Sonia Aissa. Doctoral thesis: Robust image transmission over wireless CDMA channels using combined error-resilient source coding and channel error control (advisor: E. Dubois).

Eric Dubois (b. July 20, 1950, Montreal, Quebec.) B.Eng. (EE), McGill University, 1972; M.Eng. (EE), McGill University, 1974; Ph.D. (EE), University of Toronto, 1978. Professor,INRS-Télécommunications, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Université du Québec (1977-1998); Professor, School of Information Technology and Engineering, University of Ottawa (1998- ); Vice Dean  (Research), Faculty of Engineering, University of Ottawa (2002-2005); Director, School of Information Technology and Engineering, University of Ottawa (2005-2008). Fellow IEEE; Fellow Engineering Institute of Canada; Fellow Canadian Academy of Engineering. Doctoral thesis: The discrete Fourier transform in finite rings: theory and application (advisor: A.N. Venetsanopoulos). Master's thesis: Design methods for recursive two-dimensional digital filters (advisor: M.L. Blostein) Publications.

Anastasios Nicolaos Venetsanopoulos (b. 1941 Greece.; d. Nov. 17, 2014, Toronto) Diploma of Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTU), Greece, 1965; M.S (EE), Yale University, 1966; M.Phil. (EE), Yale University, 1968; Ph.D. (EE), Yale University, 1969. Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto (1970-2006); Dean, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Engineering, University of Toronto (2001-2006); Vice-President, Research, Ryerson University (2006- ). Fellow IEEE; Fellow Canadian Academy of Engineering; Fellow Engineering Institute of Canada. Doctoral thesis:Detection and signal design for undersea communications (advisor F.B. Tuteur).

Franz Benjamin Tuteur (b. March 6, 1923, Frankfurt, Germany; d. Nov. 21, 1988, Tel Aviv, Israel.) B.S. (EE), University of Colorado, Boulder, 1944; M.Eng. (EE), Yale University, 1949; Ph.D. (EE), Yale University, 1954. Professor, Electrical Engineering, Yale University (1948-1988). Doctoral thesis: Improvement of signal-to-noise ratio in radars by use of Doppler information (advisor: F. Zweig). Publications.

Felix Zweig (b. Sept. 25, 1916, Fort Wayne, Indiana; d. Sept. 20, 2007, Santa Rosa, California.) B.E. (EE), Yale University, 1938; Ph.D. (EE), Yale University, 1941. Professor, Electrical Engineering, Yale University (1941-1987); Dean, Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University (1961-1966). Doctoral thesis: Theory of the brush-shifting polyphase shunt motor (advisor: A.G. Conrad).

Albert Godfrey Conrad (b. May 19, 1902, Norwalk, Ohio; d. Sept 13, 1990, Santa Barbara, California.) B.A.(EE), Ohio State University, 1925; M.Sc., Ohio State University, 1927; EE degree, Yale University, 1931. Professor, Electrical Engineering, Yale University (1931-1962); Chair, Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University (1943-1962); founding Dean, College of Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara (1961-1970). Fellow AIEE (1949); Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science. M.Sc. thesis (advisor: A.F. Puchstein); EE thesis: The induction motor with paralleled rotor and stator (advisor: C. F. Scott).

Charles Felton Scott (b. Sept. 19, 1864, Athens, Ohio; d. Dec. 17, 1944, Columbus, Ohio.) B.A., Ohio State University, 1885; Proficiency in Applied Electricity (P.A.E.), Johns Hopkins University, 1887 (advisor: Louis Duncan); Sc.D. (honorary), Ohio State University, 1937. Joined Westinghouse in 1888 to work on AC induction motors as assistant to Nikola Tesla; Professor and Chair, Electrical Engineering, Yale University (1911-1933). President AIEE 1902-1903; Fellow AIEE (1925), Honorary Member (1929); Edison Medal, AIEE (1929); Benjamin Garver Lamme Award, American Society for Engineering Education (1930). For a more detailed biography, see J.E. Brittain, "Electrical Engineering Hall of Fame: Charles F. Scott", Proc. IEEE, vol. 95, April 2007, pp. 836-839, doi:10.1109/JPROC.2006.892488.

