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- Dandelion. Uit
‘A Modern Herbal’ van Mrs. M. Grieve
Taraxaci radix
cum herba. Amerikaanse uitgebreide editie
van Duitse Kommision E.
Monography Taraxacum. The Eclectic
PhysicianMedicinal Herb Monographs 2004
Taraxacum officinale
abstracts, samenvatting wetenschappelijk onderzoek
Vlaamse Herboristen
Opleiding: Taraxacum officinale Weber
Löwenzahn /
Paardenbloem uit Tabernaemontanus 1625
Taraxacum officinale flower
extract onderzoek
Paardebloemrecept
Dandelion / A Modern Herbal Mrs. M. Grieve 1931
Botanical: Taraxacum
officinale (WEBER)
Family: N.O. Compositae
---Synonyms---Priest's
Crown. Swine's Snout.
---Parts Used---Root,
leaves.
The Dandelion (Taraxacum
officinale, Weber, T. Densleonis, Desf; Leontodon taraxacum, Linn.),
though not occurring in the Southern Hemisphere, is at home in all
parts of the north temperate zone, in pastures, meadows and on waste
ground, and is so plentiful that farmers everywhere find it a
troublesome weed, for though its flowers are more conspicuous in the
earlier months of the summer, it may be found in bloom, and
consequently also prolifically dispersing its seeds, almost
throughout the year.
---Description---From its
thick tap root, dark brown, almost black on the outside though white
and milky within, the long jagged leaves rise directly, radiating
from it to form a rosette Iying close upon the ground, each leaf
being grooved and constructed so that all the rain falling on it is
conducted straight to the centre of the rosette and thus to the root
which is, therefore, always kept well watered. The maximum amount of
water is in this manner directed towards the proper region for
utilization by the root, which but for this arrangement would not
obtain sufficient moisture, the leaves being spread too close to the
ground for the water to penetrate.
The leaves are shiny and
without hairs, the margin of each leaf cut into great jagged teeth,
either upright or pointing somewhat backwards, and these teeth are
themselves cut here and there into lesser teeth. It is this somewhat
fanciful resemblance to the canine teeth of a lion that (it is
generally assumed) gives the plant its most familiar name of
Dandelion, which is a corruption of the French Dent de Lion, an
equivalent of this name being found not only in its former specific
Latin name Dens leonis and in the Greek name for the genus to which
Linnaeus assigned it, Leontodon, but also in nearly all the languages
of Europe.
There is some doubt,
however, as to whether it was really the shape of the leaves that
provided the original notion, as there is really no similarity
between them, but the leaves may perhaps be said to resemble the
angular jaw of a lion fully supplied with teeth. Some authorities
have suggested that the yellow flowers might be compared to the
golden teeth of the heraldic lion, while others say that the
whiteness of the root is the feature which provides the resemblance.
Flückiger and Hanbury in Pharmacographia, say that the name was
conferred by Wilhelm, a surgeon, who was so much impressed by the
virtues of the plant that he likened it to Dens leonis. In the Ortus
Sanitatis, 1485, under 'Dens Leonis,' there is a monograph of half a
page (unaccompanied by any illustration) which concludes:
'The Herb was much
employed by Master Wilhelmus, a surgeon, who on account of its
virtues, likened it to "eynem lewen zan, genannt zu latin Dens
leonis" (a lion's tooth, called in Latin Dens leonis).'
In the pictures of the old
herbals, for instance, the one in Brunfels' Contrafayt Kreuterbuch,
1532, the leaves very much resemble a lion's tooth. The root is not
illustrated at all in the old herbals, as only the herb was used at
that time.
The name of the genus,
Taraxacum, is derived from the Greek taraxos (disorder), and akos
(remedy), on account of the curative action of the plant. A possible
alternative derivation of Taraxacum is suggested in The Treasury of
Botany:
'The generic name is
possibly derived from the Greek taraxo ("I have excited" or
"caused") and achos (pain), in allusion to the medicinal
effects of the plant.'
There are many varieties
of Dandelion leaves; some are deeply cut into segments, in others the
segments or lobes form a much less conspicuous feature, and are
sometimes almost entire.
The shining, purplish
flower-stalks rise straight from the root, are leafless, smooth and
hollow and bear single heads of flowers. On picking the flowers, a
bitter, milky juice exudes from the broken edges of the stem, which
is present throughout the plant, and which when it comes into contact
with the hand, turns to a brown stain that is rather difficult to
remove.
Each bloom is made up of
numerous strapshaped florets of a bright golden yellow. This
strap-shaped corolla is notched at the edge into five teeth, each
tooth representing a petal, and lower down is narrowed into a
claw-like tube, which rests on the singlechambered ovary containing a
single ovule. In this tiny tube is a copious supply of nectar, which
more than half fills it, and the presence of which provides the
incentive for the visits of many insects, among whom the bee takes
first rank. The Dandelion takes an important place among
honey-producing plants, as it furnishes considerable quantities of
both pollen and nectar in the early spring, when the bees' harvest
from fruit trees is nearly over. It is also important from the
beekeeper's point of view, because not only does it flower most in
spring, no matter how cool the weather may be, but a small succession
of bloom is also kept up until late autumn, so that it is a source of
honey after the main flowers have ceased to bloom, thus delaying the
need for feeding the colonies of bees with artificial food.
Many little flies also are
to be found visiting the Dandelion to drink the lavishly-supplied
nectar. By carefully watching, it has been ascertained that no less
than ninety-three different kinds of insects are in the habit of
frequenting it. The stigma grows up through the tube formed by the
anthers, pushing the pollen before it, and insects smearing
themselves with this pollen carry it to the stigmas of other flowers
already expanded, thus insuring cross-fertilization. At the base of
each flower-head is a ring of narrow, green bracts the involucre.
Some of these stand up to support the florets, others hang down to
form a barricade against such small insects as might crawl up the
stem and injure the bloom without taking a share in its
fertilization, as the winged insects do.
The blooms are very
sensitive to weather conditions: in fine weather, all the parts are
outstretched, but directly rain threatens the whole head closes up at
once. It closes against the dews of night, by five o'clock in the
evening, being prepared for its night's sleep, opening again at seven
in the morning though as this opening and closing is largely
dependent upon the intensity of the light, the time differs somewhat
in different latitudes and at different seasons.
When the whole head has
matured, all the florets close up again within the green sheathing
bracts that lie beneath, and the bloom returns very much to the
appearance it had in the bud. Its shape being then somewhat
reminiscent of the snout of a pig, it is termed in some districts
'Swine's Snout.' The withered, yellow petals are, however soon pushed
off in a bunch, as the seeds, crowned with their tufts of hair,
mature, and one day, under the influence of sun and wind the 'Swine's
Snout' becomes a large gossamer ball, from its silky whiteness a very
noticeable feature. It is made up of myriads of plumed seeds or
pappus, ready to be blown off when quite ripe by the slightest
breeze, and forms the 'clock' of the children, who by blowing at it
till all the seeds are released, love to tell themselves the time of
day by the number of puffs necessary to disperse every seed. When all
the seeds have flown, the receptacle or disc on which they were
placed remains bare, white, speckled and surrounded by merely the
drooping remnants of the sheathing bracts, and we can see why the
plant received another of its popular names, 'Priest's Crown,' common
in the Middle Ages, when a priest's shorn head was a familiar object.
Small birds are very fond
of the seeds of the Dandelion and pigs devour the whole plant
greedily. Goats will eat it, but sheep and cattle do not care for it,
though it is said to increase the milk of cows when eaten by them.
Horses refuse to touch this plant, not appreciating its bitter juice.
It is valuable food for rabbits and may be given them from April to
September forming excellent food in spring and at breeding seasons in
particular.
The young leaves of the
Dandelion make an agreeable and wholesome addition to spring salads
and are often eaten on the Continent, especially in France. The
full-grown leaves should not be taken, being too bitter, but the
young leaves, especially if blanched, make an excellent salad, either
alone or in combination with other plants, lettuce, shallot tops or
chives.
Young Dandelion leaves
make delicious sandwiches, the tender leaves being laid between
slices of bread and butter and sprinkled with salt. The addition of a
little lemon-juice and pepper varies the flavour. The leaves should
always be torn to pieces, rather than cut, in order to keep the
flavour.
John Evelyn, in his
Acetana, says: 'With thie homely salley, Hecate entertained Theseus.'
In Wales, they grate or chop up Dandelion roots, two years old, and
mix them with the leaves in salad. The seed of a special broad-leaved
variety of Dandelion is sold by seedsmen for cultivation for salad
purposes. Dandelion can be blanched in the same way as endive, and is
then very delicate in flavour. If covered with an ordinary flower-pot
during the winter, the pot being further buried under some rough
stable litter, the young leaves sprout when there is a dearth of
saladings and prove a welcome change in early spring. Cultivated
thus, Dandelion is only pleasantly bitter, and if eaten while the
leaves are quite young, the centre rib of the leaf is not at all
unpleasant to the taste. When older the rib is tough and not nice to
eat. If the flower-buds of plants reserved in a corner of the garden
for salad purposes are removed at once and the leaves carefully cut,
the plants will last through the whole winter.
The young leaves may also
be boiled as a vegetable, spinach fashion, thoroughly drained,
sprinkled with pepper and salt, moistened with soup or butter and
served very hot. If considered a little too bitter, use half spinach,
but the Dandelion must be partly cooked first in this case, as it
takes longer than spinach. As a variation, some grated nutmeg or
garlic, a teaspoonful of chopped onion or grated lemon peel can be
added to the greens when they are cooked. A simple vegetable soup may
also be made with Dandelions.
The dried Dandelion leaves
are also employed as an ingredient in many digestive or diet drinks
and herb beers. Dandelion Beer is a rustic fermented drink common in
many parts of the country and made also in Canada. Workmen in the
furnaces and potteries of the industrial towns of the Midlands have
frequent resource to many of the tonic Herb Beers, finding them
cheaper and less intoxicating than ordinary beer, and Dandelion stout
ranks as a favourite. An agreeable and wholesome fermented drink is
made from Dandelions, Nettles and Yellow Dock.
