was Mrs. Simeon Clowes, the mayoress. By a curious chance Mr. Cowlishaw had observed the previous night that she was obviously in pain from her teeth or from a particular tooth. But she had doubtless gone, despite her toothache, to the football match with the Mayor. All the world had gone to the football match. Mr. Cowlishaw would have liked to go, but it would have been madness to leave the surgery on his opening day. So he sat and yawned, and gazed at the crowd crowding to the match at two o'clock, crowding back in the gloom at four o'clock; and at a quarter past five he was reading a full description of the carnage in the football edition of the Signal. Though Hanbridge had been defeated, it appeared from the Signal that Hanbridge was the better team, and that Rannoch, the new Scottish centre-forward, had fought nobly for the town which had bought him so dear.
Mr. Cowlishaw was just dozing over the Signal when the door bell rang. With beating heart he retained his presence of mind, and said to himself that of course it could not possibly be a client. Even dentists who bought a practice ready-made never had a client on their first day. He heard the attendant go to the door, and then he heard the attendant saying, "I'll see, sir."
It was in fact, a patient. The servant, having asked Mr. Cowlishaw if Mr. Cowlishaw was at liberty, introduced the patient.
The patient was a tall, stiff, fair man of about thirty, with a tousled head, and in inelegant but durable clothing. He had a drooping moustache, which prevented Mr. Cowlishaw from adding his teeth up instantly.
"Good afternoon, mister," said the patient abruptly.
"Good afternoon," said Mr. Cowlishaw. "Have you... Can I..."
"It's like this," said the patient, putting his hand in his waistcoat pocket.
"Will, you kindly sit down," said Mr. Cowlishaw, turning on the light, and pointing to the chair of chairs.
"It's like this," repeated the patient, doggedly. "You see these three teeth?"
He displayed three very real teeth in a piece of reddened paper. As a spectacle, they were decidedly not appetizing, but Mr. Cowlishaw was hardened.
"Really!" said Mr. Cowlishaw, impartially gazing on them.
"They're my teeth," said the patient. And thereupon he opened his mouth wide and displayed, not without vanity, a widowed gum.
"'ont 'eeth," he exclaimed, keeping his mouth open and omitting preliminary consonants.
"Yes," said Mr. Cowlishaw, with a, dry inflection. "I saw that they were upper incisors. How did this all come about? An accident, I suppose?"
"Well," said the man, "you may call it an accident; I don't. My name is Rannoch; centre-forward. Ye see? Were you at the match?"
Mr. Cowlishaw understood. He had no need of further explanation; he had read it all in the Signal. And so the chief victim of Tottenham Hotspur had come to him, just to him! This was luck! For Rannoch was, of course, the most celebrated man in the Five Towns, and the idol of the populace. He might have been M.P. had he chosen.
"Dear me!" Mr. Cowlishaw sympathized and he said again, pointing more firmly to the chair of chairs, "will you sit down?"
"I had 'em all picked up," Mr. Rannoch proceeded, ignoring the suggestion. "Because a bit of a scheme came into my head. And that's why I've come to you, as you're just a commencing dentist. Supposing you put these teeth on a bit of green velvet in the case in your window, with a big card to say that they're guaranteed to be my genuine teeth knocked out by that blighter of a Tottenham half-back, you'll have such a crowd that was never seen around your door. All the Five Towns'll come to see 'em. It'll be the biggest advertisement that you or any other dentist ever had. And you might put a little notice in the Signal saying that my teeth are on view at your premises; it would only cost you a shilling... I should expect you to furnish me with new teeth for nothing, ye see."
Assuredly the idea was an idea of genius. As an advertisement it would be indeed colossal and unique. Tens of thousands would gaze spellbound for hours at those relics of their idol, and every gazer would inevitably be familiarized with the name and address of Mr. Cowlishaw, and with the fact that Mr. Cowlishaw was dentist-in-chief to the heroical Rannoch. Unfortunately, in dentistry there is etiquette. Mr. Cowlishaw knew that he could not do this without sinning against professional etiquette.
"I'm sorry I can't fall in with your scheme," said he, "but I can't."
"But, man!" protested the Scotsman, "It's the greatest scheme that ever was."
"Yes," said Mr. Cowlishaw, "but it would be unprofessional."