Louis Duncan (b. March 25, 1862, Washington, D.C; d. Feb. 13, 1916, Pelham Manor, Westchester, New York.) US Naval Academy 1880; Ph.D. (Physics) Johns Hopkins University, 1885. Professor of Electrical Engineering and Director Applied Electricity Program, Johns Hopkins University (1886-1898); founding Department Head, Electrical Engineering, MIT (1902-1904). Member, American Philosophical Society (1886); President AIEE (1895-1896-1897); Fellow, AIEE (1913); Honorary Member of the Franklin Institute. Doctoral thesis: On the determination of the Ohm by the Lorentz method (advisor: H. A. Rowland).

Henry Augustus Rowland (b. Nov. 27, 1848, Honesdale, Pennsylvania; d. April 16, 1901, Baltimore, Maryland.) B.Sc. (Civil Engineering), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, 1870; Ph.D. (honorary), Johns Hopkins University, 1880; LL.D. (honorary), Yale University, 1883; LL.D. (honorary) Princeton, 1896. Assistant Professor of Natural Science, Wooster University, Ohio (1871-1872); Instructor and Assistant Professor of Physics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (1872-1875); Studies at the University of Berlin in the laboratory of Hermann von Helmholtz (1875-1876); Professor, Physics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (1876-1901). Founding President, American Physical Society; Chevalier of the Legion of Honor, Paris (1881), advance to Officer (1896); corresponding member of the British Association for the Advancement of Science; member of the Physical Society of London; member of the National Academy of Sciences (1881); Rumford Prize from the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1883); Matteucci Medal, Italian Academy of Sciences (1895); Henry Draper Medal, National Academy of Sciences (1890). Bachelor's thesis: A design for a non-condensing engine, with a variable cut-off operated by a governor.

Albert Frederick Puchstein (b. Sept. 2, 1886, Ohio; d April 1979, Columbus, Ohio.) M.Sc. (EE) Ohio State University, 1919. Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Ohio State University (1918-1931). Fellow, AIEE (1951). M.Sc. thesis: The preliminary design of transformers, 1919 (approved by F. C. Caldwell).

Francis (Frank) Cary Caldwell (b. Dec. 25, 1868, Ithaca, New York; d July 21, 1953, Ohio.) A.B., Cornell, 1890; M.E., Cornell, 1891; student at the National Polytechnic School, Zurich, 1892-1893. Professor, Ohio State University (1898-1936); founding Chair, Department of Electrical Engineering, Ohio State University (1903-1930). Fellow, AIEE (1913). M.E. Thesis, co-authored with George R. Chamberlain: Heat from electricity.

Maier Lionel Blostein (b. Oct. 21, 1932, Montreal, Quebec.) B. Eng. (EE) McGill University, 1954; M. Eng. (EE) McGill University, 1959; Ph.D. (EE) University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1963. Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University (1963-2000); Emeritus Professor (2001- ); Director, INRS-Télécommunications (1975-1985); President, Canadian Institute for Telecommunications Research (1989-1996). Life Fellow IEEE; IEEE Canada Fessenden Medal, 2002. Doctoral thesis: Sensitivity considerations in RLC networks (Advisor: W. Mayeda).

Wataru Mayeda (b. June 21, 1928, Shizuoka, Japan.) B.S. Utah State Agricultural College, Logan (1954); M.S. University of Utah, Salt Lake City (1955); Ph.D. University of Illinois, Urbana (1958); Doctor of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan (1965). Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Illinois (1958-1977); Professor, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima Prefectural University, Hiroshima, Japan (1977-1985). Author of Graph Theory, Wiley-Interscience, 1972. Doctoral thesis: The application of mathematical logic to network theory (Advisor: M.E. Van Valkenburg). Master's thesis: Synthesis of cascaded constant resistance networks.

