All-in-one

1)      Figures of Quantity – Hyperbole, Meiosis, Litotes

2)      Figures of Quality – Metonymy (Synecdoche, periphrasis, euphemism), Metaphor (Epithet, antonomasia, personification), Irony,

3)      Figures of combination =

a.       Figures of identity ( Simile, Synonyms)

b.      Figures of contrast ( Oxymoron, Antithesis)

c.       Figures of inequality ( Climax, Anticlimax, Zeugma, Pun)

              4) Syntactic Stylistic devices =

·         Reduction of the sentence model ( ellipsis, nominative sentence, aposiopesis, asyndeton, parceling)

·         Extension of the sentence model ( Repetition, Enumeration, tautology, polysyndeton, Parallel constructions)

·         Change of word order ( Inversion, Detachment)

·         Transposition of sentence meaning ( Rhetoric question)

Question 1

This approach deals with the matching of thesauruses.

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. demonstrative

B. denotative

C. connotative

D. communicational

Question 2

What grammatical category is expressed by the following opposition: to open – to be opened?

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. number

B. voice

C. tense

D. aspect

 

Question 3

Which form of adjective lost all the endings in Middle English?

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. weak singular

B. strong plural

C. weak plural

D. strong singular

Question 4

What is the principal grammatical means used in the form building for strong Old English verbs?

Виберіть одну віповідь

A. stem change

B. suppletive forms

C. vowel gradation

D. suffixation

Question 5

How many cases did the Old English strong adjective have?

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. four

B. six

C. three

D. five

Question 6

Arrange the following characteristics in the order they should be taken into consideration while determining the type of equivalence in translation: I. method of description of the situation; II. word semantics; III. syntactic meanings;  IV. purport of communication; V. indication of the situation:

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. I, III, IV, II, V

B. IV, II, V, I, III

C. II, V, I, III, IV

D. IV, V, I, III, II

 

Question 7

This approach quite convincingly suggests that in any language there are certain syntactic, morphological and word-building structures that may be successfully matched with their analogies in another language during translation. This approach forms the basis of machine translation design and almost any electronic translator uses the principle of matching forms of the languages involved in translation.

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. connotative

B. transformational

C. denotative

D. communicational

Question 8

What phonetic stylistic device is used in the sentence – The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain.

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. onomatopoeia

B. alliteration

C. litotes

D. assonance

Question 9

Declarative, Interrogative, Imperative are types of sentences according to

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. actual division of sentence

B. structure

C. types of communication

D. nominative division of sentence

Question 10

Such affixes as: -er; -ing; -ness; -ism; -ist; -ance are

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. verb-forming suffixes

B. adjective-forming suffixes

C. noun-forming prefixes

D. noun-forming suffixes

 

Quetion 11

English word stress is of a complex nature. It is:

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. dynamic, musical, qualitative

B. quantitative, qualitative, dynamic

C. dynamic, qualitative, quantitative

D. dynamic, quantitative, qualitative

 

Question 12

What linguistic law can explain the appearance and development of voiceless fricatives in Old English?

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. Verner’s Law

B. Golzmann’s Law

C. Great Vowel Shift

D. Grimm’s Law

 

Question 13

What kind of change in the Middle English phonology could be called the most fundamental one?

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. creation of new diphthongs

B. the fixed stress on the second syllable

C. leveling of vowels in unstressed syllables

D. monophthongization

 

Question 14

In case of which linguistic phenomenon two or more units of the plane of content correspond to one unit of the plane of expression?

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. homonymy

B. antonymy

C. synonymy

D. acronymy

Question 15

What stylistic devices are the following sentences based on: Sofia’s beauty is horrible; The garage was full of nothing.

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. simile

B. oxymoron

C. paradox

D. antithesis

Question 16

What phonetic change can explain the origin of the Modern English verb to rear if the Gothic form is raisian while the Old English form is ræran?

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. contraction

B. palatalization

C. rhotacism

D. hardening

Question 17

One-member sentences are often referred to as ________, with some items "understood" or "felt as missing".

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. compound

B. simple

C. infinitival

D. elliptical

Question 18

These sentences: In came Jack; Little chances Mary had illustrate

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. stylistic inversion

B. grammatical inversion

C. parceling

D. lexical inversion

Question 19

Which of the below features characterize a language as synthetical?

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. prominent use of word order to denote grammatical relations

B. a great number of grammatical inflections

C. a rare use of sound alternations to denote grammatical forms

D. a wide use of prepositions to denote relations between objects and to connect words in the sentence

Question 20

The sentences: The sword is the worst argument; I wish you had Mary’s ears and Jack’s eyes are examples of

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. metonymy

B. metaphor

C. irony

D. synecdoche

Question 21

What new type of vowels appeared in the result of the Great Vowel Shift?

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. short diphthongs

B. long diphthongs

C. shwa sounds

D. none

Question 22

Decide what adaptation these words: cup, street, plum have undergone.

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. phonetic adaptation

B. lexical adaptation

C. grammatical adaptation

D. semantic adaptation

Question 23

“Pluralia tantum” are the nouns which

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. can have plural forms

B. have only a plural and no singular

C. have only a singular and no plural

D. form plural not by means of –(e)s

Question 24

 

What stylistic device is used in the sentence? – Students dropped tears and cribs.

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. parceling

B. zeugma

C. polysyndeton

D. aposiopesis

 

Question 25

What pair of words represents the qualitative change of Old English vowels that linguists call palatal mutation?

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. cusans > coren

B. t?lian > tellan

C. ald > eald

D. melcan > meolcan

Question 26

The point of this theory of syllabic structure of the word is that in most languages there is a syllabic phoneme in the centre of the syllable which is usually a vowel phoneme or, in some languages, a sonorant. The phonemes preceding or following the syllable peak are called marginal. The energy, which is the tension of articulation, increases within the range of prevocalic consonants and then decreases within the range of postvocalic consonants. Therefore, the syllable can be defined as an arc of articulatory tension.

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. expiratory theory

B. sonority theory

C. muscular tension theory

D. loudness theory

 

Question 27

What stylistic devices do the sentences: It was unillegal business; Martin is not without sense of humor contain?

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. periphrasis

B. litotes

C. hyperbole

D. meiosis

 

Question 28

The main semantic components in the semantic structure of a word are termed

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. connotative component

B. connotative and denotative component

C. denotative component

D. denotative, connotative and context component

Question 29

Enumeration, tautology, polysyndeton, parallel constructions make group of… of syntactic stylistic devices.

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. reduction of the sentence model

B. change of word order

C. transposition of sentence meaning

D. extension of the sentence model

Question 30

What is the syntactical function of the infinitive in the following Old English sentence: Ic ja to drincenne?

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. adverbial modifier of purpose

B. expression of future

C. a part of the predicate

D. direct object

Question 31

Brunch (breakfast+lunch), skort (skirt+short), smog (smoke+fog) represent the type of compound word building called

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. blending

B. onomatopoeia

C. reduplication

D. reversion

Question 32

The sentences: Don’t you know what they call a star with a tail? – Sure – Mickey Mouse; Did you have any luck playing golf? – Marvelous luck are examples of

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. aposiopesis

B. parceling

C. nominative sentences

D. ellipsis

Question 33

What grammatical meaning is always marked morphologically?

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. implicit

B. general

C. dependent

D. explicit

 

Question 34

What of the following is used ONLY for translation of metaphors?

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. usage of traditional equivalents

B. situational substitution

C. full translation

D. traditional correspondence

Question 35

From etymological point of view such words as: friendship, health, truth, tidy, English, golden, Spanish, warmly, simply, hardly, senseless include 

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. borrowed suffixes

B. borrowed prefixes

C. native prefixes

D. native suffixes

 

Question 36

What principle is used for the division for the Old English nouns into certain declensions?

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. ending

B. gender

C. stem

D. suffix

Question 37

What processes are observed in the development of word meaning?

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. broadening, amelioration, degradation and elevation

B. broadening, generalization, narrowing and specialization

C. broadening, narrowing, degradation and elevation

D. broadening, generalization, narrowing and degeneration

Question 38

The words: blackbird, sunflower, bedroom, tallboy are examples of…compounds.

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. derived

B. contracted

C. morphological

D. neutral

Question 39

What are major criteria for distinguishing between phraseological units and free word groups?

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. structural, semantic

B. semantic, grammatical

C. contextual, stability, idiomacity

D. structural, contextual

Question 40

What classifications of homonyms is correct?

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. perfect homonyms, homographs, homonyms

B. perfect homonyms, homographs, complex homonyms

C. perfect homonyms, simple homonyms, homographs

D. perfect homonyms, homographs, homophones

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT used for translation of metonymy?

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. semantic transformation

B. substitution

C. structural transformation

D. functional transformation

Question 42

This style is characterised by the predominant use of intellectual intonation patterns. The characteristic feature of this style is the use of normal or slow speed of utterance and regular rhythm.  It occurs in formal discourse where the task set by the sender of the message is to communicate information without giving it any emotional or volitional evaluation. This style is used, for instance, by radio and television announcers when reading weather forecasts, news, etc. or in various official situations. It is considered to be stylistically neutral. Short pauses are rather rare.

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. scientific (academic) style

B. declamatory style

C. informational (formal style)

D. publicistic style

Question 43

What is a completely new phenomenon in the Early New English word-formation?

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. compounding

B. semantic word building

C. conversion

D. derivation

Question 44

What type of phrases are the following: fresh air, stone wall, writing a letter, perfectly right, awfully tired?