Mr. Rannoch was himself a professional. "Oh, well," he said sarcastically, "if you're one of those amateurs -,"
"I'll put the job in as low as possible," said Mr. Cowlishaw, persuasively.
But Scotsmen are not to be persuaded like that.
Mr. Rannoch wrapped up his teeth and left.
(to be continued)
Wordlist
Mr. Cowlishaw - Каулишо
Tottenham Hotspur (also informal Spurs ) - an English football club whose home ground is at White Hart Lane in the north London district of Tottenham. It was established in 1882 and has had many successes. In 1961 it became the first club in the 20th century to win both the League Championship and the FA Cup in the same season.
regardless adverb BrE /rɪˈɡɑːdləs/ ; NAmE /rɪˈɡɑːrdləs/ - paying no attention, even if the situation is bad or there are difficulties
The weather was terrible but we carried on regardless.
1. нареч.; не употр. атриб.
безотносительно к чему-либо, невзирая ни на что
2. прил.; уст.
1) не обращающий внимания (на кого-л. / что-л.), невнимательный
2) ничтожный, не стоящий внимания
formed regardless of expense in the matter of professionals - сформирована/собрана (не взирая на траты) из профессионалов.
see A matter of ...
miraculous
прил.
1) чудотворный, чудодейственный
2) сверхъестественный
3) изумительный, поразительный, удивительный
self-restraint
the ability to stop yourself doing or saying something that you want to because you know it is better not to
She exercised all her self-restraint and kept quiet.
1) самоограничение; самоограничение свободы, лишение себя свободы
2) самозапрет; самопресечение
3) самопринуждение
restraint noun BrE /rɪˈstreɪnt/ ; NAmE /rɪˈstreɪnt/
1. [countable, usually plural] restraint (on somebody/something) a rule, a fact, an idea, etc. that limits or controls what people can do
The government has imposed export restraints on some products.
social restraints on drinking alcohol
2. [uncountable] the act of controlling or limiting something because it is necessary or sensible to do so
wage restraint
They said that they would fight without restraint(= completely freely) for what they wanted.
3. [uncountable] the quality of behaving calmly and with control
synonym self-control
The police appealed to the crowd for restraint.
He exercised considerable restraint in ignoring the insults.
4. [uncountable] (formal) the use of physical force to control somebody who is behaving in a violent way
the physical restraint of prisoners
5. [countable] (formal) a type of seat belt or safety device
Children must use an approved child restraint or adult seat belt.
fair-haired - блондин
a weak mustache - тонкие/жидкие/редкие усики
specimen noun BrE /ˈspesɪmən/ ; NAmE /ˈspesɪmən/
1. a small amount of something that shows what the rest of it is like
synonym sample
Astronauts have brought back specimens of rock from the moon.
Can you give me a specimen of your handwriting?
2. a single example of something, especially an animal or a plant
The aquarium has some interesting specimens of unusual tropical fish.
Redwood trees can live for a long time; one specimen is 4 000 years old.
(humorous) They were fine specimens of British youth!
3.a small quantity of blood, urine, etc. that is taken from somebody and tested by a doctor
to provide/take a specimen
сущ.
1) а) образец, образчик; экземпляр б) небольшое количество физиологической жидкости для анализа
2) разг. ; ирон. субъект; тип
specimen an example of something, especially an animal or plant:The aquarium has some interesting specimens of unusual tropical fish.
vs. example case instance illustration
apparatus noun BrE /ˌæpəˈreɪtəs/ ; NAmE /ˌæpəˈrætəs/ (pl. apparatuses)
1. [uncountable] the tools or other pieces of equipment that are needed for a particular activity or task
a piece of laboratory apparatus
Firefighters needed breathing apparatus to enter the burning house.
2. [countable, usually singular] the structure of a system or an organization, particularly that of a political party or a government
the power of the state apparatus
3. [countable, usually singular] (specialist) a system of organs in the body
the sensory apparatus
1) а) прибор, инструмент; аппарат; аппаратура; агрегат, блок, машина б) оборудование (машины, инструменты); техническое оснащение
2) анат.; физиол. органы, система
3) материалы для исследования, теоретические основы, совокупность методов и моделей
4) органы управления (партийной или государственной организации)
5) спорт. гимнастический снаряд
apparatus the tools or other pieces of equipment that are needed for a particular activity or task:breathing apparatus for firefighters laboratory apparatus
Apparatus is used especially for scientific, medical or technical purposes.
vs. equipment material gear kit
mere see mere vs. simple vs. plain vs. простой
II прил.