In Berkshire and
Worcestershire, the flowers are used in the preparation of a beverage
known as Dandelion Wine. This is made by pouring a gallon of boiling
water over a gallon of the flowers. After being well stirred, it is
covered with a blanket and allowed to stand for three days, being
stirred again at intervals, after which it is strained and the liquor
boiled for 30 minutes, with the addition of 3 1/2 lb. of loaf sugar,
a little ginger sliced, the rind of 1 orange and 1 lemon sliced. When
cold, a little yeast is placed in it on a piece of toast, producing
fermentation. It is then covered over and allowed to stand two days
until it has ceased 'working,' when it is placed in a cask, well
bunged down for two months before bottling. This wine is suggestive
of sherry slightly flat, and has the deserved reputation of being an
excellent tonic, extremely good for the blood.
The roasted roots are
largely used to form Dandelion Coffee, being first thoroughly
cleaned, then dried by artificial heat, and slightly roasted till
they are the tint of coffee, when they are ground ready for use. The
roots are taken up in the autumn, being then most fitted for this
purpose. The prepared powder is said to be almost indistinguishable
from real coffee, and is claimed to be an improvement to inferior
coffee, which is often an adulterated product. Of late years,
Dandelion Coffee has come more into use in this country, being
obtainable at most vegetarian restaurants and stores. Formerly it
used occasionally to be given for medicinal purposes, generally mixed
with true coffee to give it a better flavour. The ground root was
sometimes mixed with chocolate for a similar purpose. Dandelion
Coffee is a natural beverage without any of the injurious effects
that ordinary tea and coffee have on the nerves and digestive organs.
It exercises a stimulating influence over the whole system, helping
the liver and kidneys to do their work and keeping the bowels in a
healthy condition, so that it offers great advantages to dyspeptics
and does not cause wakefulness.
---Parts Used
Medicinally---The root, fresh and dried, the young tops. All parts of
the plant contain a somewhat bitter, milky juice (latex), but the
juice of the root being still more powerful is the part of the plant
most used for medicinal purposes.
---History---The first
mention of the Dandelion as a medicine is in the works of the Arabian
physicians of the tenth and eleventh centuries, who speak of it as a
sort of wild Endive, under the name of Taraxcacon. In this country,
we find allusion to it in the Welsh medicines of the thirteenth
century. Dandelion was much valued as a medicine in the times of
Gerard and Parkinson, and is still extensively employed.
Dandelion roots have long
been largely used on the Continent, and the plant is cultivated
largely in India as a remedy for liver complaints. The root is perennial and
tapering, simple or more or less branched, attaining in a good soil a
length of a foot or more and 1/2 inch to an inch in diameter. Old
roots divide at the crown into several heads. The root is fleshy and
brittle, externally of a dark brown, internally white and abounding
in an inodorous milky juice of bitter, but not disagreeable taste.
Only large, fleshy and
well-formed roots should be collected, from plants two years old, not
slender, forked ones. Roots produced in good soil are easier to dig
up without breaking, and are thicker and less forked than those
growing on waste places and by the roadside. Collectors should,
therefore only dig in good, free soil, in moisture and shade, from
meadow-land. Dig up in wet weather, but not during frost, which
materially lessens the activity of the roots. Avoid breaking the
roots, using a long trowel or a fork, lifting steadily and carefully.
Shake off as much of the earth as possible and then cleanse the
roots, the easiest way being to leave them in a basket in a running
stream so that the water covers them, for about an hour, or shake
them, bunched, in a tank of clean water. Cut off the crowns of
leaves, but be careful in so doing not to leave any scales on the
top. Do not cut or slice the roots or the valuable milky juice on
which their medicinal value depends will be wasted by bleeding.
---Cultivation---As only
large, well-formed roots are worth collecting, some people prefer to
grow Dandelions as a crop, as by this means large roots are insured
and they are more easily dug, generally being ploughed up. About 4
lb. of seed to the acre should be allowed, sown in drills, 1 foot
apart. The crops should be kept clean by hoeing, and all flower-heads
should be picked off as soon as they appear, as otherwise the
grower's own land and that of his neighbours will be smothered with
the weed when the seeds ripen. The yield should be 4 or 5 tons of
fresh roots to the acre in the second year. Dandelion roots shrink
very much in drying, losing about 76 per cent of their weight, so
that 100 parts of fresh roots yield only about 22 parts of dry
material. Under favourable conditions, yields at the rate of 1,000 to
1,500 lb. of dry roots per acre have been obtained from second-year
plants cultivated.
Dandelion root can only be
economically collected when a meadow in which it is abundant is
ploughed up. Under such circumstances the roots are necessarily of
different ages and sizes, the seeds sowing themselves in successive
years. The roots then collected after washing and drying, have to be
sorted into different grades. The largest, from the size of a lead
pencil upwards, are cut into straight pieces 2 to 3 inches long, the
smaller side roots being removed, these are sold at a higher price as
the finest roots. The smaller roots fetch a less price, and the
trimmings are generally cut small, sold at a lower price and used for
making Dandelion Coffee. Every part of the root is thus used. The
root before being dried should have every trace of the leaf-bases
removed as their presence lessens the value of the root.
In collecting cultivated
Dandelion advantage is obtained if the seeds are all sown at one
time, as greater uniformity in the size of the root is obtainable,
and in deep soil free from stones, the seedlings will produce
elongated, straight roots with few branches, especially if allowed to
be somewhat crowded on the same principles that coppice trees produce
straight trunks. Time is also saved in digging up the roots which can
thus be sold at prices competing with those obtained as the result of
cheaper labour on the Continent. The edges of fields when room is
allowed for the plough-horses to turn, could easily be utilized if
the soil is good and free from stones for both Dandelion and Burdock,
as the roots are usually much branched in stony ground, and the roots
are not generally collected until October when the harvest is over.
The roots gathered in this month have stored up their food reserve of
Inulin, and when dried present a firm appearance, whilst if collected
in spring, when the food reserve in the root is used up for the
leaves and flowers, the dried root then presents a shrivelled and
porous appearance which renders it unsaleable. The medicinal
properties of the root are, therefore, necessarily greater in
proportion in the spring. Inulin being soluble in hot water, the
solid extract if made by boiling the root, often contains a large
quantity of it, which is deposited in the extract as it cools.
The roots are generally
dried whole, but the largest ones may sometimes be cut transversely
into pieces 3 to 6 inches long. Collected wild roots are, however,
seldom large enough to necessitate cutting. Drying will probably take
about a fortnight. When finished, the roots should be hard and
brittle enough to snap, and the inside of the roots white, not grey
The roots should be kept
in a dry place after drying, to avoid mould, preferably in tins to
prevent the attacks of moths and beetles. Dried Dandelion is
exceedingly liable to the attacks of maggots and should not be kept
beyond one season.
Dried Dandelion root is
1/2 inch or less in thickness, dark brown, shrivelled, with wrinkles
running lengthwise, often in a spiral direction; when quite dry, it
breaks easily with a short, corky fracture, showing a very thick,
white bark, surrounding a wooden column. The latter is yellowish,
very porous, without pith or rays. A rather broad but indistinct
cambium zone separates the wood from the bark, which latter exhibits
numerous well-defined, concentric layers, due to the milk vessels.
This structure is quite characteristic and serves to distinguish
Dandelion roots from other roots like it. There are several flowers
easily mistaken for the Dandelion when in blossom, but these have
either hairy leaves or branched flower-stems, and the roots differ
either in structure or shape.
Dried Dandelion root
somewhat resembles Pellitory and Liquorice roots, but Pellitory
differs in having oil glands and also a large radiate wood, and
Liquorice has also a large radiate wood and a sweet taste.
The root of Hawkbit
(Leontodon hispidus) is sometimes substituted for Dandelion root. It
is a plant with hairy, not smooth leaves, and the fresh root is
tough, breaking with difficulty and rarely exuding much milky juice.
Some kinds of Dock have also been substituted, and also Chicory root.
The latter is of a paler colour, more bitter and has the laticiferous
vessels in radiating lines. In the United States it is often
substituted for Dandelion. Dock roots have a prevailing yellowish
colour and an astringent taste.
During recent years, a
small form of a Dandelion root has been offered by Russian firms, who
state that it is sold and used as Dandelion in that country. This
root is always smaller than the root of T. officinale, has smaller
flowers, and the crown of the root has often a tuft of brown woolly
hairs between the leaf bases at the crown of the root, which are
never seen in the Dandelion plant in this country, and form a
characteristic distinction, for the root shows similar concentric,
horny rings in the thick white bark as well as a yellow porous woody
centre. These woolly hairs are mentioned in Greenish's Materia
Medica, and also in the British Pharmaceutical Codex, as a feature of
Dandelion root, but no mention is made of them in the
Pharmacographia, nor in the British Pharmacopceia or United States
Pharmacopceia, and it is probable, therefore, that Russian specimens
have been used for describing the root, and that the root with brown
woolly hairs belongs to some other species of Taraxacum.
---Chemical
Constituents---The chief constituents of Dandelion root are
Taraxacin, acrystalline, bitter substance, of which the yield varies
in roots collected at different seasons, and Taraxacerin, an acrid
resin, with Inulin (a sort of sugar which replaces starch in many of
the Dandelion family, Compositae), gluten, gum and potash. The root
contains no starch, but early in the year contains much
uncrystallizable sugar and laevulin, which differs from Inulin in
being soluble in cold water. This diminishes in quantity during the
summer and becomes Inulin in the autumn. The root may contain as much
as 24 per cent. In the fresh root, the Inulin is present in the
cell-sap, but in the dry root it occurs as an amorphodus, transparent
solid, which is only slightly soluble in cold water, but soluble in
hot water.
There is a difference of
opinion as to the best time for collecting the roots. The British
Pharmacopceia considers the autumn dug root more bitter than the
spring root, and that as it contains about 25 per cent insoluble
Inulin, it is to be preferred on this account to the spring root, and
it is, therefore, directed that in England the root should be
collected between September and February, it being considered to be
in perfection for Extract making in the month of November.
Bentley, on the other
hand, contended that it is more bitter in March and most of all in
July, but that as in the latter month it would generally be
inconvenient for digging it, it should be dug in the spring, when the
yield of Taraxacin, the bitter soluble principle, is greatest.
On account of the
variability of the constituents of the plant according to the time of
year when gathered, the yield and composition of the extract are very
variable. If gathered from roots collected in autumn, the resulting
product yields a turbid solution with water; if from spring-collected
roots, the aqueous solution will be clear and yield but very little
sediment on standing, because of the conversion of the Inulin into
Laevulose and sugar at this active period of the plant's life.