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. subjective

B. coordinate

C. subordinate

D. predicative

Question 45

Loan translation is NEVER used to render:

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. names of the companies

B. geographic names

C. titles of the books

D. names of the people

Question 46

Which of the following examples present the cases of synonymy in grammar?

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. clever — cleverer — the cleverest

B. to see – saw – seen

C. hoofs — hooves

D. know it – do know it

 

Question 47

Indicate the type of repetition used in the following sentences: Victory is what we need. Victory is what we expect.

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. consecutive

B. anaphora

C. epiphora

D. framing

Question 48

Borrowings enter the English language:

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. in a written form

B. orally

C. through contacts between people

D. orally and in a written form

Question 49

Which of the following methods is used for translation of both metaphors and irony?

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. antonymic translation

B. structural transformation

C. full translation

D. omission

Question 50

Which of the following is not a grammatical transformation:

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. permutation

B. omission

C. adaptive transcoding

D. morphological substitution

Question 51

Which grammatical category unite nouns and verbs?

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. case

B. voice

C. aspect

D. number

Question 52

What phonetic process in the Old English period could explain the following change of a simple short vowel into a short diphthong in herte > heorte (ModE: heart)?

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. diphthongization

B. breaking

C. velar mutation

D. palatal mutation

Question 53

Choose the right order of the rhythmical organization of English prose.

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. an intonation group – a phonopassage – a rhythmical group – a phrase

B. a phrase – a phonopassage – an intonation group – a rhythmical group

C. a phonopassage – a phrase – an intonation group – a rhythmical group

D. a rhythmical group – an intonation group – a phrase – a phonopassage

Question 54

What case forms of nouns survived in Middle English after leveling of endings?

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. Nominative and Dative

B. Nominative and Accusative

C. Nominative and Genitive

D. Nominative and Instrumental

Question 55

Which of the characteristics mentioned bellow is odd to the description of the constrictive consonant?

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. lateral sonorant

B. plosive

C. fricative

D. medial sonorant

Question 56

Recognize by certain suffixes, prefixes and endings what language was the source for such words: Union, opinion, session, revolution, starvation, temptation, unification.

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. French

B. Latin

C. Scandinavian

D. Italian

Question 57

What stylistic device is used in the sentences? I beg a thousand pardons; Pete knows everybody in the town.

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. hyperbole

B. metaphor

C. meiosis

D. metonymy

Question 58

Nida and Taber supported the theory of:

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. translation shifts

B. equivalence in difference

C. overt and covert translation

D. formal correspondence and dynamic equivalence

Question 59

What grammatical category is expressed by the following opposition: to be working – to work?

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. tense

B. voice

C. number

D. aspect

Question 60

The simultaneous translation is mainly used during:

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. events held by the UN and translation agencies

B. excursions and negotiations

C. receptions and parties

D. multinational symposia and conferences

Question 61

What stylistic figure is used in the sentence? – Fathers, mothers, uncles, cousins.

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. parceling

B. asyndeton

C. aposiopesis

D. polysyndeton

Question 62

Instrumentation unites basic stylistic devices:

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. alliteration, rhyme, assonance

B. rhyme, rhythm, onomatopoeia

C. alliteration, onomatopoeia, assonance

D. alliteration, rhythm, assonance, onomatopoeia

Question 63

What type of verbs in Middle English became greater and continued to grow?

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. weak

B. preterite-present

C. irregular

D. strong

Question 64

This part of intonation group is the last stressed syllable in which the pitch movement changes. It determines the semantic value of the intonation group, and indicates the communicative centre of the intonation group or of the whole sentence.

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. the pre-head

B. the head

C. the nucleus

D. the tail

Question 65

The sentence – If you study stylistics like this ... is an example of

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. nominative sentence

B. ellipsis

C. parceling

D. aposiopesis

Question 66

Which of the following Foreign trade Documents belongs to the group of partially      standardized:

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. commercial offer

B. contract of sale

C. letter of credit

D. bill of lading

Question 67

Affixes can be classified into

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. nonproductive and productive

B. productive and semiproductive

C. semi-productive and highly productive

D. highly-productive and productive

Question 68

What are the most productive types of word-formation in modern English?

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. conversion, sound-imitation, affixation

B. conversion, compounding, affixation

C. compounding, conversion, reversion

D. shortening, conversion, reduplication

Question 69

It is considered to be the main variant of literary pronunciation in Great Britain. Its advantages are that it is easily understood in every part where English is spoken and it is understood more than any other variant. It is mostly heard in everyday speech of educated people, at English theatres and on the radio.

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. Scottish English

B. Northern English

C. Southern English

D. American English

Question 70

Climax, anticlimax, zeugma and pun are figures of

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. contrast

B. quantity

C. inequality

D. identity

Question 71

What are the criteria for determining whether the word is borrowed or of the native stock? 

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. pronunciation and lexical meaning

B. pronunciation

C. lexical meaning

D. number of letters

Question 72

Which of the following schemes represent correct morphemic structure of the word ‘unexpectedly’?

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. affix – root – suffix – suffix

B. prefix – root – suffix – inflection

C. none of the variants is correct

D. prefix – root – suffix – suffix

Question 73

This approach treats different languages as closed systems with specific relationships between formal and conceptual aspects; hence in the process of translation links between the forms of different languages are established through conceptual equivalence.

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. denotative

B. communicational

C. transformational

D. connotative

Question 74

According to their structure, the words: teacher, loneliness, meaning, kingdom are:

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. contractions

B. simple

C. derived

D. compound words

Question 75

Which of the mentioned below features of a consonant is considered irrelevant?

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. fortis

B. aspirated

C. occlusive

D. bilabial

Question 76

…are figures of quantity.

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. hyperbole, meiosis, irony

B. meiosis, litotes, metonymy

C. hyperbole, meiosis, epithet

D. hyperbole, meiosis, litotes

Question 77

Which of the below examples show syntagmatic relations between language units?

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. to work, works, worked, has worked

B. dark – light, a friend – an enemy

C. friendly, friendship, unfriendly

D. bag, back, bay

Question 78

Such word combinations as: loud ocean, wild wind, helpless loneliness are

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. epithets proper

B. antonomasia

C. logical attributes

D. euphemisms

Question 79

The causes of semantic changes can be 

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. historical and linguistic

B. extra-linguistic

C. linguistic and extra-linguistic

D. historical

Question 80

What qualitative type of opposition is [b, d, g – p, t, k]?

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. gradual opposition

B. binary privative opposition

C. quaternary privative opposition

D. equipollent opposition

 

First Test

1. Identify the type of the subordinate clause in the sentence: Anyone hoping to get on the boat should have a ticket. Reduced relative

2. What type of the word-group is the following: [him coming] – predicative

3. How is the governing element of a subordinate word-group called? Head

4. At what syntactic level can subordination be observed: phrase level

5. Identify the type of the subordinate clause in the following sentence: if you understand this, you will be able to do exercises. Adverbial Clause

6.  What type of word-group is the following [to run and think]? Coordinate

7. What type of phrase is represented in the following sentence? The guild [is meeting to discuss the latest misdemeanors of the apprentices]. Verbal phrase

8. Which of the following sentences has a non-restrictive relative clause? Your opinion, which is heresey…

9. What type of phrase is represented in the following sentence? [our neighborhood association] noun phrase

10. Syntagmatic relation of independence is called predication

11. Draw brackets around the prepositional phrases: in a safe place.

12. Write the functional formula of an Adverbial Phrase:

13. Word-groups which are distinguished on the basis of secondary predication are called predicative

14. [of published accounts] – prepositional phrase

15. Identify the characteristics of the Phrase – is a dependent syntactic unit

16. A feature of linguistic structure in which one function (or form) is inserted into another function (or form) is called embedding.

17. How may the underlined element in the following sentence be categorized? The man whose application you are processing will be hired in any case – restrictive relative clause

18. What is the term for a potential ability of words to combine? Valency

19. What type of word group is [run fast]? Subordinate

20. Which of the following syndetons are called correlatives? Not(only)…but (also), neither…nor

21. Which of the following sentences contains a subordinate clause? All of them (the cat climbed over the couch)

22. Which of the following sentences contains an adverbial clause? All of them (I would like to finish this chapter by noon)

23. In the following sentence the underlined words are correctly classified as which of the following: The author under discussion had no such illusions – none of the answers is correct

24. In the following sentence the underlined words are correctly classified as which of the following: My brother John runs a landscaping company? Verbal predicate

25. In the following sentence the underlined words are correctly classified as which of the following: Mary taught Bill the basics of computer programming. None of the answer is correct

26.  At what syntactic level can coordination be observed – all of the stated

27. The smallest unit of communication, consisting of one or more words which is characterized by a definite structural (grammatical) and intonational pattern, predication, modality and conveys… sentence

28. In the following sentence the underlined words are correctly classified as which of the following: The man in charge will be Mr. Eagleton – none of the answers is correct

29. A secondary element of a phrase which suggests the goal or purpose of the verb is called object

30. What type of the word group is the following: [to run extremely fast]? Extended, subordinate

31. What type of the word group is the following: [running fast]? Predicative

32. A secondary element of a phrase which qualifies its head but doesn’t determine the grammatical category of the phrase is called modifier

33. Everyone in the room cheered when the announcement was made – Pronoun

34. Which of the below features characterize a language as synthetical? A great number of grammatical forms

35. The type of grammatical meaning that is not expressed formally and represents the meaning of the whole word-class is called implicit

36. Pluralia tantum are the nouns which have only a plural and no singular

37. in English there are 2 material articles

38. Which of the grammatical notions refers to the observable components that make an object what it is and include such features as actual and potential inflectional and derivational elements, stress?