1) простой, не более чем, всего лишь
2) уст. абсолютный, совершенный, полный
3) чистый, без примесей
martyr noun BrE /ˈmɑːtə(r)/ ; NAmE /ˈmɑːrtər/
1. a person who suffers very much or is killed because of their religious or political beliefs
the early Christian martyrs
a martyr to the cause of freedom
2. (usually disapproving) a person who tries to get sympathy from other people by telling them how much he or she is suffering
He makes a martyr of himself whenever it’s his turn to do the housework.
3. martyr to something (informal) a person who suffers very much because of an illness, problem or situation
She's a martyr to her nerves.
I feel like a martyr to this vacuum cleaner.
1. сущ. мученик; мученица; страдалец; страдалица
2. гл. мучить; подвергать гонениям
So he sat and yawned, and gazed at the crowd crowding to the match at two o'clock, crowding back in the gloom at four o'clock
пример отсутствия необходимости заменять однокоренные слова на синонимы для благозвучности
carnage noun BrE /ˈkɑːnɪdʒ/ ; NAmE /ˈkɑːrnɪdʒ/ [uncountable]
the violent killing of a large number of people
synonym slaughter
a scene of carnage
the carnage of the First World War
How can we reduce the carnage on our roads?
сущ.; фр.
резня, кровавая бойня, побоище
doze verb BrE /dəʊz/ ; NAmE /doʊz/ [intransitive] to sleep lightly for a short time
I dozed fitfully until dawn.
Synonyms: sleep doze nap snooze
These words all mean to rest with your eyes closed and your mind and body not active.
sleep to rest with your eyes shut and your mind and body not active:Did you sleep well? I couldn’t sleep last night.
It is more usual to say that somebody is asleep than that they are sleeping; but if you use an adverb to say how they are sleeping, use sleeping:
‘What’s Ashley doing?’ ‘Sh! She’s asleep.’
The baby was sleeping peacefully. The baby was asleep peacefully.
doze to sleep lightly, waking up easily, often when you are not in bed:He was dozing in front of the TV.
nap to sleep for a short time, especially during the day.
snooze (informal) to sleep lightly for a short time, especially during the day and usually not in bed:My brother was snoozing on the sofa.
Patterns
to sleep/doze lightly/fitfully
to doze/snooze gently
retain verb BrE /rɪˈteɪn/ ; NAmE /rɪˈteɪn/ (rather formal)
1. retain something to keep something; to continue to have something
synonym preserve
to retain your independence
He struggled to retain control of the situation.
The house retains much of its original charm.
She retained her tennis title for the third year.
2. retain something to continue to hold or contain something
a soil that retains moisture
This information is no longer retained within the computer's main memory.
(figurative) She has a good memory and finds it easy to retain facts.
3. retain somebody/something (law) if a member of the public retains somebody such as a lawyer, he or she pays money regularly or in advance so the lawyer, etc. will do work for him or her
a retaining fee
to retain the services of a lawyer
1) а) держать; удерживать, аккумулировать, вмещать б) сохранять; удерживать
2) помнить, держать в памяти
3) юр. нанимать, приглашать (адвоката)
retained his presence of mind
presence of mind - хладнокровие, невозмутимость, самообладание, присутствие духа
attendant noun BrE /əˈtendənt/ ; NAmE /əˈtendənt/
1. a person whose job is to serve or help people in a public place
a cloakroom/parking/museum attendant
Pool attendants kept a constant watch on the swimmers.
2. a person who takes care of and lives or travels with an important person or a sick or disabled person
flight attendant noun - a person whose job is to serve and take care of passengers on an aircraft
a tall, stiff, fair man of about thirty - высокий неприветливый блондин лет тридцати
stiff adjective BrE /stɪf/ ; NAmE /stɪf/ (stiffer, stiffest)
difficult to bend/move
1. firm and difficult to bend or move
stiff cardboard
a stiff brush
The windows were stiff and she couldn't get them open.
muscles
2. when a person is stiff, their muscles hurt when they move them
I'm really stiff after that bike ride yesterday.