In former days, Dandelion
Juice was the favourite preparation both in official and domestic
medicine. Provincial druggists sent their collectors for the roots
and expressed the juice while these were quite fresh. Many country
druggists prided themselves on their Dandelion Juice. The most active
preparations of Dandelion, the Juice (Succus Taraxaci) and the
Extract (Extractum Taraxaci), are made from the bruised fresh root.
The Extract prepared from the fresh root is sometimes almost devoid
of bitterness. The dried root alone was official in the United States
Pharmacopoeia.
The leaves are not often
used, except for making Herb-Beer, but a medicinal tincture is
sometimes made from the entire plant gathered in the early summer. It
is made with proof spirit.
When collecting the seeds
care should be taken when drying them in the sun, to cover them with
coarse muslin, as otherwise the down will carry them away. They are
best collected in the evening, towards sunset, or when the damp air
has caused the heads to close up.
The tops should be cut on
a dry day, when quite free of rain or dew, and all insect-eaten or
stained leaves rejected.
---Medicinal Action and
Uses---Diuretic, tonic and slightly aperient. It is a general
stimulant to the system, but especially to the urinary organs, and is
chiefly used in kidney and liver disorders.
Dandelion is not only
official but is used in many patent medicines. Not being poisonous,
quite big doses of its preparations may be taken. Its beneficial
action is best obtained when combined with other agents.
The tincture made from the
tops may be taken in doses of 10 to 15 drops in a spoonful of water,
three times daily.
It is said that its use
for liver complaints was assigned to the plant largely on the
doctrine of signatures, because of its bright yellow flowers of a
bilious hue.
In the hepatic complaints
of persons long resident in warm climates, Dandelion is said to
afford very marked relief. A broth of Dandelion roots, sliced and
stewed in boiling water with some leaves of Sorrel and the yolk of an
egg, taken daily for some months, has been known to cure seemingly
intractable cases of chronic liver congestion.
A strong decoction is
found serviceable in stone and gravel: the decoction may be made by
boiling 1 pint of the sliced root in 20 parts of water for 15
minutes, straining this when cold and sweetening with brown sugar or
honey. A small teacupful may be taken once or twice a day.
Dandelion is used as a
bitter tonic in atonic dyspepsia, and as a mild laxative in habitual
constipation. When the stomach is irritated and where active
treatment would be injurious, the decoction or extract of Dandelion
administered three or four times a day, will often prove a valuable
remedy. It has a good effect in increasing the appetite and promoting
digestion.
Dandelion combined with
other active remedies has been used in cases of dropsy and for
induration of the liver, and also on the Continent for phthisis and
some cutaneous diseases. A decoction of 2 OZ. of the herb or root in
1 quart of water, boiled down to a pint, is taken in doses of one
wineglassful every three hours for scurvy, scrofula, eczema and all
eruptions on the surface of the body.
---Preparations and
Dosages---Fluid extract, B.P., 1/2 to 2 drachms. Solid extract, B.P.
5 to 15 grains. Juice, B.P., 1 to 2 drachms. Leontodin, 2 to 4
grains.
---Dandelion Tea---Infuse 1 OZ. of Dandelion
in a pint of boiling water for 10 minutes; decant, sweeten with
honey, and drink several glasses in the course of the day. The use of
this tea is efficacious in bilious affections, and is also much
approved of in the treatment of dropsy.
Or take 2 OZ. of
freshly-sliced Dandelion root, and boil in 2 pints of water until it
comes to 1 pint; then add 1 OZ. of compound tincture of Horseradish.
Dose, from 2 to 4 OZ. Use in a sluggish state of the liver.
Or 1 OZ. Dandelion
root, 1 OZ. Black Horehound herb, 1/2 OZ. Sweet
Flag root, 1/4 OZ. Mountain Flax. Simmer
the whole in 3 pints of water down to 1 1/2 pint, strain and take a
wineglassful after meals for biliousness and dizziness.
---For Gall Stones---1 OZ. Dandelion
root, 1 OZ. Parsley root, 1 OZ. Balm herb, 1/2 OZ. Ginger root, 1/2
OZ. Liquorice root. Place in 2 quarts of
water and gently simmer down to 1 quart, strain and take a
wineglassful every two hours.
For a young child
suffering from jaundice: 1 OZ. Dandelion
root, 1/2 oz. Ginger root, 1/2 oz. Caraway
seed, 1/2 oz. Cinnamon bark, 1/4 oz. Senna leaves. Gently boil in 3
pints of water down to 1 1/2 pint, strain, dissolve 1/2 lb. sugar in
hot liquid, bring to a boil again, skim all impurities that come to
the surface when clear, put on one side to cool, and give frequently
in teaspoonful doses.
---A Liver and Kidney
Mixture---1 OZ. Broom tops,
1/2 oz. Juniper berries, 1/2 oz. Dandelion
root, 1 1/2 pint water. Boil in gredients for 10 minutes, then strain
and adda small quantity of cayenne. Dose, 1 tablespoonful, three
times a day.
---A Medicine for Piles---1 OZ. Long-leaved
Plantain, 1 OZ. Dandelion root, 1/2 oz.
Polypody root, 1 OZ. Shepherd's Purse. Add
3 pints of water, boil down to half the quantity, strain, and add 1
OZ. of tincture of Rhubarb. Dose, a wineglassful three times a day.
Celandine ointment to be applied at same time.
In Derbyshire, the juice
of the stalk is applied to remove warts.
Taraxaci radix cum herba / Dandelion root with
herb / Commision E
Latin Name: Taraxacum officinale
Pharmacopeial Name: Taraxaci radix cum herba
Other Names: common dandelion, lion's tooth
Overview
Dandelion is a perennial
herb native throughout the northern hemisphere with many varieties
and microspecies, found growing wild in meadows, pastures and waste
ground in temperate zones (Grieve, 1979; Leung and Foster, 1996;
Wichtl and Bisset, 1994). The material of commerce comes from both
wild and cultivated plants, mainly from Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland,
Romania, the former Yugoslavia, and the United Kingdom (BHP, 1996;
Wichtl and Bisset, 1994). The material used in Indian Ayurvedic and
Unani medicines grows in the temperate Himalayas from five to twelve
thousand feet and in Tibet, though it is also imported (Kapoor, 1990;
Karnick, 1994; Nadkarni, 1976).
Dandelion has a long
history of traditional use in many systems of medicine in the
treatment of hepatobiliary problems. The root is traditionally used
to treat liver and spleen ailments (Bradley, 1992; Leung and Foster,
1996). The genus name Taraxacum is derived from the Greek taraxos
(disorder), and akos (remedy). The name dandelion is derived from its
original Greek genus name leontodon, meaning lion's teeth. Its use in
traditional Arabian medicine is first mentioned in the tenth century
C.E. (Grieve, 1979). Dandelion root was formerly official in the
United States National Formulary (Leung and Foster, 1996). It is
official in the national pharmacopeias of Austria and the Czech
Republic, and also in the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia, the British Herbal
Pharmacopoeia, the British Herbal Compendium, the German
Pharmacopoeial Codex, the German Standard License, and the Commission
E (BAnz, 1998; BHP, 1996; Bradley, 1992; Braun, 1991; DAC, 1986;
Karnick, 1994; Meyer-Buchtela, 1999; Newall et al., 1996; AB, 1981;
Wichtl and Bisset, 1994). ESCOP has also published monographs on the
leaf and root (ESCOP, 1997).
Its uses in North
American aboriginal medicines are well documented. The Iroquois
people prepared infusions and decoctions of the root and herb to
treat kidney disease, dropsy, and dermatological problems (Herrick,
1977). The Ojibwe people of Wisconsin prepared an infusion of the
root to treat heartburn (Smith, 1932). The Rappahannock people of the
eastern United States prepared an infusion of the root as a blood
tonic and to treat dyspepsia (Speck et al., 1942). The Bella Coola
people of British Columbia prepared a decoction of the roots as an
analgesic and to treat stomach pain (Smith, 1929).
In Germany, dandelion
root with herb is licensed as a standard medicinal tea to treat
biliary disorders, digestive and gastrointestinal complaints, and to
stimulate diuresis. Dandelion herb and dandelion root with herb are
also approved in the Commission E monographs. Dosage forms, including
aqueous decoction and infusion, expressed juice of fresh plant, and
hydroalcoholic tincture are used as monopreparations and integral
components of about fifty prepared cholagogue, biliary,
gastrointestinal, and urological remedies (BAnz, 1998; Bradley, 1992;
Braun, 1991; Meyer-Buchtela, 1999; Schilcher, 1997; Wichtl and
Bisset, 1994). In the United States, dandelion root and leaf
preparations are used as choleretic, diuretic, and tonic components
in a wide range of compound dietary supplement and health food
products.
The approved modern
therapeutic applications for dandelion are supportable based on its
long history of use in well established systems of traditional
medicine, phytochemical investigations, and pharmacological studies
in animals. For a comprehensive review, see Hobbs (1985).
Pharmacopeial grade
dandelion leaf must be composed of the dried leaves collected before
flowering. It must contain not less than 20% water-soluble
extractive, among other quantitative standards. Botanical identity
must be confirmed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) as well as by
macroscopic and microscopic examinations (BHP, 1996; Wichtl and
Bisset, 1994). The ESCOP monograph requires the material to comply
with the British Herbal Pharmacopoeia (ESCOP, 1997).
Pharmacopeial grade
dandelion root must be composed of the dried root and rhizome
collected in the autumn when its inulin content is the highest.
Histochemical detection of inulin is carried out. The root must
contain not less than 40% water-soluble extractive with reference to
the oven-dried material, among other quantitative standards.
Botanical identity must be confirmed by TLC as well as by macroscopic
and microscopic examinations (BHP, 1996; DAC, 1986; Karnick, 1994;
Wichtl and Bisset, 1994). The Austrian Pharmacopoeia additionally
requires a bitterness value of not less than 100 ( AB, 1981; Wichtl
and Bisset, 1994). The ESCOP monograph requires the material to
comply with both the Austrian Pharmacopoeia and the British Herbal
Pharmacopoeia (ESCOP, 1997).
Description
Dandelion root with herb
consists of the entire plant Taraxacum officinale G. H. Weber ex
Wiggers s.l. [Fam. Asteraceae], gathered while flowering, and its
preparations in effective dosage. Ingredients include the bitter
principles lactucopicrin (taraxacin), triterpenoids, and phytosterol.