 Grammatical category

39. Which of the following examples present the case of synonymy in grammar? Know it – do know it

40. In case of which linguistic phenomenon two… - homonymy

41. Which grammatical category unites nouns and verb? Number

42. Out of the following choose the statement(s) that reveal(s) the aime of Theoretical English Grammar: To scientifically analyze and define English grammatical categories and study the mechanisms of grammatical formation of utterances out of words in the process of speech making; to present a theoretical description of the grammatical system of English

43. Such affixes as: -er, -ing… are noun forming

44. Generalized correlation of lingual forms by means of which a certain function is expressed is called opposition

45. The process of determination of the entities to be used in any syntactic or morphological construction is called selection

46. In which of the following sentences relative generalization is represented? Would you be so kind to pass me salad?

47. The grammatical notion which designates the way in which a word or larger unit is used in a sentence is called

1. According to their structure, the words: teacher, loneliness are derived

2. What grammatical category is expressed by the following opposition: to open-to be opened – voice

3. Choose the properties of inflectional morphemes: do not change basic syntactic category, express grammatically – required features or indicate relations between different words in the sentence

4. The process of determination of the entities to be used in any syntactic or morphological construction is called selection

5. Prepositions serve to express the relations between…

6. Hers – Pronoun

7. What is the type of the following morpheme: byte – free morpheme, open-class morpheme.

8. Ring – Noun

9. 2 subclasses of uncountable nouns are usually referred to as singularia tantum and pluralia tantum

10. Generalization is the invariable grammatical meaning of the indefinite article.

11. Indolently – adverb

12. Herself – pronoun

13. 2 material articles

14. Pluralia tantum are the nouns which have only plural no singular

15. Loudly – adverb

16. Everyone – pronoun

17. Small adj

18. Which of the examples below show syntagmatic relations between language units? – dark-light, friend – enemy.

19. In which of the following sentences relative generalization is represented? Would you be so kind to pass me salad?

20. Choose the correct characteristic of the English adjective: adj may undergo the process of substantivation

21. The sentence: Coffee or tea, please? is an example of semantic absence of the article, relative generalization

22. Which of the following scheme represents correct morphemic structure of the word ‘unexpectedly’? prefix – root-suffix-suffix

23. Type of the article that expresses the identification… definite

24. Which grammatical category unite nouns and verb? Number

25. Stamped – Verb

26. Generalized correlation of lingual forms by means of which a certain function is expressed is called opposition

27. Which of the below mentioned are grammatical units? Intonation, clause, word order, phoneme

28.  A compound denoting a subtype of a category which isn’t mentioned within the compound is called exocentric

29.  Such affixes as: -er, -ing… are noun forming

30. Which of the grammatical notions refers to the observable components that make an object what it is and include such features as actual and potential inflectional and derivational elements, stress?                                                                                                                    

31. Although – conj

32.  The system of expressing a generalized grammatical meaning… - grammatical category

33. The type of grammatical meaning that is not expressed formally and represents the meaning of the whole word-class is called

34. Out of the following choose the statement(s) – to scientifically analyze, to present a theoretical

35. The process of sequencing in syntactic constructions is called arrangement

36. Choose the regular noun inflections ‘s, -s          

37. In case of which linguistic phenomenon two… - homonymy

38. What grammatical meaning is always marked morphologically? Explicit

39. The grammatical notion – constituency

40. Which of the below features characterized a language as synthetical? A great number…

41. Which of the following examples present the case of synonymy in grammar? Know it – do know it

42. Which of the below are grammatical processes? Arrangement, selection

43. Which of the below mentioned are grammatical categories? Tense, aspect, finitude, case

 

Second Test

1.What type of phrase is presented in the following sentence?

The committee gave [our neighbourhood association] an award for innovative tree planting

2.Identify the type of the subordinate clause in the sentence: Anyone hoping to get on the boat should have a ticket.

a. Adjective Clause

b. Adverbial Clause

c. Reduced Relative

d. Noun Clause

e. Reduced Adverbial

 

3. What type of the word-group is the following: [him coming]?

Choose at least one answer.

a.        predicative

b.        coordinate

c.        extended

d.        d expanded

e.        simple

f.         subordinate

 

4. How is the governing element of a subordinate word-group called? Head

 

5. At what syntactic level can subordination be observed:

a.        all of the stated

b.        sentence level

c.        text level

d.        phrase level

 

6. Identify the type of the Subordinete Clause in the following sentence: If you understand this, you will be able to do exercises.

a. Adjective Clause

b. Adverbial clause

c. Noun Clause

d. Reduced Relative

e. Reduced Adverbial

 

7. What type of word-group is the following: [to run and think]?

Choose at least one answer.

a.        extended

b.        coordinate

c.        simple

d.        subordinate

e.        predicative

f.         expanded

 

8. What type of phrase is presented in the following sentence?

The guild [is meeting to discuss the latest misdemeanours of the apprentices]. Verb phrase

 

9. Which of the following sentences has a non-restrictive relative clause?

a.        neither of them

b.        Your opinion, which is heresy, will cause nothing but trouble.

c.        all of them

d.        The opinion that you are expressing is heresy.

 

10. What type of phrase is presented in the following sentence?

The committee gave [our neighbourhood association] an award for innovative tree planting. NP

 

11. Syntagmatic relation of interdependence is called. Predication

 

12. What type of phrase is presented in the following sentence?

The committee [our neighbourhood association] an award for innovative tree planting. NP

 

13. Draw brackets around the prepositional phrase(s): put the dynamite in a safe place.

 

14. Write the functional Formula of an Adverb Phrase DP. indicating time, place, condition, cause, and purpose

 

15. Word-groups which are distinguished on the basis of secondary predication are called: predicative

 

16. In the following sentence the underlined words are correctly classified as which of the following Fanny believed Henry Crawford insincere.

a.        complex subject

b.        nominal predicate

c.        verb

d.        compound subject

e.        simple subject

f.         f none of the answers is correct

g.        verbal predicate

 

17. Identify the type of phrase in the following sentence: The reporter consulted a number of published accounts before interviewing the senator. PP

 

18. Identify the function of the phrase highlighted in the following sentences.

·          The party was a dreadful failure because the caterers forgot (to bring the tableware). object

·          Justine hoped to attend the masquerade even though her guardian [had forbidden such adventures]. predicate

·          The apprentices elected Wilkins Lord of Misrule]. complement

·          The projectionist dreamt that he chased an enormous gorilla [around the theatre). adverb

·          The child dancing about the stage hopes to become a movie star. adjective

·          Megan believed that [dreaming about grapes) mean that she should skip Latin class. subject

 

19. Identify the characteristics of the Phrase

Choose at least one answer.

a.        generally resists interruption

b.        is a dependent syntactic unit

c.        has intonation of its own

d.        usually of NP VP structure

e.        can undergo grammatical changes without destroying the identity of the whole unit

f.         stress normally falls on the rightmost word

g.        the number of constituents corresponds to the number of different denotates

 

20. A feature of linguistic structure in which one function (or form) is inserted into another function (or form) is calledEmbedding

 

21. How may the underlined element in the following sentence be categorized? The man whose application you are processing will be hired in any case.

a.        restrictive relative clause

b.        non-restrictive nominal clause

c.        restrictive nominal clause

d.        d non-restrictive relative clause

 

22. What is the term for a potential ability of words to combine? Valency

 

23. Define the type of the following sentences:

-Jane is more diligent than you. Simple complicated

-That absolutely gorgeous spaniel is my brothers. simple

-Waiting until most of the courtroom had cleared, Ann walked -over and stood there until Jimmy saw her. complex

-If youth knew, if age could! compound

 

24. Which of the following sentences contains a relative clause?

a. We felt that the story was endearing

b. all of them

c. Television is a tasteless medium without an ounce of artistic or journalistic integrity.

d. none of them

 

25. What type of word group is [run fast]?

Choose at least one answer.

a.        predicative

b.        expanded

c.        coordinate

d.        simple

e.        subordinate

f.         extended

 

26. Draw brackets around each adjective phrase: The reasons for his sudden resignation eluded even the most astute observers in the company.

 

27. Which of the following syndetons are called correlatives?

a.        a as well as together with, along with

b.        b, but, besides, except for

c.        and, nor, not, or

d.        not only- but also neither nor

28. Which of the following sentences contains a subordinate clause?

a.        All of  them

b.        The cat climbed over the couch, hissing me

c.        climbing over the couch, the cat hissed at me.

d.        After climbing over the couch, the cat hissed at me.

e.        none or them

 

 

29. which of the following sentences contains an adverbial clause?

a.        I would like to finish this chapter by noon.

b.        All of them

f.         After I tasted it, I was sorry.

c.        none of them

d.        Never having tried it before, I asked for a martini.

 

30. In the following sentence the underlined words are correctly classified as which of the following

The author under discussion had no such illusions.

a.        a complex subject

b.        none of the answers is correct

c.        verb

d.        nominal predicate

e.        verbal predicate

f.         compound subject

g.        simple subject

 

31. Apply the Topicalization Test to identify NP in the following sentence was very impressed with your presentation. simply move the item in question to the front of the sentence, omitting it in its original position.