Mac Elwyn Van Valkenburg (b. October 5, 1921, Union, UT; d. March 13, 1997, Orem, UT.) B.S.E.E., University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 1943; S.M.(EE) Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 1946; Ph.D. (EE), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 1952. Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Illinois (1955-1966); Head, Department of Electical Engineering, Princeton University (1966-1974); Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Illinois (1974-1988); Dean, College of Engineering, University of Illinois (1984-1988). Fellow, IEEE; Member, National Academy of Engineering; Benjamin Garver Lamme Award, American Society for Engineering Education (1978); George Westinghouse Award, American Society for Engineering Education (1963); IEEE Education Medal (1972); Guillemin Prize (1978). For a more detailed biography and tribute, see T.N. Trick, "In memoriam: Mac Elwyn Van Valkenburg (1921-1997)", Proc. IEEE , vol. 85, Nov. 1997, pp. 1675-1677, doi:10.1109/JPROC.1997.649644. Doctoral thesis: Polarization and fading studies of meteoric radio echoes (Advisors: O.G. Villard, Jr. and L.A. Manning); Master's thesis: A cathode ray spectrograph for the microwave linear accelerator (Advisor: J.G. Trump).

Oswald Garrison Villard Jr. (b. Sept. 17, 1916, Dobbs Ferry, New York; d. January 7, 2004, Palo Alto, California.) A.B. (English Literature), Yale University, 1938; EE Degree, Stanford University, 1943; Ph.D. (EE), Stanford University, 1949. Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University (1948-1987). Member of the National Academy of Sciences (1958); Member the National Academy of Engineering (1966); Fellow of the IEEE (1957), Life Fellow (1982); Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science; Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Oswald Garrison Villard Oral History at the IEEE History Center. Biography in Stanford Report. Doctoral thesis: A new technique for studying meteors and the upper atmosphere (Advisor: F.E. Terman); EE thesis: Design of a multifrequency ionosphere transmitter (Advisor: F.E. Terman).

Frederick Emmons Terman (b. June 7, 1900, English, IN; d. December 19, 1982, Palo Alto, CA.) A.B. (chemistry), Stanford University, 1920; EE Degree, Stanford University, 1922; D.Sc. (EE), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 1924. Professor, Stanford University (1925-1942); Director, Harvard University Radio Research Laboratory (1942-1946); Dean of Engineering, Stanford University (1946-1955); Provost, Stanford University (1955-1965). Fellow of the IRE, President IRE (1941); Member of the National Academy of Sciences (1946); Founding member, National Academy of Engineering (1946); Presidential Medal of Merit (1948); IRE Medal of Honor (1950); Education Medal, AIEE (1956); IEEE Founders Medal (1963); National Medal of Science (1976). For a more detailed biography and tribute, see C.E. Tajnai, "Fred Terman, the father of Silicon Valley", IEEE Design and Test of Computers, vol. 2, April 1985, pp. 75-81, doi: 10.1109/MDT.1985.294869. See also: C. Stewart Gillmor, Fred Terman at Stanford: Building a Discipline, a University, and Silicon Valley, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004. Doctoral thesis: Characteristics and stability of transmission systems (Advisor: V. Bush); EE Thesis: The measurement of transient voltages (Advisor: H.J. Ryan).

Vannevar Bush (b. March 11, 1890, Everett, MA; d. June 28, 1974 Belmont, MA.) B.S. Tufts College, Boston, MA, 1913; Ph.D. (EE) Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 1917. Professor, MIT (1919-1932); Dean of Engineering, MIT (1932-1938); President, Carnegie Institution, Washington, DC (1939-1955); Director, U.S. Office of Scientific Research and Development (1941-1945). Fellow, American Physical Society (1923); Fellow, AIEE (1924), Honorary Member (1949); Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1925); Member of the National Academy of Sciences (1934); AIEE Lamme Medal, (1935); AIEE Edison Medal (1943); Knight Commander, Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (1948); Officer, Legion of Honor, France (1955); 1963 National Medal of Science, President Johnson (1964); and many more. For a complete list, see J.B. Wiesner, Vannevar Bush (1890-1974) A Biographical Memoir, National Academy of Sciences, 1979. For a complete biography, see G. Pascal Zachary,Endless frontier: Vannevar Bush, engineer of the American Century. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999. Doctoral thesis: Oscillating-current circuits; An extension of the theory of generalized angular velocities, with applications to the coupled circuit and the artificial transmission line (Advisor: A.E. Kennelly).