Chemistry and
Pharmacology
Dandelion root contains
sesquiterpene lactones (eudesmanolides and germacranolides);
triterpenes (b-amyrin, taraxol, and taraxerol); carbohydrates (inulin
2% in spring and up to 40% in autumn); carotenoids (lutein); fatty
acids (myristic); flavonoids (apigenin and luteolin); minerals
(potassium 1.8–4.5%); phenolic acids (caffeic acid and chlorogenic
acid); phytosterols (sitosterol, stigmasterol, and taraxasterol);
sugars (fructose approx. 18% in spring); vitamins (vitamin A up to
14,000 iu/100g); choline; mucilage (approx. 1.1%); and pectin
(Bradley, 1992; Budavari, 1996; ESCOP, 1997; Leung and Foster, 1996;
List and Hˆrhammer, 1979; Newall et al., 1996; Wichtl and Bisset,
1994).
The Commission E reported
choleretic, diuretic, and appetite-stimulating activities. The
British Herbal Compendium reported bitter, cholagogue, and mild
laxative actions (Bradley, 1992). The British Herbal Pharmacopoeia
reports its action as hepatic (BHP, 1996). The root contains
sesquiterpene lactones beneficial to the digestion process and with a
mild purgative effect (Bradley, 1992). Oral administration of
dandelion extracts had a diuretic effect in rats and mice (Newall et
al., 1996). Intravenous injection of fresh dandelion root decoction
doubled the volume of bile secretion in dogs (ESCOP, 1997). The
choleretic effect of dandelion root has been confirmed (Bradley,
1992).
Uses
The Commission E approved
the internal use of dandelion root with herb for disturbances in bile
flow, stimulation of diuresis, loss of appetite, and dyspepsia. The
British Herbal Compendium indicates its use for hepato-biliary
disorders, dyspepsia, lack of appetite, and rheumatic conditions
(Bradley, 1992). ESCOP indicates its use for restoration of hepatic
and biliary function, dyspepsia, and loss of appetite (ESCOP, 1997).
The German Standard License for dandelion decoction indicates its use
for biliary disorders, gastrointestinal complaints such as a feeling
of distension and flatulence, digestive complaints, and to stimulate
diuresis (Wichtl and Bisset, 1996).
Contraindications
Obstruction of bile
ducts, gallbladder empyema, ileus. In case of gallstones, use only
after consultation with a physician.
Side Effects
As with all drugs
containing bitter substances, discomfort due to gastric hyperacidity
may occur.
Use During
Pregnancy and Lactation
No restrictions known.
Interactions with
Other Drugs
None known.
Dosage and
Administration
Unless otherwise
prescribed: 3–4 g of cut or powdered root and herb three times
daily.
[Ed.
Note: The decoction instructions in the German Standard License
monograph are as follows: Boil
1–2
teaspoonfuls (2.4–4.4 g) and strain after 15 minutes, twice daily
in the morning and evening.]
Infusion: Steep 1
tablespoon cut root and herb in 150 ml water.
Dry native extract
4:1 (w/w): 0.75–1 g.
Fluidextract 1:1
(g/ml): 3–4 ml.
Tincture: 10–15
drops, three times daily.
[Ed.
Note: The Commission E-recommended tincture dosage of 10–15 drops,
three times daily, does not correlate closely with the Commission E
daily dosage of 3–4 g dried root and herb. No justification can be
found in the literature for such a low tincture dosage, in drops as
opposed to milliliters. Most herbal references recommend 5–10 ml,
three times daily, which relates to the Commission E daily dosage of
3–4 g dried root.]
References
BAnz.
See Bundesanzeiger.
Bradley,
P.R. (ed.). 1992.
British Herbal Compendium, Vol. 1. Bournemouth:
British Herbal Medicine Association. 73–75.
Braun,
R. (ed.). 1991. Standardzulassungen f r Fertigarzneimittel— mit 7.
Erg‰nzung. Stuttgart: Deutscher Apotheker Verlag.
British
Herbal Pharmacopoeia (BHP). 1996. Exeter, U.K.: British Herbal
Medicine Association.
Budavari,
S. (ed.). 1996. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals,
Drugs, and Biologicals, 12th ed. Whitehouse Station, N.J.: Merck &
Co, Inc.
Bundesanzeiger
(BAnz). 1998. Monographien der Kommission E (Zulassungs- und
Aufbereitungskommission am BGA f r den humanmed. Bereich,
phytotherapeutische Therapierichtung und Stoffgruppe). Kˆln:
Bundesgesundheitsamt (BGA).
Deutscher
Arzneimittel-Codex (DAC). 1986. 3rd suppl. Stuttgart: Deutscher
Apotheker Verlag.
ESCOP.
1997. "Taraxaci herba" and "Taraxaci radix."
Monographs on the Medicinal Uses of Plant Drugs. Exeter, U.K.:
European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy.
Grieve,
M. 1979. A Modern Herbal. New York: Dover Publications, Inc.
Herrick,
J.W. 1977. Iroquois
Medical Botany. Ann
Arbor, MI: University Microfilms International. 476–478.
Hobbs,
C. 1985. Dandelion: A Monograph. Portland, OR: Eclectic Medical
Publications.
Kapoor,
L.D. 1990. Handbook
of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants. Boca Raton: CRC Press. 316.
Karnick,
C.R. 1994. Pharmacopoeial
Standards of Herbal Plants, Vols. 1–2. Delhi:
Sri Satguru Publications. Vol.
1:335–336; Vol. 2:47.
Leung,
A.Y. and S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients
Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley &
Sons, Inc.
List,
P.H. and L. Hˆrhammer (eds.). 1979.
Hagers Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vol. 6.
Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer Verlag. 16–21.
Meyer-Buchtela,
E. 1999. Tee-Rezepturen—Ein Handbuch f r Apotheker und ƒrzte.
Stuttgart: Deutscher Apotheker Verlag.
Nadkarni,
K.M. 1976. Indian
Materia Medica. Bombay: Popular Prakashan. 786.
Newall,
C.A., L.A. Anderson, J.D. Phillipson. 1996. Herbal Medicines: A
Guide for Health-Care Professionals. London: The Pharmaceutical
Press.
Osterreichisches
Arzneibuch, Vols. 1–2, 1st suppl. ( AB). 1981–1983. Wien: Verlag
der sterreichischen Staatsdruckerei.
Schilcher,
H. 1997. Phytotherapy in Paediatrics: Handbook for Physicians and
Pharmacists. Stuttgart: Medpharm Scientific Publishers. 139,
164–165.
Smith,
H.H. 1932. Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians. Bulletin of the Public
Museum of Milwaukee 4:327–525.
Smith,
H.I. 1929. Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neigh Tribes of
British Columbia. BC: National Museum of Canada Bulletin. 56:47–68.
Speck,
F.G., R.B. Hassrick, E.S. Carpenter. 1942. Rappahannock Herbals,
Folk-lore and Science of Cures. Proc Del County Inst Sci 10:7–55.
Wichtl,
M. and N.G. Bisset (eds.). 1994.
Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. Stuttgart: Medpharm
Scientific Publishers.
Additional
Resources
Baba,
K., S. Abe, D. Mizuno. 1981. [Antitumor activity of hot water
extract of dandelion, Taraxacum officinale—correlation between
antitumor activity and timing of administration] [In Japanese].
Yakugaku Zasshi 101(6):538–543.
British
Pharmaceutical Codex (BPC). 1949. London: The Pharmaceutical Press.
Broda,
B. and E. Andrzejewska. 1966. Choline content in some medicinal
plants. Farm Polska 22(3):181–184.
Burrows,
S. and J.C.E. Simpson. 1938. The Triterpene Group. Part IV. The
triterpene alcohols of Taraxacum root. J
Chem Soc 2042–2047.
Chabrol,
E. et al. 1931. L'action cholÈrÈtique des ComposÈe. CR
Soc Biol 108:1100–1102.
Czygan,
F.C. 1990. Taraxacum officinale Wiggers—Der Lˆwenzahn. Z
Phytother 11:99–102.
Deutsches
Arzneibuch, 9th ed. (DAB 9). 1986. Stuttgart: Deutscher Apotheker
Verlag.
Faber,
K. 1958. Der Lˆwenzahn—Taraxacum officinale Weber. Pharmazie
13:423–436.
Hansel,
R., M. Kartarahardja, J.T. Huang, F. Bohlmann. 1980.
Sesquiterpenlacton-b-D-glucopyranoside sowie ein neues Eudesmanolid
aus Taraxacum officinale. Phytochem 19:857–861.
Harnischfeger,
G. and H. Stolze. 1983. Bew‰hrte Pflanzendrogen in Wissenschaft
und Medizin. Bad
Homburg/Melsungen: Notamed Verlag. 242–249.
Hook,
I., A. McGee, M. Henman. 1993.
Evaluation of Dandelion for diuretic activity and variation in
potassium content. Int
J Pharmacog 31:29–34.
Kuusi,
T., H. Pyysalo, K. Autio. 1985.
The bitterness properties of dandelion II. Chemical investigations.
Lebensm Wiss Technol 18:347–349.
McGuffin,
M. (ed.). 1998. Herbs of Commerce, 2nd ed. [Draft 3.3]. Bethesda:
American Herbal Products Association.
Nadkarni,
K.M. 1993. Indian Materia Medica. Bombay: Popular Prakashan.
1195–1196.
Pirtkien,
R., E. Surke, G. Seybold. 1960. Comparative studies on the
choleretic action of various drugs in the rat. Med Welt 1417–1422.
Popov,
A.I. and K.G. Gromov. 1993. Mineral components of dandelion leaves.
Vopr Pitan (3):57–58.
Rocz-Kotilla,
E., G. R cz, A. Solomon. 1974. The action of Taraxacum officinale
extracts on the body weight and diuresis of laboratory animals.
Planta Med 26(3):212–217.
Rocz-Kotilla,
E., J. Bodon, Tˆlgyesi. 1978. Determination of the mineral content
of 41 medicinal plant species by chemotaxonomical and biochemical
observations. Herba Hung 17:43–54.
Rudenskaya,
G.N. et al. 1998. Taraxalisin—a serine proteinase from dandelion
Taraxacum officinale Webb. s.l. FEBS Lett 437(3):237–240.