Your presentation I was very impressed with

 

32. In the following sentence the underlined words are correctly classified as which of the following: My brother John runs a landscaping company.?

a.        simple subject

b.        b, complex subject

c.        nominal predicate

d.        none of the answers is correct

e.         verbal predicate

f.         verb

g.        compound subject

 

33. Apply a Pro-sub Test identity NP in the following sentence: I was very impressed with your presentation. Pronoun-substitution (Pro-sub) Test: the NP can be replaced by a personal pronoun:

Woody admired [the picture on the wall]. – Woody admired it. –* Woody admired it on the wall. (ungrammatical)

34. In the following sentence the underlined words are co-classified as which of the following Mary taught Bill the basics of computer programming.

a.        verbal predicate

b.        complex subject

c.        nominal predicate

d.        verb

e.        compound subject

f.         none of the answers is correct

g.        simple subject

 

35. At what syntactic level can coordination be observed:

a.        all of the stated

b.        text level

c.        phrase level

d.        sentence level

 

36. The smallest unit of communication, consisting of one or more words which is characterized by a definite structural (grammatical) and intonational pattern, predication, nodality and conveys a relatively completed thought is called SENTENCE

 

37. Draw brackets around the prepositional phrase(s): Oskar resigned in the face of increasing evidence of his association with companies dealing in stocks acquired through questionable means.

 

38. Apply Whiz Test to identify NP of head+postmodifier type: I was impressed with your presentation at the lesson. Whiz Test (paraphraze test): if you can insert the words which is/was or that is/was between the noun head and the PP, the construction is probably of the head+postmodifier type.

Woody admired the picture which was on the wall.

*Woody put the picture which was on the wall.

…your presentation, wich was made…

 

39. In the following sentence the underlined words are correctly classified which of the following: The man in charge will be Mr.Eagleton.

a.        verb

b.        none of the answers is correct

c.        complex subject

d.        d simple subject

e.        compound subject

f.         verbal predicate

g.        nominal predicate

40. A secondary element of a phrase which suggests the goal or purpose of the verb is called:

a.        object

b.        complement

c.        predicate

d.        modifier

e.        subject

 

41. What type of the word-group is the following [to run extremely fast]?

Choose af least one answer

a.        simple

b.        predicative

c.        coordinate

d.        extended

e.        subordinate

f.         expanded

 

42. What type of the word-group is the following:[running fast]?

Choose at least one answer.

a.        a simple

b.        expanded

c.        subordinate

d.        extended

e.        predicative

f.         coordinate

 

43. A secondary element of a phrase which qualifies its head but doesn't determine category the phrase the grammatical of is called:

a.        complement

b.        subject

c.        object

d.        modifier

e.        predicate

 

44. In the following sentence… Current literary theory has no clearly defined focus. Nominal predicate

 

45. Apply a Pro-sub test… I was very impressed with your presentation. I was impressed with it

 

46. John considered himself successful. Nominal predicate

47. … Luther King was murdered… verbal predicate

48. the process of sequencing in syntactic construction arrangement

49. adverbial clause tapdanced while…

 

1.              What is the largest unit of speech? Discourse

2.              How many language resources does language consist as a code? 3 (Lexicon/vocabulary, grammar,phonology)

3.              How are the people engaged in the study of phonetics called? phoneticians

4.              Variations in pitch, prominence, and tempo are called... prosodic/suprasegmental

5.              The result of an act of verbal communication is called .... discourse

6.              The basic component of the phonic-substance of language is called... segmental

7.              A unit of spoken message larger than a single sound and smaller than a word is called....syllable

8.              Pronunciation features in a foreign language influenced by the mother tongue are called…accent

9.              How many aspects does the problem of word stress have? 3

10.         The process of transmitting a verbal message from a speaker to the listener via a channel is called... verbal communication

11.         Lexicon, phonology, and grammar are called... Language resources

12.         How many components does the phonic substance of language consist of? 4

13.         A discourse consists of at least one...utterance

14.         The amount of perceptual prominence given to particular words/syllables in an utterance is called .. utterance  stress  (фразовий  наголос)

15.         What unit of speech corresponds to the phoneme? allophone

16.         What features are superimposed on the segmental chain of sounds? Prosodic

17.         Is the statement true or false: English makes use of stressed syllables separated by equal number of unstressed syllables. false

18.         Give the name of the founder of phonology. Nickolai Trubetskoi

19.         A process of using language for communication is called.. Speech

20.         A sequence of words spoken in a single breath, a stretch of speech which has describable melody is called.. tone unit

24.         What is the name of transcription that is used in studying English as a specialty? The phonemic transcription

25.         This branch of phonetics is concerned with the study of sound as a result of the activities of speech organs. It deals with our voice-production mechanism, and the way we produce sounds, and prosodic phenomena. It studies respiration, phonation (voice-production), articulation and the mental processes necessary for the mastery of a phonetic system.  Articulatory

26.         Arrange the following sounds according to the degree of sonority, from the most sonor to the least sonor. 1. open vowels 2. closed vowels 3. Sonorants 4. voiced fricatives 5. voiced plosives 6. voiceless fricatives 7. voiceless plosives

27.         The branch of Phonetics that studies the physical properties of speech sound, as transmitted between mouth and ear. Acoustic

28.         The branch of Phonetics that studies the perceptual response to speech sounds, as mediated by ear, auditory nerve and brain. Auditory

29.         A language used as a means of communication by speakers who do not have a native language in common is called lingua franca

30.         How many concentric circles can the spread of English throughout the world be visualized? The inner circle, the outer circle, expanding circle

31.         The situation when speakers can use both literary pronunciation and their native local accent in different situations is called  diglossia

32.         The first language of the children of Pidgin speakers is called.... Creole

33.         How many major literary/cultivated accents are there on the British Isles? 5

34.         How many million people speak English  as  their  first language/mother tongue? 375-400 million

35.         What is the standard of pronunciation for educated speakers in Great Britain? Southern pronunciation or Received Pronunciation

36.         Teaching English where learners addressed are often immigrants to an English-speaking culture is called TESL Teaching English as a Foreign l-ge

37.         A set of pronunciation forms and rules of their usage is called... rules of speaking or pronunciation norms

38.         Is there a World Standard English, a totally uniform, regional, neutral, and prestigious variety at the international level? No

39.         The entity of related national variants, dialects and their associated accents is called… a nationally heterogeneous l-ge (English)

40.         What  are  the  two  most  prestigious  accents  of  English  in  the  world which generally serve as teaching models for TEFL? RP/BBC English\Southern, GenAm/Network English

41.         How many literary pronunciation accents are there in the USA? three

42.         A unified entity of pronunciation patterns used for communicative interaction by members of a speech community sharing a relevant social or geographical attribute and maintaining a set of phonological characteristics, despite limited phonetic and lexical-incidental variation between the speakers is called... accent

43.         Teaching English to learners of all types is ... ELT

44.         What is the geographical localization of the national pronunciation standard in the UK? Southern English

45.         Reflection/fixing of actual pronunciation forms and patterns in pronunciation dictionaries and other references. codification

46.         Individual speech of members of the same language community is called... idiolect

47.         What is a striking feature of RP/BBC English and GenAm? variation

48.         Are the majority of Standard English speakers in Britain rhotic or non-rhotic? non-rhotic

49.         What accent is currently making a great influence on RP? Cockney

50.         Name the 2 RP vowels which have the highest text frequency of occurrence.          ə , i

51.         What phenomenon can be heard in RP in it's quite good ..., football ,etc? glottaling

52.         What is RP often identified with in the public mind ? BBC English

53.         What sound combinations undergo affricatization? t+j, d+j

54.         Which RP diphthong is becoming a positional allophone of the phoneme /ɔ:/? υə

55.         What scholar fist described RP as a hoped for standard? Daniel Jones

56.         Give the transcription symbol for a glottalized /t/. /?/

57.         What kind of assimilation do affricatization and assibilation belong to? Yod coalescence

58.         Which allophone of /l/ is used in American English? /l/

59.         Which American accent prevails in New York? Eastern American

60.         How many consonants are there in GenAm? 25

61.         Is Eastern American rhotic? yes

62.         What century English is the starting point for American English? 17

63.         Which diphthongs are not distinguished in GenAm? /ie/, /ee/, е – це шва

64.         What is one of the most characteristic allophones in GenAm? r

65.         Which geographical attribute does цGenAm have? western

66.         How many vowels are there in GenAm? 11

67.         What is the name of American national pronunciation standard? General American

68.         A stress on the vowel in the penultimate syllable which is not typically stressed in RP is called ... a tertiary stress

69.          It is considered to be the main variant of literary pronunciation in Great Britain. Its advantages are that it is easily understood in every part where English is spoken and it is understood more than any other variant. It is mostly heard in everyday speech of educated people, at English theatres and on the radio. BBC

70.         Which of the types serves as the base for General American pronunciation. American Pronunciation

71.         Which of the accents of English is American based pronunciation standard? General American

72.         Which of the accents of English is English based pronunciation standard? BBC pronunciation

73.         Which of the accents of English is New English based pronunciation standard? Received Pronunciation

74.         How many literary pronunciation accents are there in the USA? 39

75.         What are New Englishes varieties of pronunciation? Indian English, South African English, Hong Kong english, Singapoeran English

76.         Read the following abbreviations: ELT, TESL, TEFL. TESL English as a second language., ELT - English Language Training TEFL Teaching English as a foreign                     language

77.         The first language of the children of Pidgin speakers. English

78.         The language used for the purpose of communication between speakers of mutually unintelligible languages (usually in the third world) which has been developed out of the mixture of the languages of the communities concerned.