Arthur Edwin Kennelly (b. December 17, 1861, Colaba, Bombay, India; d. June, 18, 1939, Boston, MA.) Principal laboratory assistant to Thomas Edison, West Orange, NJ (1887-1893); D.Sc. (honorary), University of Pittsburg, 1895; M.A. (honorary), Harvard University, 1906; D.Sc. (honorary), University of Toulouse, 1922; D. Eng. (honorary), Darmstadt Institute of Technology, Germany, 1936. Professor, Electrical Engineering, Harvard University (1902-1930); Professor, Electrical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1913-1924). Institution Premium, Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE) (1887); Fahie Premium, IEE (1889); President, AIEE (1898-1900); Fellow, AIEE (1913), Honorary Member (1933); President, IRE (1916); Howard Potts Gold Medal, Franklin Institute (1917); Member, National Academy of Sciences (1921); Cross, Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur, France (1922); Fellow, IRE (1928); IRE Medal of Honor (1932); AIEE Edison Medal (1933). For a detailed biography, see Vannevar Bush, Biographical Memoir of Arthur Edwin Kennelly (1861-1939), National Academy of Sciences, 1940. See also J.E. Brittain, Electrical Engineering Hall of Fame: Arthur E. Kennelly, Proc. IEEE, vol. 94, Sept. 2006, pp. 1772-1775, doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2006.881291. Kennelly introduced the use of complex numbers to describe impedance in his landmark paper A.E. Kennelly, "Impedance," Transactions of the AIEE, vol. 10, pp. 172-232, Jan. 1893, doi: 10.1109/T-AIEE.1893.476800.

Van Valkenburg Ph.D. co-supervisor

Laurence Albert Manning (b. April 28, 1923, Palo Alto, California.) A.B., Stanford University, 1944; M.Sc., Stanford University, 1948; Ph.D., Stanford University, 1949. Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, 1947-1988; Emeritus Professor, 1988-. Fellow IRE (1962); Life Fellow, IEEE. Author of Electrical Circuits , McGraw Hill, 1966. Doctoral thesis: The deduction of the true height of the ionosphere (Advisor: R.A. Helliwell).

Robert Arthur Helliwell (b. September 2, 1920, Redwing, Minnesota.) A.B (EE), Stanford University, 1942; A.M. (EE), Stanford University, 1943; EE degree, Stanford University, 1944; Ph.D. (EE), Stanford University, 1948. Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, 1946-1991; Emeritus Professor, 1991-. Fellow, IRE (1960); Fellow, American Geophysical Union (1967); Member, National Academy of Sciences (1967); Appleton Prize, International Union of Radio Science and Royal Society of London (1972). The Helliwell Hills, a group of rocky hills and low mountains about 18 mi long and 9 mi wide in Antarctica, were named for Helliwell, who was Program Director for the USARP study of very low frequency (VLF) radio noise phenomena. Author of Whistlers and Related Ionospheric Phenomena, Stanford University Press, 1965, republished by Dover in 2006. Doctoral thesis: Ionospheric virtual height measurements at 100 kilocycles (Adviser: K.R. Spangenberg).

Karl Ralph Spangenberg (b. April 9, 1910, Cleveland, Ohio; d. September 15, 1964, Sunnyvale, California.) B.S. (EE), Case Institute of Technology, Cleveland, Ohio, 1932; M.S. (EE), Case Institute of Technology, 1933; Ph.D., Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 1937. Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University (1942-1964). Fellow IRE (1949). Author of Vacuum Tubes, McGraw Hill, 1948, and Fundamentals of Electron Devices, McGraw Hill, 1957. Doctoral thesis: The effect of grid current flow upon the dynamic characteristics of vacuum tube power amplifiers (Advisor: W.L. Everitt). B.S. thesis: A study of transient conditions on a smooth artificial transmission line