Rutherford,
P.P. and A.C. Deacon. 1972. Fructofuranosidases from roots of
dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber). Biochem J 126(3):569–573.
———.
1972. The mode of action of dandelion root-fructofuranosidases on
inulin. Biochem J 129(2):511–512.
Smith,
G.W. 1973. Arctic Pharmacognosia. Arctic 26:324–333.
Vogel,
H.H. and R. Schaette. 1977. Phytotherapeutische Reflexionen.
Betrachtungen ber Silybum marianum (Carduus marianus), Taraxacum
officinale, Cichorium intybus, Bryonia alba et dioica, Viscum album
und ihre Beziehungen zur Leber. Erfahrungsheilkunde
26:347–355.
Weiss,
R.F. 1991. Lehrbuch der Phytotherapie, 7th ed. Stuttgart:
Hippokrates Verlag. 162–163.
Williams,
C.A., F. Goldstone, J. Greenham. 1996. Flavonoids, cinnamic acids
and coumarins from the different tissues and medicinal preparations
of Taraxacum officinale. Phytochemistry 42(1):121–127.
Note
This
material was adapted from The Complete German Commission E
Monographs.
The dosage
for equivalent preparations (tea infusion, fluidextract, and
tincture) have been provided based on the following example:
Unless otherwise
prescribed: 2 g per day of [powdered, crushed, cut or whole] [plant
part]
Infusion: 2 g in 150
ml of water
Fluidextract 1:1
(g/ml): 2 ml
Tincture 1:5 (g/ml):
10 ml
The
References and Additional Resources sections are new sections.
Additional Resources are not cited in the monograph but are included
for research purposes.
Taraxacum officinale Eclectic Monography
Introduction
Taraxacum is known throughout the world
and has a long history of use as both food and medicine. The
botanical name Taraxacum is from the Greek, taraxos (disorder) and
achos (remedy). The common name Dandelion, comes from the French,
Dent-de-lion, or teeth of the lion, referring to the tooth-like edges
of the leaves. KIng’s American Dispensatory reports its long use in
the treatment of disorders of the liver and gallbladder, as well as
its diuretic action useful in edema, and mild laxative action in
constipation. Dandelion is high in potassium making it useful as a
potassium sparing diuretic. Weiss notes its use as a cleansing spring
tonic, nutritious and stimulating to the liver and kidneys. Weiss
also reports the use of dandelion in the prevention and treatment of
gallbladder disease. Modern research has confirmed Dandelion’s
ability to enhance the flow of bile and its strong diuretic action.
Description
Taraxacum is found worldwide,
frequenting fields, gardens and yards. A perennial plant, it flowers
from April to November. The dark green, hairless, toothed leaves have
prominent veins and grow directly from the tap root, as does the
hollow flower stalk. The flower is bright yellow. What appear to be
petals are actually individual flowers, a characteristic of the
compositae family that Dandelion is a member of. Each of the little
flowers forms a seed with fluffy bristles allowing the seed to float
in the wind to be scattered. The tap root is yellowish or brown and
fleshy. The whole plant has a milky white juice and a bitter taste
that becomes stronger with age. All parts of the plant are used.
Constituents
* Sesquiterpene lactones
* Triterpenes and sterols including
taroxol, taraxerol and B-sitosterol
* Phenolic acids including caffeic acid
* Flavonoids
* Polysaccharides including glucans,
mannans and inulin
* Carotenoids (higher than carrots)-
~14000 IU per 100 grams
* Protein, Sugar, Pectin
* Choline
* Potassium- up to 5%
Action/Effects
* Diuretic- leaf has stronger effect
(1)
* Cholegogue (stimulates bile flow) (3)
* Laxative (2)
* Digestive bitter (2)
Conditions used for
* Edema, water retention (1)
* Constipation (2)
* Digestive disturbances including
dyspepsia and loss of appetite (2,3)
Dosage
* Liquid extract- 1-2 teaspoons three
times a day
* Freeze-dried or dried- 300-450 mg
three times a day
* Fresh plant juice- 1 tablespoon twice
a day
Food Use
* Young dandelion leaves make an
excellent spring green. When young and tender, they are delicious
fresh in a salad. In fact, there are cultivated varieties of
dandelion sold specifically as greens.
* Dandelion wine is made from the
flowers allowed to ferment with sugar and yeast. An aperitif can be
made with the flowers, sugar and vodka for a nice digestive
stimulant.
* Dandelion root can be dried and
roasted to be used as a coffee substitute.
Side Effects
* May cause loose stool in large doses.
Contraindications
* Peptic ulcer or gastritis
* Diarrhea
* Gallstones
* Acute inflammation of
gastrointestinal tract or gallbladder
* Allergy to dandelion or related
plants
* Psoriasis
Interactions with medications
* Do not use with other diuretics
* May interfere with the action of
medications that are metabolized in the liver.
Use in pregnancy & lactation
* Safe for use in pregnancy and
lactation
References
1. Racz-Kotilla E et al,
The action of Taraxacum officinale extracts on body weight and
diuresis of laboratory animals, Planta Med 1974; 26:212-17
2. Kuusi T et al, The
bitterness properties of dandelion, Lebensm-Wiss Tachnol
1985;18:347-49
3. Buhm K, Choleretic
action of some medicinal plants, Arzneim-Forsch Drug Res
1959;9:376-78
The Eclectic PhysicianMedicinal Herb
Monographs A Journal of Alternative Medicine. May 7, 2004
Löwenzahn / Paardenbloem uit Tabernaemontanus
1625
VON DEM PFAFFENBLATT ODER
RÖHRLEINKRAUT
Dess
Röhrleinkrauts oder Löwenzahns haben wir drey Geschlecht/ under
welchen doch nur die zwey erstgesetzten Geschlecht in der Artzeney
gebrauchet werden
Das erste Geschlecht welches
bey uns gemeiniglich Röhrleinskraut genannt wirdt/ hat ein weisse
und schlechte Wurtzel mit wenig Zaseln/ der Wegwartwurtzel ähnlich/
aussgenommen dass diese Milch gibt/ und am Geschmack auch bitterer
dann die Wegwart. Jm Anfang dess Frühlings erzeigen sich die
Bletter/ die ligen auff der Erden gerings herumb aussgespreytet/ die
seyndt zu beyden Seiten zerspalten unnd aussgeschnitten wie die
Bletter der Wegwarten/ seyndt doch grösser/ linder unnd ein wenig
haarechtig/ die Kerffen vergleichen sich den grössern Segenzähnen.
Die Rippen so durch die Bletter gehen/ seyndt gegen die Wurtzel
Purpurroht. Jn dem Aprillen stossen mitten auss dem Kraut von der
Wurtzel herfür/ lange/ zarte/ runde/ glatte und braunlechtige
Röhrlein/ die seyndt einer Spannen lang/ innwendig hol/ voller
Milch/ Strohalmens dick. Auff den Gipffeln der Röhrlein wachsen
grüne/ gebartete/ runde Knöpfflein/ darauss werden schöne/
gefüllte/ wolriechende Blumen/ gestalltet wie gemahlte schöne
Sonnen/ die wehren oder bleiben nicht lang/ sondern werden
haarechtige runde unnd wollechtige Köpfflein darauss/ die fliegen so
baldt sie vom Lufft beweget werden/ darvon/ das ist der Samen dieses
Gewächs/ als dann stehen die Röhrlein mit den weissen/ blossen/
runden Platten ledig/ wie die beschorne Monchsköpff oder
Pfaffenblatten. Jm Meyen verwelcken die Röhrlein sampt jhren
Nönchsblatten/ doch bleibet das Kraut/ wächset grösser/ unnd ist
den gantzen Sommer biss in den Winter hineyn zu finden. Das gantze
Gewächs wann es verwundet wirdt/ gibt es ein bittere Milch. Es
wächset in den Grassgärten/ dessgleichen neben den Strassen an
grassechtigen Rechen der Acker/ Weinberg/ und andern dergleichen
Orten.
ll. Das zweyt Geschlecht hat viel
bollechtiger Wurtzeln/ die seynd den Affodillwurtzeln fast ähnlich/
aussgenommen dass sie kleiner seynd/ und schier gestalltet wie die
Rettichschöttlein/ Die Blettlein seynd kleiner und nicht so tieff
zerspalten/ ein wenig grauwblauw unnd haarechtig/ die ligen wie die
vorigen auff der Erden aussgespreytet/ der wilden Wegwarten nicht
fast ungleich/ alleyn dass sie breyter seynd. Sonst ist es mit den
dünnen Röhrlein die es hat an statt der Stengel dem Röhrleinkraut
nicht ungleich/ darauff wachsen im Brachmonat und Hewmonat schöne
bleychgeele Blumen/ die seynd grösser dann die Eyerblumen/ die
werden auch zu haarechtigen/ weissen Köpfflein/ und wann der Wind
dahinder kompt/ so fliehen sie davon wie die Wollechtige Knöpfflein
der Pfaffenröhrlein. Der Geschmack dieses Krauts ist bitter mit
einer schärpffe/ dem Geschmack dess Pfaffenröhrleins gleich. Es
wächst umb Mompelier/ dessgleichen in der Provintz Franckreich unnd
in Languedock häuffig/ in den Wiesen und grassechtigen Orten/ unnd
wird allein in unserm Teutschland in den Lustgärten gepflantzet.
lll. Das dritte Geschlecht ist mit der Wurtzeln dem ersten Geschlecht
der Wegwarten gleich/ die Bletter seynd lang/ zerschnitten/ der zamen
Wegwarten ähnlich/ der Stengel wird Elen hoch unnd auch höher: mit
vielen Nebenästlein oder zweiglein/ die Blumen seynd geel wie die
Blummen dess Röhrleinkraut s/ die werden zu wollechtigen Köpfflein/
unnd fliehen darvon/ wie die Blumen aller obgemelter Geschlechter.
Dieses Kraut wächst in den Wiesen und feuchten Grassechtigen Rechen
unnd Gründen/ der Geschmack ist bitter wie der obgemelten.