79.         How many aspects of speech sounds are distinguished? 4 – Articulatoty, Acoustic, Auditory, Functional.

80.         Grouping   speech   sounds   according   to   their   major articulatory features is called ... allophones

81.         From the acoustic point of view, vowels are called the sounds of voice, they have high acoustic energy

82.         Which are the parts of the tongue?

– the blade of the tongue with the tip  

- the front of the tongue 

- the back of the tongue

- the root of the tongue

83.         Which are the parts of the roof of the mouth?

-the alveoli

-the hard palate

-the soft palate

-the uvula

84.         Name the passive organs of speech.

- the teeth

- the alveoli

- the hard palate

85.         Name the active organs of speech.

the tongue

the soft palate

the uvula

the lower jaw

the lips

the vocal cords

86.         What is the consonant sound? – Consonants are sounds in the production of which there is an obstruction the removal of which causes noise. Muscular tension is at the place of obstruction. The air stream is strong.

87.         What are the two consonant classes according to the degree of noise?

noise consonants

sonorants

88.         What is the function of vocal cords in the production of voiced and voiceless consonants? At the articulatory level, a voiced sound is one in which the vocal cords vibrate, and a voiceless sound is one in which they do not

89.         Define every type of obstruction.

occlusive

constrictive

occlusive-constrictive(affricates)

90.         What consonant sounds are called occlusive? – produced by blocking (occluding) airflow in the vocal track

91.         What consonant sounds are called constrictive? – produce with an incomplete obstruction that is by a narrowing of the air-passage

92.         What consonant sounds are called occlusive-constrictive? – a composite speech sound consisting of a stop and a fricative articulated at the same point

93.         Enumerate the consonant groups according to the place of articulation.

bilabial

labio-dental

dental

alveolar

post-alveolar

palato-alveolar

palatal

velat

glotal

94.         How are the forelingual consonants classified according to the work of the tip of the tongue?

post-alveolar

palate-alveolar

alveolar

interdental

95.         What are the voiced counterparts of / p,t,k /?   B d g

96.         What is aspiration? – a slight puff of breath which is heard after the explosion of p t k in the initial position.

97.         What is palatalization? – softening of consonsonant, which results from the secondary  place of articulation

98.         What do the consonants /p, t, k / have in common? – they are occlusive, noise(plosive)

99.         What consonant sounds are called “fricatives”? – produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together

100.    What are the voiced counterparts  of / f, s, θ, ∫ / ? [f]-[v], [s]-[z], [θ]-[ð], [∫]-[ʒ]

101.    101. Define  / ʧ, ʤ/ according to the all principles of articulation. Lingual, forelingual, palato-alveolar, affricates (occlusive-constrictive)

102.    102.  Enumerate the English sonorants. /m, n, ŋ, l, r, w, j /

103.     What is the main feature of sonorous consonant? noise

104.    What do the sonorant have in common with and what differs them from other consonants? noise

105.    What is the subdivision of the sonorous consonants according to the direction of the air stream in the mouth cavity?

106.     What is assimilation?  is a process of alteration of speech sounds as a result of which one of the sounds becomes fully or partially similar to adjoining sound

107.    What features of the articulation of a consonant may be affected by assimilation?

108.     Name the degrees of assimilation. Degree of completeness Degree of stability

109.     What is the difference between progressive and regressive assimilation? Regressive - the change operates backwards. Progressive - the assimilation operates forwards

110.    Which aspect of speech sounds do such properties as frequency, spectrum, intensity, and duration constitute? acoustic

111.    Which aspect defines every speech sound as a complex of definite coordinated and differentiated movements and positions of speech organs? articulation

112.    Functional differences between Vs and Cs are defined by their role in syllable formation

113.    Sounds made with a complete obstruction or stoppage of the airflow coming up from the lungs are called stips/plosives

114.    Sounds in the production of which the soft palate is lowered, and the air escapes through the nose are called nasal

115.    Sounds produced as a result of obstruent articulation involving an obstruction of the air stream that produces a phonetic effect independent of voicing are called noise con/obstruents

116.    The   movements   and   positions   necessary   for   the production of a speech sound constitute its articulation

117.    The particular quality of Vs mainly depends on the volume and shape of the mouth resonator

118.    Complex sounds which consist of two components that correspond to two phases of articulation- an oral- stop phase followed with a short friction phase- are called affricates

119.    Realizations of phonemes in definite positions in words are called allophones/variants

120.    How many consonant phonemes are there in RP? 24

121.    How many vowel phonemes are there in RP? 20

122.     The founder of the phoneme theory is S.A. Baudauin de Courtenay

123.     The materialistic conception of the phoneme was originated by L.V. Shcherba

124.     Features of phonemes involved in the differentiation of the words are called distinctive/relevant

125.     The phoneme is material, real and objective because it really exists in the material form of allophones

126.     What scholar defined the phoneme as a family of sounds? Daniel Jones

127.     The smallest(i.e. further indivisible into smaller conse¬cutive segments) language unit (sound type) that exists in the speech of all the members of a given language community as such speech sounds which are capable of distinguishing one word from another word of the same language or one grammatical form of a word from another grammatical form of the same word is called phoneme

128.     The phonemes of a language form a system of sounds

129.     What is the principal function of the phoneme ?  constitutive

130.     The articulatory features which do not serve to distinguish meaning are called non-distinctive, irrelevant or redundant

131.     Allophones which appear as a result of the influence of the neighboring speech sounds (assimilation, adaptation,, accommodation) are called subsidiary

132.     Modifications of a consonant under the influence of a neighboring consonant are termed assimilation, reduction, oppositions

133.     A deletion of a sound in rapid or careless speech is termed ELISION/ellipsis

134.     Connecting of the final sound of one word or syllable to the initial sound of the next one is called linking

135.     Modifications of a consonant under the influence of the adjacent vowel or vice versa are called accommodation/adaptation

136.     Inserting of a vowel or consonant segment within an existing string of segments is called Epenthesis

137.     According to the degree the assimilating C takes on the characteristics of the neighboring C, assimilation may be partial, total

138.     What is the name of assimilation in which the first consonant and the second consonant in a cluster fuse and mutually condition the creation of a third consonant with features from both original consonants? Coalescent (RECIPROCAL) assimilation

139.     What are the most common types of assimilation in English according to the direction? Progressive, regressive and reciprocal

140.     A monophthong, short, lax, unrounded, front, low/open vowel phoneme of the wide variety. [æ]

141.    A labial,  labio-dental,  constrictive,  fricative,  voiceless,  fortis consonant phoneme. /f/

142.    An alveolar, apical, constrictive, lateral sonant. /l/

143.    A monophthong, long, tense, unrounded, central/ mixed, mid vowel phoneme of the narrow variety. /ɜː/

144.    A glottal, constrictive, fricative, voiceless, fortis consonant phoneme. /h/

145.    A monophthong, long, tense, unrounded, back-advanced, low/open vowel phoneme of the wide variety. /ɑː/

146.    A post-alveolar, constrictive, medial sonant. /j/

147.    A monophthong, short, lax, rounded, back advanced, high/open vowel phoneme of the wide variety. /ʊ/

148.    A foreligual, palato-alveolar, constrictive, fricative, voiced, lenis consonant phoneme. /ʒ/

149.    A monophthong, long, tense, unrounded, front, high/close vowel phoneme of the narrow variety. /i:/

150.    A lingual, back lingual, velar, occlusive, plosive nasal sonant. /ŋ/

151.    A monophthong, short, lax, unrounded, central/ mixed, low vowel phoneme of the wide variety. /ʌ/

152.    A labial, bilabial, constrictive, medial sonant. /w/

153.    A lingual, backlingual, occlusive, plosive, voiceless, fortis consonant phoneme. /k/

154.    A lingual, forelingual, post-alveolar, constrictive, medial sonant. /r/

155.    A monophthongs short, lax, rounded, back, low/open vowel phoneme of the wide variety. /ɒ/

156.    A foreligual, interdental, constrictive, fricative , voiceless, fortis consonant phoneme. /θ/

157.    A voiceless affricate. /tʃ/

158.    A monophthong, front short, lax, unrounded, central/ mixed, mid vowel phoneme of the wide variety. /ə/

159.    A monophthong, short, lax, unrounded, front, mid/ half-open vowel phoneme of the narrow variety. /e/

160.    Which of the mentioned below features of a consonant is considered irrelevant?  aspiration, palatalization, nasalization

161.    So reduction is realized in: unstressed syllables within words; in unstressed form-words (auxiliary and modal verbs, personal and possessive pronouns, etc.) within intonation groups and phrases.

162.    Non-reduced unstressed sounds are often retained in: compound words: blackboard /'blækbɔ:d/;  oilfield /'ɔɪlfi:ld/; borrowings from the French and other languages.

163.    What principles of articulation are not characteristic for the English language? characteristic of fluent or careless speech

164.    Which of the elements of English diphthong is called nucleus? The first element

165.    What is the number of phonemes in British English? 44

166.    The type of junction between the phonemes of different nature (c-v) is called merging

167.    The type of junction between the similar groups – cons. + cons. is called interpenetration

168.    Syllables in writing are called syllabographs

169.    The limit for the number of syllables in English is 8

170.    The universal syllabic structure in the canonical form is CV

171.    What sounds have the highest degree of sonority? Low vowels

172.    The division of words into syllables is called syllabication/ syllabification

173.    What two types of sounds cannot be split duringsyllabification?The English affricates [ʧ], [ʤ] and diphtongs

174.    What symbol is used to designate a syllabic consonant? [ə]

175.    Divide in writing the word speaking. speak-ing (p.s. http://www.howmanysyllables.com/ )

176.    Divide into phonetic syllables the word bottle. Bott-le

177.    What is the characteristic feature of the syllabic structure of the words of old English origin. monosyllabism

178.    How is the syllable preceding the stressed syllable designated? PRETONIC

179.    How is the syllable following the stressed syllable designated? POSTTONIC

180.    What are the two commonest structural types of the syllable in English (write their canonical forms)? VC; CVC

181.    The point of this theory of syllabic structure of the word is that in most languages there is a syllabic phoneme in the centre of the syllable, which is usually a vowel phoneme or, in some languages, a sonorant. The phonemes preceding or following the syllable peak are called marginal. The energy, which is the tension of articulation, increases within the range of prevocalic consonants and then decreases within the range of postvocalic consonants. Therefore, the syllable can be defined as an arc of articulatory tension. The muscular tension or the articulatory effort theory.