William Littell Everitt (b. April 14, 1900, Baltimore, Maryland; d. September 6, 1986, Urbana, Illinois.) E.E. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 1922; M.S., University of Michigan, 1926; Ph.D. (EE), Ohio State University, 1933; ten honorary doctorates. Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Ohio State University (1926-1942); Director, Operational Research, Office of the Chief Signal Officer, US Army (1942-1945); Director, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (1945-1949); Dean, College of Engineering, UIUC (1949-1968). Fellow AIEE (1936); Fellow IRE (1938); President IRE (1945); IRE Medal of Honor (1954); AIEE Education Medal (1956); President ASEE (1956-1957); ASEE Lamme Medal (1957); IEEE Mervin J. Kelly Award (1963); Founding Member, National Academy of Engineering (1964). Author of Communications Engineering, McGraw-Hill, 1932. In 1984, the IEEE named him one of the top ten electrical engineers of all time. For a biography, see E.C. Jordan and G.W. Swenson, Jr., "William L. Everitt 1900-1986", Memorial Tributes: National Academy of Engineering, Volume 4 (1991). Doctoral thesis: The calculation and design of alternative current networks employing triodes operating during a fraction of a cycle (Advisor: F.C. Blake).

Frederic Columbus Blake (b. October 30, 1877, Decatur, Illinois; d. December 9, 1956, Los Angeles, California.) Ph. B., University of Colorado, 1901; Ph. D., Columbia University, 1906. Professor, Ohio State University (1907-ca. 1946). President, Ohio Academy of Science (1919-1920). Doctoral thesis: The reflection and transmission of electric waves by screens of resonators and by grids (Advisor: E.F. Nichols). The doctoral thesis appears to be the same as a paper of the same name that appeared in The Physical Review, vol. 23, Oct. 1906. Figure 1 is reproduced here due to lack of a photograph.

Ernest Fox Nichols (b. June 1, 1869, Leavenworth, Kansas; d. April 29, 1924, Washington, D.C.) B.S. (Ag), Kansas State University, 1888; M.S., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 1893; D.Sc., Cornell University, 1897. Professor, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, with two years leave in Berlin (1892-1898); Professor, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire (1898-1903); Professor, Columbia, University, New York, NY (1903-1909); President, Dartmouth College (1909-1916); Professor, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (1916); Department of the Navy (1916-1920); Director, Nela Park Research Laboratory, Cleveland, Ohio (1920-1924); President, MIT (1921-1922). Rumford Prize from the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1904); member of the National Academy of Sciences (1908). Inventor of the Nichols Radiometer. The result of his master's at Cornell under E.L. Nichols was the first paper in The Physical Review: "A study of the transmission spectra of certain substances in the infra-red," vol. 1, no. 1. pp. 1-18, 1893. Died on stage while addressing the National Academy of Sciences. For a complete biography and transcript of many articles that appeared after his death, see E.L. Nichols, "Biographical memoir of Ernest Fox Nichols, 1869-1924", National Academy of Sciences, 1925. Doctoral thesis: Radiometric researches in the remote infrared spectrum (Advisor: E.L. Nichols).

Edward Leamington Nichols (b. September 14, 1854, Leamington, Warwickshire, England; d. November 10, 1937, West Palm Beach, Florida.) B.S., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 1875; Ph.D., Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany, 1879. Studied at the University of Leipzig with Gustav H. Wiedemann (1875-1876); studied at the University of Berlin with Hermann von Helmholtz (1876-1878); completed his doctoral dissertation (based on the work done with Helmholtz) at the University of Göttingen with Johann B. Listing in 1879. Research Fellow, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, under Henry Rowland (1879-1880); assistant to Thomas Edison, Menlo Park Laboratory (1880-1881); Chair of physics and chemistry, Central University, Richmond, Kentucky (1881-1883); Professor of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas (1883-1887); Professor and Department Head of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York (1887-1919), then Professor Emeritus. Founded the Physical Review at Cornell in 1893 and was editor until 1913, when it was transferred to the American Physical Society. Member, National Academy of Sciences (1901); President, American Association for the Advancement of Science (1907); President, American Physical Society (1907-1909); Honorary Member, Optical Society of America (1916); Elliott Cresson Medal, Franklin Institute (1927); Frederic Ives Medal, Optical Society of America (first recipient, 1928); Rumford Prize from the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1928). Doctoral thesis: Ueber das von glühendem platin ausgestrahlte Licht. Ein Beitrag zur allgemeinen Ausstrahlungslehre (Advisors: H. von Helmholtz and J.B. Listing).

Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz (b. August 31, 1821, Potsdam, Germany; d. September 8, 1894, Berlin, Germany.) M.D., Königlich Medizinisch-chirurgische Friedrich-Wilhelm Institut, Berlin, 1842. Also studied at the University of Berlin and prepared a dissertation under J.P. Müller. Military surgeon, Regiment of Red Hussars, Potsdam (1843-1847); lecturer on anatomy, Academy of Arts, Berlin (1848); Professor of Physiology and General Pathology, University of Königsberg, East Prussia (1849-1855); Chair of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Bonn (1855-1858); Chair of Physiology, University of Heidelberg (1858-1871); Chair of Physics and Director of the Physical Laboratory, University of Berlin (1871-1888); President, Imperial Physico-Technical Institution, Berlin (1888-1894). Foreign member, Royal Society (1860); Copley Medal, Royal Society (1873); Rector of the University of Berlin (1877); elevated to the hereditary nobility by Emperor William I (1882). Author of Handbuch der Physiologischen Optik , translated into English as Treatise on Physiological Optics, in three volumes. Inventor of the Ophthalmoscope in 1851. His student Heinrich Hertz was the first to demonstrate the existence of electromagnetic waves. The Helmholtz Association comprising 16 research centres is Germany's largest scientific organisation. For a complete biography, see Leo Königsberger, Hermann von Helmholtz, translated by F.A. Welby, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1906. Dissertation: De fabrica systematis nervosi evertebratorum (Advisor: J.P. Müller).

Johannes Peter Müller (b. July 14, 1801, Coblenz, Germany; d. 28 April, 1858, Berlin, Germany.) Dr. Med., Universität Bonn, 1822. Assistant to K. A. Rudolphi (his most influential mentor) at the Institut für Anatomie und Physiologie at the University of Berlin (1823-1824); Professor, Bonn (1824-1832); Professor of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Berlin and the Medico-Chirugical Military Academy (1832-1858); Dean, Faculty of Medicine (1835-1836, 1842-1843), Rector, University of Berlin (1838-1839, 1847-1848). Member, Berlin Academy of Science (1834); Foreign member, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (1834); Copley Medal, Royal Society (1854). Author of Handbuch der Physiologie des Menschen für Vorlesungen, volume 1 (1838), volume 2 (1840), Coblenz: J. Hölscher, which was the leading physiology textbook for much of the nineteenth century. Founded theArchiv für Anatomie, Physiologie und wissenschaftliche Medicin in 1834. He is considered to be a pioneer of neuro-physiology. Doctoral thesis: Commentarii de phoronomia animalium (Advisor: A.F.J.C. Mayer and/or P.F. von Walther).

Karl Asmund Rudolphi (b. 14 July, 1771, Stockholm, Sweden; d. 29 November, 1832, Berlin, Germany.) Ph.D., Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, 1793; Dr. Med., Greifswald, 1795. Professor of Anatomy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany (1796-1810); Professor of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Berlin and the Medico-Chirugical Military Academy (1810-1832); Rector, University of Berlin (1813-1814, 1824-1825). Member, Berlin Academy of Science (1810); Foreign member, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (1816); Knight, third class, Prussian Order of the Red Eagle. He was a pioneer in the field of helminthology (the study of worms and especially parasitic worms). For a biography, see J. Müller, "On the life and writings of the late Professor Rudolphi," The Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, vol. 25, Oct. 1838, pp. 221-242. Ph.D. thesis:Observationes circa vermes intestinales (advisor J. Quistorp); Dr. Med. thesis: Observationes circa vermes intestinales, parsII (advisor C.E. von Weigel).