Von den
Namen der Löwenzähn unnd Röhrleinskreuter
Das Röhrleinkraut oder Löwenzahn wird von PLINIO Lateinisch genannt
APHAVA und HEDYPONIS. Von den Kreutlern/ APHACA THEOPHRASTI, zu dem
underscheid APHACAE DIOSCORIDIS, welches ein ander Gewächs ist unnd
mit diesem keine gemeinschafft nicht hat. Jtem/ SERIS VRINARIA, und
auch VRINARIA, und HERBA VRINARIA, dieweil es treffentlich viel
harnen machet/ SERIS SOMNIVERA, sintemal es ein sanfften Schlaff
bringet/ CORONA MONARCHI, unnd CORONA FACERDOTIS, ROSTRUM PORCINUM,
von ARNOLDO VILLANOUANO HERBA IMPERATORIS, und von andern DENS
LEONIS, der Bletter halben die den spitzen Zähnen gleich seynd.Die
gemeinen unerfahrnen Practicanten nennens fälschlich TARAXACON, oder
ALTA TARAXACON, so doch diser Name der Wegwarten gebüret/ wie das
auss SERAPIONE und AUICENNA in dem vergangenen Capitel von der
Wegwarten erwiesen ist/ dann das DIOSCORIDES INTYBUM SYLVESTREM
nennet/ dz ist bey den gemeldten Authoren/ TARAXACON oder
ALTARAXACON.
Hochteutsch/ Röhrleinkraut/
Pfaffenkraut/ Pfaffenblatt/ Säuwrüssel/ Säuwschnabel/ Säuwblum/
Pfaffenstiel/ Pfaffenröhrlein/ Hundsblum/ Pippauw/ Eyerblum/
Mönchsblatt/ Pastemen oder Postemenröhrlein/ Weglattich/
Wiesenlattich/ Hundslattich/ das ist LACTUCA CANINA, und Merzenblum.
Jn Hessenland/ Sommerdorn/ von wegen der kleinen Stacheln unnd im
Schweitzerland Wyenschwantz.
Das zweyte
Geschlecht/ wirdt heutiges Tages von den Kreutlern DENS LEONIS
MOMPELIACA genannt/ nicht allein darumb dass es bey Mompelier und in
der Provintz Franckreich wächset/ sondern auch dass es von den
MEDICIS zu Mompelier vor den DENTEM LEONIS gebraucht wird. Von PETRO
ANDREA MATTHIOLO wird es CICHORIUM CONSTANTINOPOLITANUM genannt/
sintemal es erstlich von Constantinopel in diese Landt kommen soll
seyn: Andere nennen es CICHORIUM BIZANTINUM umb gemeldter Ursach
willen/ unnd CICHORIUM BULBOSUM, Etliche aber CICHORIUM POLLYRHIZON,
von wegen der vielen Wurtzeln/ wir nennens CICHORIUM ASPHODELINUM.
Hochteutsch/ Constantinopolitanisch unnd Türckisch Wegwart/ das ist/
cICHORIUM TURCICUM.
lll. Das dritte
Geschlechtwird von etlichen under die geelen Wegwarten gerechnet/ hat
keinen besondern Namen von den Kreutlern/ dann dass es DENS LEONIS
lll genannt wird/ dabey wir es auch bleiben lassen.
Von der
Natur/ Krafft/ Wirckung und Eygenschafft der Löwenzähnkreuter
Es haben die Röhrleinkreuter ein Krafft und Eygenschafft zu külen/
und zu trucknen/ wie die Wegwarten/ doch trucknen sie etwas mehr von
wegen jhrer Bitterkraut/ darmit sie die Wegwart ubertrifft/ sie
reyniget und eröffnet darneben sonderlich aber unser gemein
Pfaffenröhrlein/ und nach dem die Türckisch Wegwart/ wie solches
dann auch heutiges Tages zu Mompelier vor den rechten Löwenzahn/ von
den Gelehrten gebraucht wird/ unnd zum letzten das dritte Geschlecht/
geeler Wiesenlöwenzahn genannt.
Jnnerlicher
Gebrauch dess Röhrleinkrauts
Es wird das gemein Röhrleinkrautheutiges Tags auch in der Speiss
unnd sonderlich zu den Saläten gebraucht/ darmit aber solches auch
von wegen seiner bitterkeit/ zu der speiss anmütiger werde/ so
pflegt mans weiss zu machen wie das Endivien und Wegwartenkraut/
dardurch es dann seine Bitterkeit verleuret. Solches mag nutzlich in
allen oberzehlten Krankheiten wie von der Wegwart unnd der Endivien
meldung geschehen ist in der Kost genützet werden/ sonderlich aber
in den alten/ faulen Febern/ in dem grünen Siechtagen unnd der
Wassersucht.
Es wird von dem ARNOLDO sonderlich
hoch gelobet wider dz Gegicht oder hinfallende Kranckheit/ derwegen
sie nit allein in der Speiss/ sonder auch billich in den Artzneyen
solle gebraucht werden/ sintemal die Erfahrung bezeuget/ dass sie
in
gemeltem fall heylsam ist/ auff alle manier
genützet.
Das Kraut und Wurtzel frisch
zerschnitten und darnach in einem Mörsel gestossen/ den Safft
aussgedruckt/ und desselbigen genommen sechszehen untzen/ und alten
roten Rosenzucker vi.untzen/ solches uber einen linden glut zerlassen
und ein wall oder drey auffsieden lassen/ darnach durchgesiegen/ ist
ein heylsame Artzeney wider das Blutspeyhen/ so man Morgens unnd
Abends/ jedesmal fünff oder sechs loth eynnimbt.
Der geläuterte Safft von dem Kraut und Wurtzel/ ist ein gebenedeyte
Artzeney wider die hitzige entrichtung und brunst dess Magens und der
Leber/ eröffnet darneben die verstopffung derselben/ vertreibt die
Geelsucht/ den grünen Siechtagen/ unnd verhütet die Wassersucht/
täglichen dess Morgens nüchtern vi.loth getruncken: dienet auch
wider alle Feber/ unnd sonderlich wider das drittägig Feber.
Wider das drittägig Feber/ mach folgenden Tranck: Nimb
Röhrleinkraut/ mit der Wurtzel zwo Handvoll/ Cardenbenedictenkraut
anderthalb Handvoll/ Genserichkraut eine Handvoll: Diese Kreuter nimb
grün oder dürr/ zerschneide sie klein/ thue sie in ein bequeme
Kannten/ schütt darüber ein Mass frisch Brunnenwasser/ thu darzu
sechs loth guten Feinzucker/ verlutier die Kannten wol mit einem
Rockenteyg/ setz sie in ein Kessel mit Wasser/ lasse darinn vier
Stunden in einem stäten Sud sieden/ darnach seihe den Tranck ab
durch ein Tuch/ unnd gib allen Morgen unnd Abend/ jedesmal vier
Untzen darvon zu trincken.
Oder nimb
Röhrleinkraut und Wurtzel vier Handtvoll/ guten Feinzucker sechs
loth/ zerschneide das Kraut klein/ thue es mit dem Zucker in ein
Kannten/ schütte daruber ein mass gutes Cardenbenedictenwasser/
verlutier die Kannten/ unnd lasse solches vier Stunden sieden/ seihe
es durch/ gib darvon allen Morgen und Abend drey untzen warm zu
trincken/ es ist eine edle Artzney und besonders Experiment.
Oder nimb frische Röhrleinkrautwurtzeln/ gereynigt unnd
zerschnitten/ stosse die klein wie ein Muss in einem Steininen
Mörsel/ darnach schütte zwo oder drey untzen Cardenbenedictenwasser
daruber/ zerreibs/ seihe es durch ein Tuch drucks hart auss und gibs
auff einmal zu trincken/ wann jhnen das Feber bald anstossen wil/
lass jhnen darauff nider liegen und warm zudecken und schwitzen. Das
sol er etlichmal thun/ so wird er dess Febers bald ohne einige Gefahr
loss werden: Dienet nicht allein wider das Tertian Feber/ sondern
auch wider Quartan/ Quotidian und andere Feber so zu gewisser zeit
den Menschen pflegen anzustossen.
Röhrleinkraut
mit Linsen gesotten und eyngenommen/ vertreibt den roten Leberfluss/
oder die rote Ruhr.
Röhrleinkraut geläuterten
Safft je uber den andern Tag fünff oder sechs loth getruncken/
dienet wider den Samenfluss. Das thut auch das Kraut unnd Wurtzel
auff alle Manier/ in Speiss/ Tranck oder Artzeney gebraucht.
Röhrleinkraut unnd Wurtzel in gutem Weinessig den drittentheil
eyngesotten/ und die durchgesiegene Brühe Morgens und Abends/
jedesmal ein gemeinen Tischbecher voll warm getruncken/ vertreibet
die Harnwind/ tröpfflingen harnen/ unnd bringet wider den
verstandenen Harn.
Wann ein Rossz unlustig ist/
und sein Futter nicht essen mag/ so schneide jhm frischRöhrleinkraut/
unnd gib es jhme under seinem Futter zu essen/ so wird es lustig und
auch wol dardurch gereyniget. Lege jhm auch Röhrleinkraut in sein
Wasser und lasse daruber trincken.
Wann ein
Rossz nicht stallen kan: So nimb Röhrleinkraut und Wurtzel vier
guter Handtvoll/ schneide die klein/ und seuds in halb Wein und Essig
dass es zusammen ein Mass seye/ zum halben theil ein/ seihe es durch
ein Tuch und drucke das Kraut unnd Wurtzel hart auss/ schütte es dem
Gaul durch ein Horn eyn.