I've got a stiff neck.
mixture
3. thick and almost solid; difficult to stir
Whisk the egg whites until stiff.
difficult/severe
4. more difficult or severe than usual
It was a stiff climb to the top of the hill.
The company faces stiff competition from its rivals.
The new proposals have met with stiff opposition.
There are stiff fines for breaking the rules.
a stiff breeze/wind (= one that blows strongly)
not friendly
5. (of a person or their behaviour) not friendly or relaxed
The speech he made to welcome them was stiff and formal.
price
6. (informal) costing a lot or too much
There's a stiff $30 entrance fee to the exhibition.
alcoholic drink
7. [only before noun] strong; containing a lot of alcohol
a stiff whisky
‘What you need is a stiff drink,’ he told her.
tousled adjective BrE /ˈtaʊzld/ ; NAmE /ˈtaʊzld/ (approving) - (of hair) untidy in an attractive way
a boy with blue eyes and tousled hair
She was an adorable child, with a tousled mass of dark curls.
взъерошенный
and in inelegant but durable clothing
inelegant
1) безвкусный, топорный
2) неизящный, неэлегантный, неуклюжий
3) невежливый, бестактный, грубый
durable adjective BrE /ˈdjʊərəbl/ ; NAmE /ˈdʊrəbl/ - likely to last for a long time without breaking or getting weaker
durable plastics
negotiations for a durable peace
Painted steel is likely to be less durable than other kinds.
highly durable carpets for hotel use
He had a drooping moustache, which prevented Mr. Cowlishaw from adding his teeth up instantly.
У него были обвислые усы, которые помешали мистеру Каулишо сразу же подсчитать его зубы.
waistcoat noun BrE /ˈweɪskəʊt/ ; NAmE usually /ˈweskət/ , also /ˈweɪskoʊt/ (British English)
(North American English vest) - a short piece of clothing with buttons down the front but no sleeves, usually worn over a shirt and under a jacket, often forming part of a man’s suit
He always wore a brightly-coloured waistcoat under his dark grey suit.
He took a gold watch out of his waistcoat pocket.
жилет
"Will, you kindly sit down," said Mr. Cowlishaw, turning on the light, and pointing to the chair of chairs.
??? хотя скорее кресло дантиста
The 1859 chair Nr. 14 - better known as Konsumstuhl Nr. 14, coffee shop chair no. 14 - is still called the "chair of chairs" with some 50 million produced and still in production today
doggedly adverb BrE /ˈdɒɡɪdli/ ; NAmE /ˈdɔːɡɪdli/ (approving) - in a way that shows that you are determined and do not give up easily
synonym tenaciously
Although the men fought doggedly on, a sense of hopeless despair engulfed them.
1) упрямо, не отходя от выбранного курса
2) упорно, не ослабевая
"It's like this," repeated the patient, doggedly. "You see these three teeth?"
пример пунктуационного/интонационного вопроса - не грамматического - показывает, что говорит не особо грамотный человек.
He displayed three very real teeth in a piece of reddened paper.
тут видимо бумага окрасилась от крови
redden verb BrE /ˈredn/ ; NAmE /ˈredn/ - [intransitive, transitive] redden (something) to become red; to make something red
The sky was reddening.
He could feel his face reddening with embarrassment.
He stared at her and she reddened.
1) а) окрашивать в красный цвет б) окрашиваться в красный цвет
2) краснеть, покрываться румянцем
As a spectacle, they were decidedly not appetizing, but Mr. Cowlishaw was hardened.
spectacle noun BrE /ˈspektəkl/ ; NAmE /ˈspektəkl/
1. spectacles [plural] (formal)
= glasses
a pair of spectacles
a spectacle case (= to put your glasses in)
2. [countable, uncountable] a performance or an event that is very impressive and exciting to look at
The carnival parade was a magnificent spectacle.
3. [countable] a sight or view that is very impressive to look at
The sunset was a stunning spectacle.
4. [singular] an unusual or surprising sight or situation that attracts a lot of attention
I remember the sad spectacle of her standing in her wedding dress, covered in mud.
1) зрелище; вид
2) представление, спектакль
harden verb BrE /ˈhɑːdn/ ; NAmE /ˈhɑːrdn/
1. [intransitive, transitive] to become or make something become firm, stiff or solid
The varnish takes a few hours to harden.
harden something a method for hardening and preserving wood
2. [intransitive, transitive] if your voice, face, etc. hardens, or you harden it, it becomes more serious or severe
Her face hardened into an expression of hatred.
harden something He hardened his voice when he saw she wasn't listening.