182. The point of this theory is that the syllable is a sound or group of the sounds that  are pronounced in one chest-pulse . There are as many syllables in a word as there are chest-pulses made during the word . Expiratory (chest-puls or pressure) theory.

183.    Which is the most common type of syllable in English? Covered CV(C)

184.    Which are syllabic English consonants? final sonorant /m, ņ, ļ/ immediately preceded by a noise consonant and post tonic

185.    This theory is based upon the fact that sounds group themselves according to their sonority. There are as many syllables as there are peaks of prominence of sonority. The relative sonority theory (гучності) or the prominence theory

186.    This theory takes into consideration both levels production and perception. Syllable is an arc of loudness. The peak of the syllable is louder and higher in pitch than the slopes. The organ which is responsible for the variation of loudness  is pharynx . There are as many syllables in a word as there are arcs of loudness. LOUDNESS THEORY

187.    How many factors are important in making the syllable prominent? The auditory impression of word stress is that of prominence. And on the auditory level the effect of prominence is produced by a greater degree of loudness, greater length of the stressed  syllables, some modifications in its pitch and quality.

On the acoustic level the effect of prominence is achieved by following acoustic parameters.

intensity;

duration;

frequency (fundamental);

formed structure.

188.    How many degrees of word stress are singled out in English? 

primary or strong

secondary or partial

weak unstressed syllables

189.    What degree of word stress do American phoneticians add to the traditionally recognized degrees in English?   tertiary

190.    What are languages called which allow certain freedom for placement word stress? Free stress / variable stress?

191.    Which is the oldest of the English lexical stress tendencies? recessive

192.    Which tendency regulates the stressing of borrowed polysyllabic words in English? rhythmic

193.    Which is the name of the tendency which defines the placement of word stress on the root of the native English words with a prefix with no referential meaning? Recessive-restricted type

194.    What tendency defines the stress of the derivative word personal as compared with person! retentive

195.    Which syllable of a two-syllable verb is stressed if its second syllable contains a long vowel or a diphthong 2nd

196.    Which syllable of a two-syllable noun is stressed when its second syllable contains a short vowel? 1st

197.    English word stress is of a complex nature. It is:      

dynamic

quantitative

qualitative

198.    Which is the place of secondary stress?   Before the primary, or after it( if tertiary stress is distinguished)

199.    Which is the most common accentual type of English words? . / ┴ ─ /.

200.    A stress on the vowel in the penultimate syllable which is not typically stressed in RP is called: tertiary

201.    Which is the right order of the rhythmical organization of English prose. rythmic group,intonation group, utterance, phonopassage

202.    What are the adjoining unstressed syllables called when they precede the stressed syllable? proclitics

203.    What are the adjoining unstressed syllables called when they follow the stressed syllable? enclitics

204.    Which is English type of rhythm? Stressed-timed

205.    What is the prosodic nucleus of rhythmic group? the stressed syllable

206.    The number of the rhythmic groups depends on: speech tempo and style

207.    Where is the focus /the semantic center of an unmarked/normal utterance located on? On nuclears

208.    What is the force component of intonation made by? Loudness

209.    Which tone can encourage further conversation, be wondering, mildly puzzled, soothing? LR

210.    One or more words closely connected by sense and grammar, but containing only one strongly stressed syllable and being pronounced in one breath are called a ритмічна група

211.    Which tone is highly implicatory in English? RF

212.    Spoken English is divided into chunks of talk or tone units

213.    Because they are unstressed in the stream of speech, function words exhibit various forms of reduction: loss of initial consonant sound, final, weakening of internal vowel.

214.    What words are accentuated by pitch, length, loudness or a combination of these prosodic features under normal, or unmarked conditions? nouns. Adj., verbs, numerals,adverbs

215.    What is the core component of intonation? The pitch

216.    How many rhythmic groups/feet are there in "Thank you for the present'? 2

217.    What tone expresses the speaker's active searching for information? HR(interest, questioning)

218.    This part of an intonation group determines the semantic value of the intonation group, and indicates the communicative centre of the intonation group or of the whole sentence. The nucleas

219.    Which of the head patterns is used for normal speech? Stepping, falling

220.    Where is the semantic centre of an utterance in normal speech located on? on notional words(nouns. Adj., verbs, numerals,adverbs)

221.    What are the emphatic tones? Fall-rise, rise-fall, rising tones

222.     What part of the intonation group goes before the nucleus? The head (The scale)

223.     What is the corresponding tone for each of these types of the utterances? (Request low-rise + fall-rise, Order high-fall, Exclamation high-fall , Statement low-fall)

224.    What is the corresponding tone to each of these questions?     (General rising, Special falling, Disjunctive low-fall+low-rise, Alternative low rise+low fall)

225.     What forms are usually unstressed in the sentence?       weak         

226.    The type of the utterance stress that is used to arrange words into sentences or intonation groups phonetically. Together with grammatical and lexical means it expresses the general idea of the sentence and indicates its communicative center. The nuclear syllable is generally associated with the last content word of the intonation group. Normal/syntactical

227.    The type of utterance stress, which gives special prominence to a new element in a sentence or an intonation group. Logical stress

228.    This type of sentence stress increases the effort of expression. It may strengthen the stressed word making it still prominent. This stress manifests itself mainly on the High Fall or the Rise-Fall of the nuclear syllable. Emphatic stress

229.    The part of intonation group formed by stressed and unstressed syllables beginning with the first stressed syllable is called…Head/scale

230.    The part of intonation group that includes unstressed and half stressed syllables before the first stressed syllable. Prehead

231.    The last stressed syllable of the intonation group in which the pitch movement changes. It is usually of a highest importance: it is on this syllable that the whole pitch pattern centers. Nucleus

232.    The unstressed and half-stressed syllables that follow the nucleus in the intonation group are called…Tale

233.    This style is characterized by the predominant use of intellectual intonation patterns. The characteristic feature of this style is the use of normal or slow speed of utterance and regular rhythm. It occurs in formal discourse where the task set by the sender of the message is to communicate information without giving it any emotional or volitional evaluation. Informational

234.    In this style intellectual and volitional (or desiderative) intonation patterns are concurrently employed. The speaker's purpose here is to direct the listener's attention to the message carried in the semantic component. This style is frequently used, for example, by university lecturers, schoolteachers, or by scientists in formal and informal discussions. Academic (scientific)

235.    In this style the emotional role of intonation increases, thereby intonation patterns used for intellectual, volitional and emotional purposes have an equal share. Pauses may be different in length but long pauses are more common. This style is generally acquired by special training and it is used, for instance, in stage speech, classroom recitation, and verse speaking or in reading aloud fiction.Declamatory (artistic)

236.    This style is characterized by predominance of volitional (or desiderative) intonation patterns against the background of intellectual and emotional ones. The general aim of this intonation style is to exert influence on the listener, to convince him that the speaker's interpretation is the only correct one and to cause him to accept the point of view expressed in the speech. Oratorial

237.    The usage of this style is typical of the English of everyday life. It occurs both within a family group and in informal external relationships, namely, in the speech of intimate friends or well-acquainted people. Generally speaking this style, unlike other styles, will allow the occurrence of the entire range of intonation patterns existing in English. Conversational

1. Аpproaches to division of English.

A. Historical  B. According to writing documents  C. by  grammar categories   D. A, D, C

2. The Middle English period is the period from the …up to …century.

A. 15th to 16th   B. 5th to 7th   C. 5th to 9th D. 15th to 17th

3. What are main phonetic process in the Old English period

 A. palatal mutation  B. breaking  C. velar mutation D. diphthongization

 4.      Can Verner’s Law explain the appearance and development of voiceless fricatives in Old English?

5.      