Es wird heutiges Tages
das Röhrleinkraut auch höchlich gelobet allerhand Wunden zu heylen/
derowegen es auch von den rechtgeschaffenen Wundärtzten zu den
Wundträncken gebraucht wird/ unnd ist aber nachfolgender Wundtranck
zu allen gehauwenen unnd gestochenenWunden fast heylsam unnd
erfahren/ den bereyte wie folget: Nimb Röhrleinkraut zwo Handvoll/
Benedictenkrautwurtzel anderthalb Handtvoll/ Ehrenpreyss/ Schadheyl/
Balsamöpffelkraut MOMORDICA genannt/ gülden Heylwurtzkraut/ jedes
eine Handvoll/ Agrimonien/ rot Fingerhutkraut unnd Blumen/
Erdtbeerkraut/ Tausendtschönkraut/ Apostostemenkraut/
Schlüsselblumenkraut/ Sanct Peterskraut mit der Wurtzel/ jedes ein
halbe Handvoll. Alle gemelte Stück soll man klein schneiden/ wol
vermischen/ unnd in zwey gleiche Theil abwiegen/ darnach ein Theil in
eine Kannten thun/ daruber schütten guten frischen Weins unnd frisch
Brunnenwasser/ jedes ein halb Mass/ ferner auch darzu thunein
Vierling Zucker/ folgens den Ranfft der Kannten wol verlutieren und
die in einen Kessel mit siedendem Wasser vier Stunden lang in stäter
hitz sieden lassen/ darnach lassen kalt werden/ und den Tranck durch
ein sauber Tuch abseihen/ denselben wol vermacht in einem külen Ort
verwahren. Von diesem Wundtranck soll man einem Verwundten allen
Morgen unnd Abend/ jedesmal vier oder fünff Löffel voll warm zu
trincken geben/ so wird er wunderbarliche hülff darvon spüren
Eusserlicher
Gebrauch dess Röhrleinkrauts
Wann man die dünnen Rörlein dess Pfaffenblats entzwey bricht/ gibt
es ein weissen Milchsafft/ derselbig vertreibet die Flecken der
Augen/ so man dess Tages zum wenigsten dreymal/ jedesmal ein par
Tröpfflein desselbigen in die Augen thut/ und erkläret das dunckel
Gesicht wunderbarlich.
Etliche ziehen das
Röhrleinkraut mit der Wurtzeln undersich auss/ schneiden darnach die
Wurtzel ab/ hencken dieselbigen an den Halss/ tragen sie also ein
zeitlang/ dass soll nicht allein die Flecken der Augen/ sondern auch
das rinnen derselben vertreiben.
Die andern
graben die Wurtzeln auss ohn einige superstition oder Heydnisches
Affenwerck/ schneiden die in neun stück unnd henckens neun Tag an
den Halss/ das soll nicht allein die Flecken in gemelter Zeit
verzehren/ sondern auch alle Gebrechen der Augen hinweg nemmen. Die
dritten hencken die Wurtzel also gantz oder nur ein Stück darvon an
Halss/ tragen die eine zeitlang/ und befinden gute besserung darvon/
wie ich dann solches selbst offtermals gesehen hab/ und ist nicht
ohne dass Gott der Allmächtige die Gewächs/ Wurtzeln/ Kreuter/
Stein und andere dergleichen ding reichlich gesegnet unnd jhnen in
erschaffung der Welt uund aller Creaturen/ wunderbarliche unnd
heymliche verborgene Kräfft unnd Wirckung eyngegossen oder gegeben
hat/ die ohn allen zweiffel unsern ersten Eltern vor dem sündlichen
Fall nicht unbewust gewesen/ aber hernachmals durch den Fall wider
verborgen worden seynd/ darvon wir etwann durch langwirige Erfahrung
nur ein wenig Schattens erlanget haben/ dass wir bekennen müssen
dass viel hheimlichkeit in der Natur verborgen/ die wir mit unseren
Sinnen von wegen dess Falls unnd der Sünd nicht begreiffen mögen/
sonst würde so uns solche Ding vollkommentlicher bewust/ der Mensch
schier unsterblich seyn: Aber der Teuffel der wie ein Aff alle ding
Gott dem HERREN nach thun will/ der verkehret alle gute Mittel Gottes
inn einen Aberglaubischen/ Heydnischen oder Jüdischen Missbrauch/ in
dem er mit gewissen Ceremonien/ Geberden/ besonderer zeit unnd andern
dergleichen Heydnischen unnd Teufflischen Fantaseyen die Menschen
verführt und verblendet/ dass sie also auss den guten Mitteln Gottes
einen Abgott machen/ und den Teuffelischen/ Aberglaubischen
Fantaseyen unnd Ceremonien mehr Krafft unnd Wirckungen zuschreiben/
dan gott dem HERREN der alle Mittel gut geschaffen/ so fern wir
dieselbig mit Dancksagung gebrauchen/ welches ein schreckliche Sünd
unnd sie alle Christen bey verlust jhrer Seeligkeit/ meiden und
fliehen sollen. Unnd soll sich derowegen niemand betriegen lassen/
dass offtermals solche Aberglaubische Mittel die Menschen helffen/
dann Gott der HERR solches auss gerechtem Urtheil von wegen unsers
Unglaubens verhenget/ und dem Teuffel grossen gewalt unnd macht gibt
uber die Kinder dess Unglaubens/ welches wir dann täglich erfahren/
dass solche zauberische Arzeneyen bey den Aberglaubischen Menschen
viel vermögen/ unnd bissweilen dem Menschlichen Leib grosse Hülff
thun/ darneben aber der Seelen tödlichen Schaden zufügen.
Dargegen auch so ein rechter frommer Christ unnd Feind dess
Aberglaubens solche unordenliche Mittel gebrauchet/ unnd sein
Hoffnung unnd vertrauwen auff Gott den HERREN und nicht auff die
Heydnische Aberglaubische Ceremonien unnd dess Teuffels betrieglich
Gaucklerwerck setzet/ jhme gar unnd nimmer nichts helffen. Dass aber
der Teuffel solche Besserung unnd Gesundheit dess Leibs bey den
Kindern dess Unglaubens kräfftiglich wircket/ unnd nicht Gott der
HERR/ haben wir tägliche Exempel/ deren wir nur eines erzehlen
wöllen/ welches zu unserer Zeit sich zugetragen. Es ist ein Weib in
der Stadt Rotweil gewesen/ die hat grosses Augenwehethumb ein lange
Zeit gehabt/ viel rahts darzu gebraucht/ unnd nichts helffen wöllen/
ist jhr letztlich ein Pergmenter Zedel gegeben worden/ den soll sie
an Halss hencken/ und ein zeitlang auff blosser Haut tragen/ so werde
jhr sach sich zur besserung schicken unnd dess grossen schmertzens
entlediget werden/ doch müsse sie einen guten glauben unnd
vertrauwen haben dass der Zedel jhr helffen werde: Die Frauw hat den
Zedel darauff angenommen unnd an Halss gehencket/ da hat sich jhre
Augenkräncke täglichen gebessert/ also dass sie in kurtzer Zeit gar
gesund geworden/ unnd jhr nichts gemangelt hat. Darauff hat sich nun
zugetragen dz ein ander altes Weib gleichfalls mit grossem
Augenschmertzen beladen worden/ Tag und Nacht ohne underlass keine
ruhe können haben/ darzu nicht gesehen können/ unnd nach dem sie
viel Mittel versucht unnd sie nichts helffen wöllen/ sondern der
Schmertzen von Tag zu Tag mehr zugenommen/ und gar hat erblinden
wöllen/ ist jhr angezeigt worden/ wie ein Weib zu Rotweil in der
Statt were/ die auch unleidlich gross Augenwehe erlitten/ viel Mittel
gebraucht/ aber es hette sie nichts helffen wöllen/ biss jhr endlich
etwas were gegeben worden dass sie an Halss hencken sollte/ und eine
zeitlang tragen/ so wird jhr geholffen werden/ dadurch sie dann in
kurtzer zeit der Schmertzen verlassen/ und sie jhr Gesicht wider
bekommen hette. Wie nun die gute Fraw dasselbig gehört/ hatte sie
nicht underlassen können nachfragens zu haben und dieselbig Frauw zu
jhr zu kommen freundlich bitten lassen/ welches jhr nicht
abgeschlagen worden. Als nun das gemelte alte Weib zu deren kommen
und jhren Mangel angehöret/ auch gebeten worden ist/ sie wölle jhr
doch das jenig so sie angehencket ein zeitlang leihen/ sie wölle es
jhr widerumb unversehret zustellen/ hat es jhr das ander Weib
verwegert/ sprechend es seye jhr so lieb dass sie es nicht von sich
gebe/ doch dieweil es nur ein Briefflein sey/ wölle sie es jhr
vergönnen abschreiben zu lassen/ doch müsse es auff ein Jungfrauwen
Pergament geschrieben werden/ darauff dz krancke Weib die verordnung
gethan/ dass sie ein stücklein dess Pergaments zu wegen gebracht/
und nach einem armen Schüler geschickt/ jhme das Zedlein geben
abzuschreiben und ein Pfennig oder vier zu schencken versprochen. Der
Schüler hat das Zedeleingenommen darinn nichts anders dann selzame
Character und unbekannte zauberische Wörter gestanden/ welche der
Schüler nicht verstanden oder nachschreiben hat können/ unnd hette
doch gerne die vier Pfennig verdienet/ nimpt also das Pergamen/ und
schreibt darauff/ Der Teuffel stech dieser alten Frauwen die Augen
auss und scheiss jhr in die Lucken/ wickelt das Zedelein zusammen und
gibt’s der Frawen/ nimbt seinen versprochenen Lohn und zeucht
darvon. Die gute Fraw nehet das Zedelein in ein Tüchlein/ hencket es
mit gutem Glauben unnd vertrawen darauff an den Halss wie jhr
befohlen war/ und trug es ein zeitlang/ da wurde der Frawen in
kurtzer zeit mit vieler Menschen verwunderung geholffen/ also dass
jedermann die gewisse Kunst begehret abzuschreiben/ und der Frawen
gute verehrungen darfür zu geben verheissen worden/ da aber dieses
Geheimnus offenbaret wurde/ begehret es niemand abzuschreiben/ hab
derowegen hie an diesem Ort nit underlassen wöllen diese warhafftige
HISTORIAM zu erzehlen/ darmit sich menniglich wisse vor solchen
verbottenen/ Heydnischen/ Aberglaubischen und Teuffelischen Mitteln
zu hüten/ dann es ist waren Christen viel besser und heylsamer/ dass
sie kranck seyen und bleiben wo jnen nicht mit natürlichen Mitteln
mag geholffen werden/ dann dass sie die Kranckheit mit verbottenen
und derengleichen erzehlten aberglaubischen mitteln/ zu Gottes dess
Herren schmach und schaden der Seelen vertreiben wollten/ welches
auch kein rechtsinniger Christlicher MEDICUS nimmermehr thun wird/
unnd sollen billich alle frommen ehrliebende und Gottselige MEDICI
jhnen die vermahnung MANTUANI an alle MEDICOS lassen angelegen seyn
und dieselbige zu Gemüt führen/ die also lautet:MEDICUS NON
CONSULAT EA, QUAE IN PERNICIEM VERGANT ANIMATUM. MELIUS EST
ENIM NOS SEMPER AEGROTARE, QUAM CUM DIE CONTUMELIIS SANOS ESSE.