3. [intransitive, transitive] if somebody’s feelings or attitudes harden or somebody/something hardens them, they become more fixed and determined
Public attitudes to the strike have hardened.
Their suspicions hardened into certainty.
Opinion seems to be hardening against the invasion.
harden something The incident hardened her resolve to leave the company.
4. [transitive, usually passive] harden somebody/something/yourself to make somebody less kind or less affected by extreme situations
Joe sounded different, hardened by the war.
They were hardened criminals (= they showed no regret for their crimes).
In this job you have to harden your heart to pain and suffering.
Life has hardened me.
I need to harden myself against disappointment.
огрубелый, закалённый, бесчувственный
impartially adverb BrE /ˌɪmˈpɑːʃəli/ ; NAmE /ˌɪmˈpɑːrʃəli/ - in a way that does not support one person or group more than another
synonym neutrally
The trustees failed to act impartially.
справедливо, беспристрастно, объективно
"They're my teeth," said the patient. And thereupon he opened his mouth wide and displayed, not without vanity, a widowed gum.
thereupon adverb BrE /ˌðeərəˈpɒn/ ; NAmE /ˌðerəˈpɑːn/ (formal)
1. immediately after the situation mentioned; as a direct result of the situation mentioned
The audience thereupon rose cheering to their feet.
2. on the thing mentioned
a large notice with black letters printed thereupon
1) вслед за тем, вслед за этим
2) на том, на этом
3) в отношении (чего-л., упомянутого выше), по отношению (к чему-л.), в связи (с чем-л.)
4) вследствие (чего-л., упомянутого выше)
not without vanity, a widowed gum.
не без некоторого тщеславия, овдовевшую десну
inflection noun (also inflexion especially in British English) BrE /ɪnˈflekʃn/ ; NAmE /ɪnˈflekʃn/ [countable, uncountable]
1. a change in the form of a word, especially the ending, according to its grammatical function in a sentence
2. a change in how high or low your voice is as you are speaking
She spoke slowly and without inflection.
1) лингв. а) изменение формы слова (склонение или спряжение) б) окончание, флексия (изменяемая часть слова)
2) интонация, модуляция (звука, голоса)
3) выгиб, изгиб, сгиб
incisor noun BrE /ɪnˈsaɪzə(r)/ ; NAmE /ɪnˈsaɪzər/ - one of the eight sharp teeth at the front of the mouth that are used for biting
compare canine, molar
резец, передний зуб
This was luck! For Rannoch was, of course, the most celebrated man in the Five Towns, and the idol of the populace. He might have been M.P. had he chosen.
Так как Раннох был конечно самым знаменитым человеком в Пяти городах
populace noun BrE /ˈpɒpjələs/ ; NAmE /ˈpɑːpjələs/ (also the populace) [singular + singular or plural verb](formal) - all the ordinary people of a particular country or area
He had the support of large sections of the local populace.
The populace at large is/are opposed to sudden change.
1) а) простой народ; массы б) презр. толпа; чернь
2) книжн. население
A member of parliament (MP) is the representative of the voters to a parliament
"Dear me!" Mr. Cowlishaw sympathized
Квеселевич:
1. ах - выражает горе, сожаление, укор
2. ахти - сильная тревога, сожаление, удивление
3. боже (мой) - удивление, возмущение, радость, восторг и тп
4. помилуй(те) - несогласие, возражение
5. фу-ты, ну-ты - удивление, восторг, любование
blighter noun BrE /ˈblaɪtə(r)/ ; NAmE /ˈblaɪtər/ (old-fashioned, British English, informal)
a way of referring to a person (usually a man) that you either find unpleasant or that you feel some sympathy for
а) парень, малый, человек
б) паршивец, негодник
в) штука, вещь, предмет
premises noun BrE /ˈpremɪsɪz/ ; NAmE /ˈpremɪsɪz/ [plural] - the building and land near to it that a business owns or uses
business/commercial/industrial premises
The company is looking for larger premises.
No alcohol may be consumed on the premises.
Police were called to escort her off the premises.
These premises are regularly checked by security guards.
