Unit 3 Optics and Light
An in-depth look at the eye
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Science 8 - Light & Optical Systems
Eye Comparison Assignment
Now that you have dissected and examined the structures of a mammalian eye, you will research and compare this to a non-mammalian eye. You can choose any of the following:
Insect
Arachnid
Reptile
Amphibian
Bird
If you have a different type of eye that you would like to research, clear it with Mr. Wandler beforehand.
You must include the following:
Title with the type of eye and from which organism you are comparing
A labeled diagram of the eye
A list of the structures and functions for the parts of the eye
Description of how the eye works to help the organism see
A description of how this eye is different from mammalian eyes and any differences in vision that result.
How you show me what you’ve found out is completely up to you! Some possibilities are:
Video or animation
Written report
Cartoon or Comic
Code a Scratch Story
- Book Creator
Be creative! I am excited to see what you come up with!
Electromagnetic Spectrum
When we think of light we usually think of light we can see -- visible light. Visible light in fact represents a very small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. The electromagnetic spectrum is a list of all the types of light in order of their wavelength.
electromagnetic-spectrum-reading-material-grades-6-8.pdfBefore video:
What are some examples of waves in everyday life?
What causes waves?
Do waves move matter as they travel?
How do the terms light, radiation, and waves relate to one another?
What makes on wave different from another?
How do we use or encounter electromagnetic waves in everyday life
https://www.generationgenius.com/videolessons/electromagnetic-spectrum-video-for-kids/
After video:
Microwaves are very efficient at heating water, but all electromagnetic waves can cause matter to heat up. Why this?
Why do some electromagnetic waves have more energy than others?
Name some different types of electromagnetic waves. What do they all have in common? How are they different?
What are some sources of electromagnetic radiation that you have encountered in your daily life in the past week?
Which colour of visible light would have the least energy? Which would have the most energy? How do you know?
What are some examples where using electromagnetic radiation other than visible light to view an object can show us more about that object?
Ways to Make Light
Characteristics of Images
S.A.L.T./S.P.O.T.
There are several ways to describe images as seen in mirrors but the terminology for all is similar. The only really new terminology for this section is virtual vs real images. Virtual images are the common images found in regular mirrors. These images are made of light rays that are perceived by our eyes and brain, but aren't really there. Don't think your brain would fool you like that? Check out the optical illusions underneath the pictures! The pig in the picture below appears to be stinging a mirror, with its reflection below. In actual fact the pig is about 8 cm below sitting on a concave mirror. This is an example of a real image. A real image is seen outside the mirror. The image of the candle on the paper below is also an example of a real image.
S(ize) A(ttitude) L(ocation) T(ype)
S(ize) P(osition) O(Orientation) T(ype)
Plane Mirror
Can you see around a corner?
Laws of Reflection
Plane Mirror
Concave Mirror
Concave Mirror
Convex Mirror
Convex Mirror
PLAYING A TRICK ON OUR EYES
Mirrors (and lenses) can use light to fool our eyes, just like a hall of mirrors we can be tricked by how we perceive objects.
REAL VS VIRTUAL IMAGES
REAL IMAGE:
Formed when light rays from an object converge after reflecting off a mirror, or refracting through a medium.Ex. Magnifying glass, concave mirrors
Real images always appear upside down
VIRTUAL IMAGE:
Formed when light rays from an object diverge after reflecting off a mirror, or refracting through a medium. Our brain incorrectly perceives the light as having converged ‘behind’ the medium.
Ex. Concave lense, Convex mirror
Virtual images always appear right side up
REFLECTORS AKA MIRRORS
PLANE MIRROR:
A reflective surface that is flat
CONCAVE MIRROR:
Reflecting surface that is curved inward like the inside of a spoon
Light rays reflected from it converge (come together).
Ex) reflecting telescope or car headlights
CONVEX MIRRORS:
Reflecting surface that bulges out like the back of a spoon
Light rays reflected from it diverge (spread out).
Ex) side mirrors
Topics 1-4 Unit 3-merged.pdf8 Unit 2 NEW Chapter 6 2012.pdf8 unit 2 chapter 6 workbook 2012.pdfREFLECTION TERMS
RAYS DIAGRAMS:
Diagram used to represent how light travels; each ray has a straight arrow to show the direction of travel
INCIDENT RAY:
A ray approaching a surface
REFLECTED RAY:
A ray that leaves or reflects a surface at the point of incidence
POINT OF INCIDENCE:
Where an incident ray strikes the surface
NORMAL:
An imaginary line drawn perpendicular to the surface (90º angle to the surface) directed outward from point of incidence
ANGLE OF INCIDENCE:
Angle between the incident ray and the normal.
ANGLE OF REFLECTION:
Angle between the reflected ray and the normal.
REFLECTION TERMS
RAYS DIAGRAMS:
Diagram used to represent how light travels; each ray has a straight arrow to show the direction of travel
INCIDENT RAY:
A ray approaching a surface
REFLECTED RAY:
A ray that leaves or reflects a surface at the point of incidence
POINT OF INCIDENCE:
Where an incident ray strikes the surface
NORMAL:
An imaginary line drawn perpendicular to the surface (90º angle to the surface) directed outward from point of incidence
ANGLE OF INCIDENCE:
Angle between the incident ray and the normal.
ANGLE OF REFLECTION:
Angle between the reflected ray and the normal.