indeed vs. actually vs. really
Дата публикации: Apr 14, 2016 5:46:40 PM
actually adverb
BrE /ˈæktʃuəli/ ; NAmE /ˈæktʃuəli/
1. used in speaking to emphasize a fact or a comment, or that something is really true
What did she actually say?
It's not actually raining now.
That's the only reason I'm actually going.
There are lots of people there who can actually help you.
I didn't want to say anything without actually reading the letter first.
2. used to show a contrast between what is true and what somebody believes, and to show surprise about this contrast
It was actually quite fun after all.
The food was not actually all that expensive.
Our turnover actually increased last year.
3. used to correct somebody in a polite way
We're not American, actually. We're Canadian.
Actually, it would be much more sensible to do it later.
They're not married, actually.
4. used to get somebody’s attention, to introduce a new topic or to say something that somebody may not like, in a polite way
Actually, I'll be a bit late home.
Actually, I'm busy at the moment—can I call you back?
Actually does not mean ‘at the present time’. Use currently, at present or at the moment instead.
indeed adverb BrE /ɪnˈdiːd/ ; NAmE /ɪnˈdiːd/
1. used to emphasize a positive statement or answer
‘Was he very angry?’ ‘Indeed he was.’
‘Do you agree?’ ‘Indeed I do/Yes, indeed.’
‘You said you'd help?’ ‘I did indeed—yes.’
It is indeed a remarkable achievement.
2. (especially British English) used after very and an adjective or adverb to emphasize a statement, description, etc.
Thank you very much indeed!
I was very sad indeed to hear of your father's death.
3. (formal, especially British English) used to add information to a statement
I don't mind at all. Indeed, I would be delighted to help.
4. (informal, especially British English) used to show that you are surprised at something or that you find something ridiculous
A ghost indeed! I've never heard anything so silly.
5. (informal) used when you are repeating a question that somebody has just asked and showing that you do not know the answer
‘Why did he do it?’ ‘Why indeed?’
really adverb BrE /ˈriːəli/ , also /ˈrɪəli/ ; NAmE /ˈriːəli/
1. used to say what is actually the fact or the truth about something
What do you really think about it?
Tell me what really happened.
They are not really my aunt and uncle.
I can't believe I am really going to meet the princess.
2. used to emphasize something you are saying or an opinion you are giving
I want to help, I really do.
Now I really must go.
I really don't mind.
He really likes you.
I really and truly am in love this time.
3. used to emphasize an adjective or adverb
a really hot fire
I'm really sorry.
She was driving really fast.
4. used, often in negative sentences, to reduce the force of something you are saying
I don't really agree with that.
It doesn't really matter.
‘Did you enjoy the book?’ ‘Not really’ (= ‘no’ or ‘not very much’).
We’ve done well, really.
5. used in questions and negative sentences when you want somebody to say ‘no’
Do you really expect me to believe that?
I don't really need to go, do I?
6. used to express interest in or surprise at what somebody is saying
‘We're going to Japan next month.’ ‘Oh, really?’
‘She's resigned.’ ‘Really? Are you sure?’
7. used to show that you disapprove of something somebody has done
Really, you could have told us before.
The position of really can change the meaning of the sentence:
I don’t really know means that you are not sure about something;
I really don’t know emphasizes that you do not know. (Look at sense 2.)
Вопросы:
1. Какая диф. сема между really = на самом деле и actually = на самом деле?
2. В чем смысловая разница высказываний:
You are really late. Ну вы сильно опоздали (степень)
You are actually late. Вы вообще-то опоздали (контр-высказывание)
You're very late, indeed. Вы действительно опоздали. (подтверждение, отношение)
Indeed, you're very late. Конечно вы опоздали. (подтверждение, отношение)
You're very late, indeed. Вы опоздали? Да это просто смешно. (отношение)
actually = структура спора, КФ, разницы, двух и больше мнений, версий
really = субъективное мнение, констатация, есть эмоция
indeed = субъективное мнение, OS, модальность, больше эмоций
Indeed is used as an intensifier, much like in fact, or to confirm an agreement of something
Everybody says chocolate is great, but I've never actually tasted it.
He hated chocolate - indeed, he hated it so much he forbade his children to eat it (very formal - like in fact)
She said it was to be found in the garden, where it indeed was (confirming what was said before was true)
You can also use it in agreement about something to be taken as a fact:
A- I think this government is very bad.
B - Indeed it is.
(I think it is too, and that's a fact)
In fact my grandfather was priest . I
n [point of] fact = In reality = confirmation that he had this role in reality.
Actually I can't understand with you . = Actually, I can't understand you = "Actually" is here an interjection like "Well,"; OR adverb = As a matter of fact, I do not understand you.
Indeed in my country there are a lot of stupid people.
adverb emphasizing a point= There are certainly a lot of stupid people in my country
Emphasis:
A: Was your grandfather religious?
B: In fact, my grandfather was a priest.
Contradiction:
A: Do you understand me?
B: Actually,I can't understand you.
Emphatic agreement:
A: There sure are a lot of stupid people in your country.
B: Indeed! There are a lot of stupid people in my country.
(The last conversation seems quite unlikely, but it does help me make my point.)