5. bhrata →broðar; bala → pol; granum → kaurn are examples of …

A. Verner’s Law  B. Great Vowel Shift  C. velar mutation D. Grimm’s Law

 

6.      What principle is used for the division for the Old English nouns into certain declensions?

             A. gender                   B. suffix         C. stem                       D. ending

 

7.      The existence of proto-language dates back to …

 A. 15 century   B. 10 century  C. 8 century      D. A, B, C.

 8. The adjective declensions of Old English?

            A. 7                 B. 2         C. 4                        D. 5

 9. The most remarkable works of Old English? 

 

10. What prominent scholars of  Old English period you know?

 11. There are …classes of OE weak verbs

A. 2        B. 3       C. 4                    D.  5

12. How many strong verbs in Old English?

A. 4       B. 17     C.  6                D. A, B, C.

 13. What verbs in OE listed are irregular

     A. 2 - beon, gan B. 3 - beon, don  C. 4 -  gan, don, willan D. 5 - beon, gan, willan, witan

 14. What are the internal ways of enriching the vocabulary in OE

A. morphological B. syntactic  C. Syntactic and semantic D. A, B, C.

 15. Traditionally the ME period begins from the year…

A. 998      B. 1044    C. 1066     D. 1147

 17. What kind of change in the Middle English phonology could be called the most fundamental one?

    A. the fixed stress on the second syllable B. leveling of vowels in unstressed syllables

            C. monophthongization                                 D. creation of new diphthongs

 18. How many case forms of nouns survived in Middle English after leveling of endings?

A. 2                 B. 3

C. 1                 D. 4

19. Which form of adjective lost all the endings in Middle English?

A. strong singular       B. strong plural           C. weak singular         D. weak plural

 20. What type of verbs in Middle English became greater and continued to grow?

A. strong                    B. weak          C. preterite-present     D. irregular

 21. Numerals in ME …

         A. declined  B. had the category of gender C. lost the category of gender   D. no longer declined

 22. What is a new part of speech in the ME appeared

A. Preposition    B. the Article    C. Pronoun           D. Particle

 

23. Word order in ME syntax was

A. Liberal   B. Fixed     C. A and B  D. Not clear

 24. The result of the Great Vowel Shift caused

      A. short diphthongs         B. long diphthongs  C. shwa sounds D. A, B, C.

 25. What is a completely new phenomenon in the Early New English word-formation?

      A. derivation        B. compounding         C. semantic word building     D. conversion

 26. When the Early New English begins

A. 19 th century  B. 18 th   century    C. 20 th century   D. 

 28. Nouns in Early New English …the category of gender

         A. preserved            B. lost       C. partly preserved        D. partly lost

1

Балів: 1

Where is the semantic centre of an utterance in normal speech located on?

Виберіть одну відповідь

a. First content word

b. Any content word

c. Last content word

2

Балів: 1

Which of the accents of English is American based pronunciation standard?

Виберіть одну відповідь

a. Hong-Kong English

b. Australian English

c. Canadian English

3

Балів: 1

Which of the accents of English is New English based pronunciation standard?

Виберіть одну відповідь

a. Irish English

b. South African English

c. Australian English

4

Балів: 1

A stress on the vowel in the penultimate syllable which is not typically stressed in RP is called:

Виберіть одну відповідь

a. Primary

b. Tertiary

c. Secondary

5

Балів: 1

Which of the following organs of speech does not belong to the roof of the mouth?

Виберіть одну відповідь

a. The alveoli

b. The windpipe

c. The uvula

d. The hard palate

6

Балів: 1

Which of the mentioned below features of a consonant is considered irrelevant?

Виберіть одну відповідь

a. Occlusive

b. Fortis

c. Aspirated

d. Bilabial

7

Балів: 1

Modifications of a consonant under the influence of a neighbouring consonant are termed:

Виберіть одну відповідь

a. Accommodation

b. Assimilation

c. Elision

8

Балів: 1

Which of the characteristics mentioned bellow is odd to the description of the constrictive consonant?

Виберіть одну відповідь

a. Fricative

b. Medial sonorant

c. Lateral sonorant

d. Plosive - occlusive

9

Балів: 1

In this style intellectual and volitional (or desiderative) intonation patterns are concurrently employed. The speaker's purpose here is to direct the listener's attention to the message carried in the semantic component. This style is frequently used, for example, by university lecturers, schoolteachers, or by scientists in formal and informal discussions.

Виберіть одну відповідь

a. Declamatory style.

b. Familiar (conversational) style.

c. Scientific (academic) style.

d. Informational (formal style).

e. Publicistic style.

10

Балів: 1

Which is English type of rhythm?

Виберіть одну відповідь

a. Word-timed rhythm

b. Stress-timed rhythm

c. Syllable-timed rhythm

-ukrainian

11

Балів: 1

How many literary pronunciation accents are there in the USA?

Виберіть одну відповідь

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

-Eastern, Southern, Western-General American

d. 4

12

The usage of this style is typical of the English of everyday life. It occurs both within a family group and in informal external relationships, namely, in the speech of intimate friends or well-acquainted people. Generally speaking this style, unlike other styles, will allow the occurrence of the entire range of intonation patterns existing in English.

Виберіть одну відповідь

a. Declamatory style.

b. Familiar (conversational) style.

c. Scientific (academic) style.

d. Informational (formal style).

e. Publicistic style.

13

Балів: 1

It is considered to be the main variant of literary pronunciation in Great Britain. Its advantages are that it is easily understood in every part where English is spoken and it is understood more than any other variant. It is mostly heard in everyday speech of educated people, at English theatres and on the radio.

Виберіть одну відповідь

a. Northern English

b. Scottish English

c. Southern English

14

This style is characterized by predominance of volitional (or desiderative) intonation patterns against the background of intellectual and emotional ones. The general aim of this intonation style is to exert influence on the listener, to convince him that the speaker's interpretation is the only correct one and to cause him to accept the point of view expressed in the speech.

Виберіть одну відповідь

a. Declamatory style.

b. Publicistic style.

c. Familiar (conversational) style.

d. Informational (formal style).

e. Scientific (academic) style.

15

Балів: 1

Which of the following organs of speech does not belong to the group of passive organs of speech?

Виберіть одну відповідь

a. The alveoli

b. The hard palate

c. The uvula

d. The teeth

16

Балів: 1

The point of this theory of syllabic structure of the word is that in most languages there is a syllabic phoneme in the centre of the syllable, which is usually a vowel phoneme or, in some languages, a sonorant. The phonemes preceding or following the syllable peak are called marginal. The energy, which is the tension of articulation, increases within the

range of prevocalic consonants and then decreases within the range of postvocalic consonants. Therefore, the syllable can be defined as an arc of articulatory tension.

Виберіть одну відповідь

a. Muscular tension theory

b. Sonority theory

c. Loudness theory

d. Expiratory theory;

17

Балів: 1

What is the term for the type of transcriptioon that is used in studying English as a speciality?

Виберіть одну відповідь

a. Allophonic

b. Phonetic

c. Phonemic

18

Балів: 1

Which is the most common type of syllable in English?

Виберіть одну відповідь

a. Vc

b. Cvc

c. Cv

d. V

19

Балів: 1

Which of the head patterns is used for normal speech?

Виберіть одну відповідь

a. descending sliding

b. descending stepping

c. descending scandant

20

Балів: 1

The number of the rhythmic groups depends on:

Виберіть одну відповідь

a. The number of stressed syllables

b. The number of intonation groups

c. The number of words

d. The number of unstressed syllables

21

Балів: 1

Which of the types serves as the base for General American pronunciation?

Виберіть одну відповідь

a. the Western type

b. the Eastern type

c. the Southern type

22

Балів: 1

English word stress is of a complex nature. It is:

Виберіть одну відповідь

a. Dynamic, qualitative, quantitative

b. Dynamic, quantitative, qualitative

c. Dynamic, musical, qualitative

d. Quantitative, qualitative, dynamic

-ukrainian

23

This branch of phonetics is concerned with the study of sound as a result of the activities of speech organs. It deals with our voice-production mechanism, and the way we produce sounds, and prosodic phenomena. It studies respiration, phonation (voice-production), articulation and the mental processes necessary for the mastery of a phonetic system.

Виберіть одну відповідь

a. General

b. Articulatory

c. Special

d. Auditory

e. Acoustic

24 Arrange the following sounds according to the degree of sonority, from the most sonor to the least sonor. Vowels 1

voiced consonants 3

voiceless consonants 4

Sonorants 2

25

Балів: 1

In this style the emotional role of intonation increases, thereby intonation patterns used for intellectual, volitional and emotional purposes have an equal share. Pauses may be different in length but long pauses are more common. This style is generally acquired by special training and it is used, for instance, in stage speech, classroom recitation, and verse speaking or in reading aloud fiction.

Виберіть одну відповідь

a. Informational (formal style).

b. Familiar (conversational) style.

c. Publicistic style.

d. Declamatory style.

e. Scientific (academic) style.

26

Балів: 1

Which of the accents of English is English based pronunciation standard?

Виберіть одну відповідь

a. American English

b. New Zealand English

c. Indian English

27

Балів: 1

Which of the following consonants is not syllabic?

Виберіть одну відповідь

a. M

b. N

c. S

d. L

28

Балів: 1

This style is characterised by the predominant use of intellectual intonation patterns. The characteristic feature of this style is the use of normal or slow speed of utterance and regular rhythm. It occurs in formal discourse where the task set by the sender of the message is to communicate information without giving it any emotional or volitional evaluation.

Виберіть одну відповідь

a. Scientific (academic) style.

b. Informational (formal style).

c. Familiar (conversational) style.

d. Declamatory style.

e. Publicistic style.

29

Балів: 1

The unit of spoken message larger than a single sound and smaller than a word is called:

Виберіть одну відповідь

a. A sentence

b. A syllable

c. A passage

d. A phoneme

30

Балів: 1

What is the prosodic nucleus of rhythmic group?

Виберіть одну відповідь

a. Enclitic

b. Proclitic

c. unstressed syllable

d. stressed syllable

31

Балів: 1

Choose the right order of the rhythmical organization of English prose.

Виберіть одну відповідь

a. A rhythmical group – an intonation group – a phrase – a phonopassage

b. A phrase – a phonopassage - an intonation group – a rhythmical group.

c. A phonopassage - a phrase - an intonation group – a rhythmical group.

d. An intonation group - a phonopassage – a rhythmical group - a phrase.

32

Балів: 1

Which is the place of secondary stress?

Виберіть одну відповідь

a. Between the primary and tertiary

b. After the primary

c. Before primary

33

Балів: 1

This part of an intonation group determines the semantic value of the intonation group, and indicates the communicative centre of the intonation group or of the whole sentence.