1) недвижимость
2) здание с прилегающими постройками и участком земли
furnish
1) а) снабжать; доставлять; предоставлять б) показывать, предъявлять, давать, предоставлять; приносить
2) отделывать, оснащать, обставлять (мебелью), меблировать
spellbound adjective BrE /ˈspelbaʊnd/ ; NAmE /ˈspelbaʊnd/ [not usually before noun] - with your attention completely held by what you are listening to or watching
a storyteller who can hold audiences spellbound
The kids watched and listened spellbound to the performance.
dentist-in-chief
in chief
1) во главе, на руководящем посту (в названиях должностей)
2) главным образом, преимущественно, в основном
in chief
главный, важный, ведущий
fall in with phrasal verb
fall in with somebody | fall in with something - [no passive] (British English) to agree to something
put something in
1. to fix equipment or furniture into position so that it can be used
synonym install
We're having a new shower put in.
2. to include something in a letter, story, etc.
3. to interrupt another speaker in order to say something
Could I put in a word?
+ speech ‘But what about us?’ he put in.
4. to officially make a claim, request, etc.
The company has put in a claim for damages.
5. put in a (…) performance to give a performance of something, especially one of a particular kind
All the actors put in great performances.
6. (also put something into something) to spend a lot of time or make a lot of effort doing something
She often puts in twelve hours' work a day.
put something into doing something He's putting a lot of work into improving his French.
related noun input
7. (also put something into something)
to use or give money
put something into doing something He's put all his savings into buying that house.
GIR. U2. Tales of the Five Towns Commentary
Cools
=== Tenses
Past Perfect
Mr. Cowlishaw - aged twenty-four, a fair-haired bachelor with a weak moustache - had bought the practice of the retired Mr. Rapper, a dentist of the very old school.
...specimen "uppers" and "lowers" and odd teeth shining in their glass case, the new black-and-gold door-plate on the door, and the electric filling apparatus, which he had purchased, in the operating-room.
By a curious chance Mr. Cowlishaw had observed the previous night that she was obviously in pain from her teeth or from a particular tooth. But she had doubtless gone, despite her toothache, to the football match with the Mayor. All the world had gone to the football match.
Though Hanbridge had been defeated, it appeared from the Signal that Hanbridge was the better team, and that Rannoch, the new Scottish centre-forward, had fought nobly for the town which had bought him so dear.
Mr. Cowlishaw understood. He had no need of further explanation; he had read it all in the Signal.
Конфликтность:
Фактуальность:
Императивность/коннотация:
Модальность:
Смехоточка:
=== Verbals
The servant, having asked Mr. Cowlishaw if Mr. Cowlishaw was at liberty, introduced the patient
=== Modal verbs
The one martyr who might, perhaps, have paid him a visit and a fee did not show herself.
=== Articles
=== Prepositions
=== Phrasal verbs
=== Векторы
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=== Speech patterns
the referee would certainly have been murdered had not a Five Towns crowd observed its usual miraculous self-restraint.
Conditional III + эмфатическая(?) инверсия
see Hardly had she sat down when ... (эмфатическая инверсия) (Speech patterns)
and IS. Conditionals
Had you (Had with inversion) - In formal situations, we can use had + subject + verb instead of if in third conditional sentences:
Had I known you were waiting outside, I would have invited you to come in. (If I had known you were waiting outside …)
Had Margaret realised she would be travelling alone, she would never have agreed to go.
Had it not rained last Saturday, we would've celebrated Tom's birthday with a barbecue in the garden.
Had you not refused my invitation, you would've had the best holiday ever.
It need hardly be said that nobody came. - Нет нужды говорить, что никто не пришел.
Mr. Cowlishaw would have liked to go, but it would have been madness to leave the surgery on his opening day.
Subj mood
I'll see, sir. - Нет уверенности, вежливый ответ, Я посмотрю, спрошу, тд.
He might have been M.P. had he chosen.
Conditional III + эмфатическая(?) инверсия
see Hardly had she sat down when ... (эмфатическая инверсия) (Speech patterns)
and IS. Conditionals
---> к вопросу о вежливых вопросах/предложениях
1. "Will, you kindly sit down," said Mr. Cowlishaw, turning on the light, and pointing to the chair of chairs.
2. "Dear me!" Mr. Cowlishaw sympathized and he said again, pointing more firmly to the chair of chairs, "will you sit down?"