Unit 3 Optics and Light

Section 4.1
8 Unit 2 Objectives 2012.pdf

An in-depth look at the eye

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Science 8 - Light & Optical Systems


Eye Comparison Assignment


Now that you have dissected and examined the structures of a mammalian eye, you will research and compare this to a non-mammalian eye. You can choose any of the following:

  • Insect

  • Arachnid

  • Reptile

  • Amphibian

  • Bird


If you have a different type of eye that you would like to research, clear it with Mr. Wandler beforehand.


You must include the following:

  • Title with the type of eye and from which organism you are comparing

  • A labeled diagram of the eye

  • A list of the structures and functions for the parts of the eye

  • Description of how the eye works to help the organism see

  • A description of how this eye is different from mammalian eyes and any differences in vision that result.


How you show me what you’ve found out is completely up to you! Some possibilities are:

  • Video or animation

  • Written report

  • Cartoon or Comic

  • Code a Scratch Story

  • - Book Creator


Be creative! I am excited to see what you come up with!



8Unit2Ch4Slideshow09.pdf
blm_2-19_chapter_4_review.pdf
8unit2bookletchapter42012.pdf
sc8.2_optics_-_chapter_4_review_sheet_from_outcomes_2016
blm_2-03_chapter_4_key_term.pdf
blm_2-04_chapter_4_key_term.pdf

Electromagnetic Spectrum

When we think of light we usually think of light we can see -- visible light. Visible light in fact represents a very small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. The electromagnetic spectrum is a list of all the types of light in order of their wavelength.


electromagnetic-spectrum-reading-material-grades-6-8.pdf

Before video:

What are some examples of waves in everyday life?
What causes waves?
Do waves move matter as they travel?
How do the terms light, radiation, and waves relate to one another?
What makes on wave different from another?
How do we use or encounter electromagnetic waves in everyday life

https://www.generationgenius.com/videolessons/electromagnetic-spectrum-video-for-kids/

After video:

Microwaves are very efficient at heating water, but all electromagnetic waves can cause matter to heat up. Why this?
Why do some electromagnetic waves have more energy than others?
Name some different types of electromagnetic waves. What do they all have in common? How are they different?
What are some sources of electromagnetic radiation that you have encountered in your daily life in the past week?
Which colour of visible light would have the least energy? Which would have the most energy? How do you know?
What are some examples where using electromagnetic radiation other than visible light to view an object can show us more about that object?





Ways to Make Light

OPTICS types of light






Characteristics of Images


S.A.L.T./S.P.O.T.

There are several ways to describe images as seen in mirrors but the terminology for all is similar. The only really new terminology for this section is virtual vs real images. Virtual images are the common images found in regular mirrors. These images are made of light rays that are perceived by our eyes and brain, but aren't really there. Don't think your brain would fool you like that? Check out the optical illusions underneath the pictures! The pig in the picture below appears to be stinging a mirror, with its reflection below. In actual fact the pig is about 8 cm below sitting on a concave mirror. This is an example of a real image. A real image is seen outside the mirror. The image of the candle on the paper below is also an example of a real image.

S(ize) A(ttitude) L(ocation) T(ype)

S(ize) P(osition) O(Orientation) T(ype)


8Unit2Ch5Slideshow09.pdf
ch_5_blm_2-23_refraction_light_c.pdf
8Unit2bookletchapter52012.pdf
science_8_chapter_5_ray_diagrams
ch_5_blm_2-21_when_light_strikes.pdf
chapter_5_review Questions
ch_5_blm_2-22_reflection_ray_dia.pdf


Plane Mirror

Can you see around a corner?

Laws of Reflection

Plane Mirror

Concave Mirror

Concave Mirror

Convex Mirror


Convex Mirror



PLAYING A TRICK ON OUR EYES

Mirrors (and lenses) can use light to fool our eyes, just like a hall of mirrors we can be tricked by how we perceive objects.

REAL VS VIRTUAL IMAGES

REAL IMAGE:

Formed when light rays from an object converge after reflecting off a mirror, or refracting through a medium.Ex. Magnifying glass, concave mirrors
Real images always appear upside down


VIRTUAL IMAGE:

Formed when light rays from an object diverge after reflecting off a mirror, or refracting through a medium. Our brain incorrectly perceives the light as having converged ‘behind’ the medium.

Ex. Concave lense, Convex mirror

Virtual images always appear right side up

REFLECTORS AKA MIRRORS

PLANE MIRROR:

A reflective surface that is flat

CONCAVE MIRROR:

Reflecting surface that is curved inward like the inside of a spoon

Light rays reflected from it converge (come together).

Ex) reflecting telescope or car headlights

CONVEX MIRRORS:

Reflecting surface that bulges out like the back of a spoon

Light rays reflected from it diverge (spread out).

Ex) side mirrors


Topics 1-4 Unit 3-merged.pdf
8 Unit 2 NEW Chapter 6 2012.pdf


8 unit 2 chapter 6 workbook 2012.pdf




REFLECTION TERMS

RAYS DIAGRAMS:

Diagram used to represent how light travels; each ray has a straight arrow to show the direction of travel










INCIDENT RAY:

A ray approaching a surface

REFLECTED RAY:

A ray that leaves or reflects a surface at the point of incidence

POINT OF INCIDENCE:

Where an incident ray strikes the surface

NORMAL:

An imaginary line drawn perpendicular to the surface (90º angle to the surface) directed outward from point of incidence

ANGLE OF INCIDENCE:

Angle between the incident ray and the normal.

ANGLE OF REFLECTION:

Angle between the reflected ray and the normal.

REFLECTION TERMS

RAYS DIAGRAMS:

Diagram used to represent how light travels; each ray has a straight arrow to show the direction of travel

INCIDENT RAY:

A ray approaching a surface

REFLECTED RAY:

A ray that leaves or reflects a surface at the point of incidence

POINT OF INCIDENCE:

Where an incident ray strikes the surface

NORMAL:

An imaginary line drawn perpendicular to the surface (90º angle to the surface) directed outward from point of incidence

ANGLE OF INCIDENCE:

Angle between the incident ray and the normal.

ANGLE OF REFLECTION:

Angle between the reflected ray and the normal.