Ionic and Covalent Bonding

I. Forming Ions

A. Atoms want to have a full valence shell. They do this giving away or taking valence e-

-Example: Na and Cl

Cl gains a valence e- = negative ion, anion

Na loses a valence e- = positive ion, cation

II. Ionic Bonds - "give and take"

A. Positive ions attract negative ions, and vice versa

B. When two ions of opposite charges meet and are attracted to each other, they form an ionic bond

-one atom gives an e-, the other takes an e-

-Example: Lithium and Flourine

III. Covalent Bonding - "share"

A. When two or more atoms share an e-, they form a covalent bond

B. Two e- being shared is called a double covalent bond

-Example: Flourine and Flourine (covalent bond), Carbon and Oxygen (double covalent bond)