Röhrleinkrautwurtzel am Halss auff blosser Haut
getragen/ vertreibt das drittägig Feber.
Röhrleinkraut frisch gestossen/ miltert das hitzig Zipperlein und
die Gliedsucht/ wie ein Pflaster ubergelegt/ das thut auch der
aussgeprest Safft/ leinine Tüchlein darinn genetzt/ und
ubergelegt.
Das grün Röhrleinkraut gestossen
und pflasterrsweiss ubergelegt/ leschet die Hitz der schwartzen
brennenden Blattern an den Beynen/ Brüsten/ Gemächten und andern
orten dess Leibs.
Oder mach nachfolgendes
Sälblein zu den gemeldten Blattern: Nimb Röhrleinkraut das grün
und frisch ist/ Rosenöle oder unzeitig Baumölen/ jedes xvi.untz.
stoss das Kraut klein/ thue es in ein Kesselein/ schütte das
Baumölen darüber/ lass sittiglich uber einer Glut sieden biss der
Safft dess Krauts gar verzehret ist/ darnach drucks hart auss durch
ein starckes unnd enges tuch/ zerlasse darinn vier untzen Wachs und
iii.untz Hirtzenunschlit/ lass darnach kalt werden/ thue ferner
dareyn viii.untzen gewäschenes Bleyweiss auss einem Rosenwasser/
ii.loth gewäschenes Silbergletsalles auff subtielest gepülvert/
unnd ii.Eyerweiss von frisch gelegten Eyern/ solches vermisch wol
durcheinander mit einem hültzenen Stösser/ biss das Eyerweiss wol
mit der Salben sich vereinbaret hat/ darnach behalts zum gebrauch.
Diese Salb dienet nicht allein wider die obgemelde hitzige Blattern/
sondern auch zu allen hitzigen Geschwulsten und Entzündungen.
Röhrleinkraut in Wasser/ Bier oder Wein gesotten/ unnd darmit die
Wunden unnd Schäden gewäschen/ reyniget und säubert dieselben/
unnd fürdert sie treffentlich zu der heylung.
Man macht auch auss dem Röhrleinkraut ein heylsames und edles gut
Wundtpflaster/ das alle frische Wunden gewaltig heylet/ und keine
Entzündung oder Wundtsucht darzu schlagen lasset/ das wirdt also
gemacht: Man nimpt dess frischen Röhrleinkrauts xvi. Untz/
Bachbungen/ junge Weidenbletter/ Sanickel/ Ackeleybletter/ Gundelreb/
spitzen Wegerich/ spitz Wundtkraut/ Branntlattich/ Egelkraut/ jedes
ii. Untz. Alle gemelte Kreuter sollen frisch unnd grün seyn/ die
soll man zerschneiden und klein stossen/ darzu thun frischen
Meybuttern/ Baumölen/ jedes xvi. Untz/ guten fürnen Wein xii. untz.
darnach in einem bequemen Kesselein uber einer Glut lassen sittiglich
sieden biss der Wein unnd alle Säfftigkeit der Kreuter verzehret
ist/ als dann soll mans hart mit einer Pressen aussdrucken. Wann das
geschehen soll man ferner darinn zergehen lassen/ Jungfrauwenwachs
xii. Untzen/ Pinhartz/ Terpentin oder Lerchenhartz/ jedes acht Untz/
Hirtzenunschlitt vier Untz. Wann diese zergangen soll mans lassen
kalt werden unnd allgemach rühren biss es kalt wirdt/ so hast du ein
fürtrefflich und heylsames Wundtpflaster/ welches mit dem
obgemeldten Wundtranck von dem Röhrleinkraut in heylung der Wunden
nicht mag verbessert werden.
Röhrleinkraut
oder Pfaffenblatt gedistilliert Wasser.
DENTIS
LEONIS AQUA STILLATITIA.
Das
Röhrleinkraut soll im Aprillen oder im anfang dess Meyens
gedistilliert werden/ wann es in seiner vollkommenen Blüth ist/ als
dann soll man Kraut und Blumen mit der Wurtzeln klein hacken/ und
distillieren durch VESICAM, wie wir gelehrnet habendas Endivien und
andere külende Wasser zu distillieren.
Jnnerlicher
Gebrauch dess Röhrleinkrautwassers
Röhrleinkrautwasser ist ein gute Artzeney wider das stechen in der
Seiten eröffnet die Verstopffung der Leber vertreibet die Geelsucht/
dienet wider den grünen Siechtagen unnd die hitzige Wassersucht/
dessgleichen wider alle hitzige Feber/ Tertian/ Quartan/ und die
Feber die von der Gallen kommen/ bringet ruhe/ machet schlaffen/ und
treibet den Harn gewaltiglich/ reyniget die Nieren/ Harngäng unnd
Blasen/ verbessert alle hitzige entrichtung/ aller innerlichen
Glieder dess Eingeweyds/ dess Morgens und Abendts/ jedesmal v. oder
sechs loth getruncken und den täglichen Tranck darmit gemischet: Jn
summa dieses Wasser mag in aller massen unnd gestalt allein vor sich
selbst/ oder mit Syrupen vermischt gebraucht werden/ wie das
Wegwarten oder Endivienwasser.
Etliche beytzen
das Röhrleinkraut acht tage in gutem fürnenem Wein/ darnach
distillieren sie es/ das gewinnt einen sauwrlechtigen Geschmack/ das
gebrauchen sie wider den fallenden Siechtagen/ unnd gebens eyn wann
diese Kranckheit den Menschen anfahen zu schütten/ und soll solchs
ein bewehrt Experiment seyn.
Eusserlicher
Gebrauch dess Röhrleinkrautwassers
Das Röhrleinkrautwasser dienet wider das Hauptwehethumb von Hitzen/
leschet die Hitz unnd Brunst der Leber/ zweyfache leinine Tücher
darinn genetzt/ und uber die Stirn/ Schläff unnd die Leber gelegt/
das zeucht die Hitz herauss unnd leget den Schmertzen/ so mans so
offt es trucken wirdt/ wider erfrischet.
Das
Röhrleinkrautwasser dienet wider die hitzigen unnd roten Augen/ unnd
vertreibet die Flecken darinnä/ jederweilen etliche Tröpfflein
dareyn gethan. Zu solchem Gebrauch nemmen etliche die Blumen allein
unnd distillieren die in BALNEO MARIAE.
Röhrleinkrautwasser vertreibet die roten Bläterlein im Angesicht/
leschet die Hitz unnd kület dasselbige/ machet auch ein lauter
Angesicht/ dasselbig offtermals darmit bestrichen unnd von jhm selber
lassen trucken werden.
Wider das hitzig
Hauptwehethumb: Nimb Röhrleinkrautwasser sechs Untzen/
Chamillenwasser zwo Untzen/ Rosenessig anderhalb Untzen/ Ganffer
zehen Gerstenkörner schwer/ temperier das durch einander/ netze
zweyfache leinine Tücher darinn/ unnd lege die lauwlechtig uber die
Stirn und beyde Schläff/ so offt sie auch trucken werden/ so
erfrische sie wider es wirdt die Hitz gewaltig aussziehen/ und den
schmertzen miltern.
Wider die entzündung der
Leber: Nimb Röhrleinkrautwasser viii. Untzen/ Endivienwasser vier
untz/ Rosenessig ii. untzen/ Bleywess i. Untz. Vermische solches
durcheinander/ netze ein zweyfach leinin Tuch dareyn/ unnd legs
lawlechtig uber die Leber/ und erfrisch es offt.
Röhrleinkrautwein.
HEDYPNOITES
oder VINUM EX DENTE LEONIS
Auss
dem Röhrleinkraut macht man ein herrlichen guten Wein/ darvon nimpt
man allein die Wurtzel/ wäscht unnd reyniget die/ darnach lässet
man sie trucken und dürr werden/ nimbt deren xxxii.Untzenstosset sie
groblechtig/ macht sie darnach eyn mit häselen Spähnen in ein
zwölff oder vierzehen mässiges Fässlein/ schläget dass Fässlein
zu/ füllets mit einem guten Most/ lasset den darüber verjähren/
und verwahret den uber Jahr wie ein andern Kreuterwein. Dieser Wein
eröffnet die Verstopffung der Leber/ vertreibet die Geelsucht/ den
grünen Siechtagen unnd die Wassersucht/ er dienet wider die
Harnwinde und tröpfflingen harnen/ ist ein heylsamer Tranck in den
Tertian/ Quartan und den alten faulen Magenfebern/ die jhren ursprung
von der Gallen unnd verstopffung der Leber haben.
Röhrleinkrautsyrup.
SYRUPUS
HEDYPNOIDIS, oder EX DENTE LEONIS
Der
Syrup von dem Röhrleinkraut wird von dem Safft dess Krauts und der
Wurtzeln also bereytet: Man nimbt dess aussgedruckten geläuterten
Saffts drey Pfundt/ weissen Feinzucker ii.Pfundt. Vermischet solche
unnd lassets in einem Kesselein uber einer linden Glut gemächlich zu
einem Syrup sieden/ wie wir solches hiebevor von dem Wegwartensyrup
gelehret haben.
Dieser Syrup wirdt zu allen
oben erzehlten innerlichen Kranckheiten heylsamlich gebrauchet/ unnd
ist in allen dingen kräfftiger unnd stärcker als der Wegwarten oder
Endivien Syrup.
Röhrleinkrautsaltz.
HEDYPNOIDIS
SAL
Das
Saltz vom Röhrleinkraut soll künstlich wie das Wermuthsaltz
aussgezogen/ und wie das Wegwartensaltz gebrauchet werden/ under
anderem aber ist es fast dienlich wider die Wassersucht unnd den
verhaltenen Harn/ allein oder aber mit andern Artzeneyen vermischt
gebrauchet
Verdere literatuur over paardenbloem uit
bibliotheek Godefridi
The Healing
Power of Herbs. Michael T. Murray 1995, 86
– 91.
Groot Handboek
Geneeskrachtige Planten. Geert Verhelst
2004, 451 – 453.
Les cultures
médicinales canadiennes. E. Small en P.
Catling 2000, 178 – 183.
Teedrogen. Wichtl
1989, 315 – 318.
Le Livre des bonnes
herbes. P. Lieutaghi 1996, 349 – 353.