Виберіть одну відповідь

a. The tail

b. The head

c. The nucleus

d. The pre-head

34

Балів: 1

Is there a World Standard English, a uniform, regional, neutral, and prestigious variety at the international level?

Виберіть одну відповідь

a. Yes

b. No

1. What is the succession of periods in the history of English literature? RENAISSANCE – ROMANTICISM – VICTORIAN AGE - MODERNISM

2. What is the first known literary work in an English dialect? BEOWULF

3. What is the genre of Beowulf? EPIC POEM

4. When was Beowulf composed and when was it written down? 7th-8th century and the early 11th century

5. Where did the action in Beowulf take place? BEOWULF TAKES PLACE IN 6TH CENTURY IN THE LAND OF THE DANES (DENMARK) AND THE LAND OF THE GEATS (SWEDEN)

6. What monsters did Beowulf kill? GRENDEL, GRENDEL’S MOTHER, THE DRAGON

7. What is alliteration? ALLITERATION is a stylistic literary device identified by the repeated sound of the first consonant in a series of multiple words, or the repetition of the same sounds or of the same kinds of sounds at the beginning of words or in stressed syllables of a phrase.

8. Why is Bede an important cultural and literary figure in England? He is well-known for his considerable writings, the most important of which, “Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum”, has gained him the title "The Father of English History." In addition to being a historian, Bede is also one of the earliest writers of any genre to have emerged out of medieval England. He is the first writer to rigorously cite his sources, rarely making an assertion without having a substantial body of documentation to support his argument. In addition to this, Bede is also known to literature for the composition of a brief poem, known to scholars as "Bede's Death Song" that, despite its brevity, is one of the most important poems for scholars of Old English because it is one of the earliest preserved works written in the language.

9. Who started Anglo-Saxon Chronicle? It was originally compiled on the orders of King Alfred the Great in approximately A.D. 890

10. Who wrote Piers the Ploughman? William Langland

11. What is a romance? the expressive and pleasurable feeling from an emotional attraction towards another person associated with love

12. What is an elegy? is a mournful, melancholic or plaintive poem, especially a funeral song or a lament for the dead.

13. What is a fable? is a short story to teach a lesson, often with animals behaving as humans, or a story that is a lie.

14. What is a fabliau? is a short, humorous and typically bawdy poem

15. What historical period does Geoffrey Chaucer belong to? Medieval

16. What is/are the unofficial literary title(s) of Geoffrey Chaucer? the Father of English literature

17. What is Chaucer’s first known work? Book of the Duchess

18. What social event were the storytellers of The Canterbury Tales involved in? travel from Southwark to the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral

19. What literary genres did Chaucer use for different tales? frame narrative or frame tale - Romance, fable, fabliaux,

20. How did the genres of the tales correlate with the social statuses of the storytellers? a knight – romance, a miller – fabliau

21. How many tales did Chaucer intend to write for The Canterbury Tales and how many did he actually write? 120 - 24

22. Who is the author of the most successful publication of a collection of stories about King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table? Thomas Mellory Morte d’Arthur

23. What are the types of the medieval English drama? liturgical drama, mystery plays, morality plays, farces, miracles

24. What period does Thomas More belong to? Early Renaissance

25. What language was Utopia written in? Latin

26. What does the word ‘utopia’ mean? no-place-land".A utopia is a community or society possessing highly desirable or near perfect qualities

27. What is the genre of Utopia? Fantasy, Philosophical literature, Dystopian literature.

28. What does the name ‘Hythloday’ mean in English? “expert in nonsense”

29. When did English Renaissance begin? 1485

30. Who introduced the sonnet to the English literature? Thomas Wyatt

31. What is the key to the sonnet? 14 lines, rhyme scheme, iambic parameter.

32. What poet is called ‘the poets’ poet’? Edmund Spenser

33. Who were actors equaled in rights to by the Queen Elizabeth’s Decree of `1572? vagabonds, vagrants

34. What was the name of the first regular English playhouse? The Great Theatre

35. The picaresque novel is a genre of prose fiction which depicts the adventures of a roguish hero of low social class who lives by his wits in a corrupt society. Picaresque novels typically adopt a realistic style, with elements of comedy and satire.

37. What type of plays was Marlowe famous for? tragedies

38. What is the name of the man who sought the power of ultimate knowledge in one of Marlowe’s plays? Doctor Faustus

39. What dramatic subgenre do Shakespeare’s most successful plays belong to? tragedies

42 What is the ‘theory of humours’ by Ben Jonson? The term ‘humour’ as used by Ben Jonson, is based on an ancient physiological theory of four fluids found in human body. According to this theory there are four fluids in human body which determine a man’s temperament and mental state. These four humours are: blood,phlegm, choler (yellow bile), and melancholy (black bile).

43. What historical period did John Milton belong to? - Renaissance, Caroline period.

44. What is the genre of Milton’s Paradise Lost? - epic poem.

45. What Eve’s character quality did Satan make use of when tempting her to try the Forbidden Fruit? - She falls in love with her own image when she sees her reflection in a body of water. Ironically, her greatest asset produces her most serious weakness, VANITY. After Satan compliments her on her beauty and godliness, he easily persuades her to eat from the Tree of Knowledge.

46. What part of the Bible served as the foundation for Paradise Lost?- Old Testament, Book of Genesis.

47. What literary trend did Alexander Pope belong to?- Enlightenment, Augustans: 18th-century literary movement based chiefly on classical ideals, satire and skepticism.

48. What is the Enlightenment called the Age of?- Reason.

49. What was the predominant genre of the Enlightenment? – novel or essay – don’t know.

50. Daniel Defo

51. What is the genre of Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels? Philosophic novel

52. What was Swift’s main purpose for writing Gulliver’s Travels? Swift's main purpose in Gulliver's Travels was to illustrate how the English government and society needed a reformation. Swift comically describes a world of political and social stupidity in a way that satirizes the English world that Swift himself lived in.

53. What is the name of humanlike creatures from Gulliver’s last voyage that embody all human vices? Yahoos

54. What is the main feature of the Enlightenment domestic novel? the sentimental style

55. What was romanticism as a trend opposed to? enlightment

56. What authors made up a group known as the Lake Poets? William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Robert Southey

57. Which Byron’s work can be regarded as his poetic diary about his travels around Europe? Childe Harold's Pilgrimage

58. What stereotype did Byron shatter with his Don Juan? the greatest lover

59. What was Mary Shelley’s reason for writing her Frankenstein? Mary, Percy, Lord Byron, and John Polidori decided to have a competition to see who could write the best horror story.

60. For what pamphlet was Percy Shelley expelled from university? The Necessity of Atheism.

61. What literary genre did Walter Scott originate? A historical novel (romance)

62. What was Scott’s first novel? Waverley

63. Which trend did Charles Dickens belong to? realism

64. What Dickens’ novel triggered a school reform in England? Nicholas Nickleby, Dombey and Son, and especially Bleak House

65. What novel by W. M. Thackeray is called ‘a novel without a hero’ and why? "Vanity Fair" The subtitle, A Novel without a Hero, is apt because the characters are all flawed to a greater or lesser degree

66. What literary trend were Bronte sisters the representatives of? Romanticism

67. What problems is George Eliot mainly preoccupied with in her novels? Grim vision of future and religious issues

68. What artistic group coined the term ‘Art for art’s sake’? British Aesthetic Movement

69. What was Samuel Butler’s favourite genre? The theatre of Absurd

70. With the exception of novels, what other works was Thomas hardy popular for? Poetry (Wessex Poems and Other Verses, Poems of the Past and Present )

71. What literary trend did R. L. Stevenson, J. Conrad and A. C. Doyle belong to? - 

72. What famous English aestheticist supported the famous motto ‘Art for art’s sake’? Oscar Wilde

73. What author received the first English Nobel prize in literature for his ‘courage of style’? Kipling

74. What philosophical trends became the foundation for modernism? maybe humanism

75. What Irish author is the Father of English modernism? James Joyce

75. What Irish author is the Father of English modernism? - James Joyce

76. What stylistic device was used by J. Joyce to render the mental processes of his heroes in Ulysses?

- His characteristic mental process is a right-minded method of enquiry, proceeding by comparison among familiar objects;

77. What kind of man did Joyce want to represent with his Leopold Bloom in Ulysses?

The new ‘womanly’ man, as represented by Leopold Bloom in Ulysses

78. What term did Joyce use for the moment when a person realizes the sense of his life?

Epiphany (feeling)

79.What, in D. H. Lawrence’s opinion, is wiser than our intellect?

"My great religion is a belief in the blood, the flesh, as being wiser than the intellect.

80. 1What was D. H. Lawrence opposed to, just like romantics before him?

According to him, people reacted against rationalism because they were bored

(What happened to change this state of affairs? Defenders of romanticism would like to say that human nature cannot be long confined to excessive orderliness and must break free from such constraints sooner or later. Russell gives a rather unconvincing reason for it. According to him, people reacted against rationalism because they were bored: By the time of Rousseau, many people had grown tired of safety, and had begun to desire excitement. The French Revolution and Napoleon gave them their fill of it. When, in 1815, the political world returned to tranquility, it was a tranquility so dead, so rigid, so hostile to all vigorous life, that only terrified conservatives could endure it.)

81. What were the it was banned because it had explicit sex scenes too racy for the time?

іt was banned because it had explicit sex scenes too racy for the time

82. What is the genre of A. Huxley’s Brave New World?

genre – fiction

(new genre of literature that fuses science fiction, political allegory, and literary ambition)