my Technical papers

2D TARGET TRACKING USING KALMAN FILTER

Abstract:

It is now quite common in the recursive approaches for motion estimation, to find applications of the Kalman filtering technique both in time and frequency domains. In the block-based approach, very few approaches are available of this technique to refine the estimation of motion vectors resulting from fast algorithms.. This paper proposes an object motion estimation which uses the Kalman filtering technique to improve the motion estimates resulting from both the three step algorithm and Kalman application.

DIGITAL SPEECH SECURITY USING SCRAMBLING

ABSTRACT:

In digital speech security system (DSSS), the analog signal is converted into pulse code modulated (PCM) digital form using an analog-to-digital converter and encrypted before transmission by a special technique (Scrambling with the help of Computer). The desired party can decipher the message by treating the received encrypted data with the same technique. Thus conversation can be carried out without interception. Mathematical Operations are being performed with the help of computer on the bits of the Digital signal which is obtained from the Analog to Digital Converter to obtain an encrypted speech before transmission. Such a system has the property that for the interceptor, the received message appears like noise and thus prevents him from eavesdropping. However, the desired party can decipher the message by once again mixing the received enciphered message with the local replica of the pseudorandom noise (PN) available with him.

TDW RADAR SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS

ABSTRACT:

This paper deals with Terminal Doppler Weather Radar (TDWR) installed in airports to provide wind shear detection services and precipitation reflectivity data to controllers and supervisors. The TDWR’s narrow beam and aggressive ground clutter suppression algorithms provide excellent data on boundary layer reflectivity and winds-in particular the location of thunderstorm outflow boundaries. These data are known to be essential for providing high resolution convective weather forecasts out to two hours. Similarly, its narrow beam could be useful for detection of severe weather signatures (e.g., tornado vortices) with small azimuth extent. Relative to the weather service radar 88-D (NEXRAD), it scans rapidly (e.g., surface updates once per minute), facilitating monitoring of rapidly evolving low altitude wind shear hazards. It is typically located near to population centers and congested airspace, so that it is well situated for supporting weather services for operationally important areas. As the name suggests, the Terminal Doppler Weather Radar (TDWR) was purposely built to serve the terminal area of the airport. Its mission is to detect wind shear and microburst associated with convective stern so as to enhance the safety of aircraft landing and takeoff. It is located near the airport at a distance of 12Km so that it has a clear view of runways, airport approach and departure zones. The TDWR is specially designed to operate in a high clutter environment normally present in the vicinity of airports. It makes use of a variety of methods to minimize clutter and to eliminate the influence of such moving targets as birds, aircraft and automobiles. In this way the TDWR can accurately measure the radial wind speed and its fluctuation from which low level wind shear can be computed. Equipped with sophisticated computer programs, the TDWR is able to automatically detect thunderstorm-induced winds hear phenomena.

Virtual System Prototyping Technology to Optimize Real-time Systems for Power

Abstract:

The designers of most electronic systems are concerned with minimizing the amount of power that the system consumes. This is particularly true in the case of battery-powered portable (often wireless) consumer electronics systems such personal digital assistants (PDAs) and cell phones.These portable products are become physically smaller with each new generation, yet consumers have grown to expect more and better functionality (which requires increased processing capability and performance) and to demand longer battery life. In addition to actually making telephone calls, for example, a modern cell phone may include features such as the ability to act as a personal organizer;play games; take, transmit, and receive still pictures and/or short videos; browse the internet; and so forth.

Modern consumers are becoming increasingly aware of product aspects such as battery life, and such features strongly effect their purchasing decisions. Despite its increased functionality, for example, users expect a contemporary cell phone’s battery to last several hours when in continuous use and five or more days while in standby mode. Products that consume less power have a very significant advantage in today’s extremely competitive markets. Each generation of product planning must satisfy substantial

increases in functionality and performance plus substantial reductions in power consumption.

In the past, the focus of next-generation product planning has been concentrated largely on the micro-architecture of the underlying micro processing units. However, the improvement of the processor micro architecture typically yields only second- or third-order effects with regard to improving performance. By comparison, the overall hardware (platform) architecture and the architecture and algorithmic content of the software that runs on it both have first-order effects at the system level. Creating optimal low-power designs requires making sophisticated tradeoffs in the hardware architecture, the software architecture, and the underlying software algorithms. The creation of successful power-sensitive designs requires system architects and engineers (both hardware and software) to have the ability to accurately and efficiently perform and quantify such tradeoffs. In order to achieve this, the architects and engineers require the ability to access and analyze power data early in the design process.

G.P.S Satellites

ABSTRACT:

The Objective of this paper is to provide an informative overview on GPS (Global Positioning System).It is a constellation of 24 NAVSTARs (Navigation Satellites for Time and Ranging) in six groups of four owned and operated by the Department Of Defense (DOD), is the first positioning system to offer highly precise location data for any point on the planet, in any weather. Today’s GPS receivers are extremely accurate. WAAS (Wide Area Augmentation System) can give us even better accuracy to an average of up to five times better. We can also get better accuracy with Differential GPS (DGPS) to an accuracy of three to five meters. For example Military-approved equipment can pinpoint accuracy with one meter. The signals that are transmitted by GPS satellite are two low power radio signals; designated L1 and L2 .A GPS signal contain information such as which satellite is transmitting information, current date and time, and orbital information. There are some actors that can degrade the GPS signals, which are explained briefly in the foregoing papers. There are wide ranges of applications of GPS on land, at sea, and in the air .The first and most obvious applications of GPS is the simple determination of a “position “ or location. In future this GPS may become very much accurate as currently it is.

These can be explained in a wide view in the following papers.