Christian Ehrenfried von Weigel (b. 24 May, 1748, Stralsund, Germany; d. 8 August, 1831, Greifswald, Germany.) Dr. Med., Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany, 1771; Ph.D (hon.) University of Griefswald (1776); during his doctoral studies at Göttingen, he studied under Vogel and Erxleben. Adjunct of Medical Faculty, University of Greifswald (1773-1775); Professor of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medical Faculty, University of Greifswald (1775-1802); Rector, University of Greifswald (1787). Foreign member of the Swedish Academy (1792); appointed principal physician to the King of Sweden (1795); Count of the Holy Roman Empire (1806); Knight of the Swedish Order of the Polar Star (1814); Knight, third class, Prussian Order of the Red Eagle (1821). The genus Weigela of deciduous shrubs is named after him. He invented a water-cooled condensor known as the Liebig condensor. Doctoral thesis: Observationes Chemicae Et Mineralogicae (Advisor: R.A. Vogel).

Rudolph Augustin Vogel (b. 1 May, 1724, Erfurt, Germany; d. 5 April, 1774, Göttingen, Germany.). Dr. Med., University of Erfurt, 1747. Lecturer in Medicine, University of Erfurt (1747-1753); Professor of Medicine, University of Göttingen (1753-1774); Vice-Rector, University of Göttingen (1764, 1766, 1771); Landphysicus (state physician) (1763), Hofrath and Leibmedicus (Counsellor and Physician to the King of England) (1764). Member, Academiae Naturae Curiosorum (1754); Foreign Member of the Swedish Academy of Sciences (1758); Member (1770) and president, Göttingen Academy of Sciences. Author of Practisches Mineralsystem, Leipzig: Breitkopf, 1762, 2nd ed. 1776. Edited Neue Medicinische Bibliothek, one of the first medical review journals, from 1751 to 1773 in Göttingen. Doctoral thesis: De larynge humano et vocis formatione.

E.L. Nichols Göttingen Supervisor

Johann Benedict Listing (b. July 25, 1808, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; d. December 24, 1882, Göttingen, Germany.) Ph.D., Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany, 1834; Ph.D. (hon), University of Tübingen. Professor of Physics, University of Göttingen, Germany (1839-1882). Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1879); Member Göttingen Academy of Sciences. Described the Möbius strip two months before Möbius and published four years before him. Coined the term 'topology' and published one of the first books on this topic: Vorstudien zur Topologie, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht,1848. Doctoral thesis: De superficiebus secundi ordinis: particula prima (Advisor: C.F. Gauss).

Carl Friedrich Gauss (b. April 30, 1777, Brunswick, Germany; d. February 23, 1855, Göttingen, Germany.) Studies at the University of Göttingen, 1795-1798; Ph.D., University of Helmstedt, 1799. Scholar with a stipend from the Duke of Brunswick (1798-1807); Professor of Astronomy and Director of the Observatory, University of Göttingen, Germany (1807-1855); Dean of the Faculty of Arts (1833-1834, 1841-1842, 1845-1846). Member Göttingen Academy of Sciences (1802); Fellow of the Royal Society of London (1804); Lalande Prize, French Academy of Sciences (1810); Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1820); Foreign Associate, French Academy of Sciences (1820); Foreign Member, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (1821); Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1822); Honorary Member, St. Peterburg Academy (1824); Order of the Cross of the French Legion of Honor (1837); Copley Medal, Royal Society (1838); Knight Commander's Cross, first class, Guelph Order, Hannover (1853); medal minted by King George V of Hanover, bearing the inscription MATHEMATICORUM PRINCIPI (“to the Prince of Mathematicians”) (1856), and much more. See the definitive biography by G. Waldo Dunnington,Carl Friedrich Gauss: Titan of Science, New York: Exposition Press, 1955, re-issued by the Mathematical Association of America, 2004. Gauss was one of the most important mathematicians of all time. His contributons include Disquisitiones arithmeticae, 1801; Theoria motus corporum coelestium in sectionibus conicis solem ambientium, 1809. Doctoral thesis: Demonstratio nova theorematis omnem functionem algebraicam rationalem integram unius variabilis in factores reales primi vel secundi gradus resolvi posse(Advisor: J.F. Pfaff).

Johann Friedrich Pfaff (b. December 22, 1765 Stuttgart, Germany; d. April 21, 1825, Halle, Germany.) Studies at the University of Göttingen under A.G. Kästner and G.C. Lichtenberg, 1785-1787; studies at the Berlin Observatory under J.E. Bode, 1787; Ph.D., Carl's Academy (Karls Hohe Schule), Stuttgart, 1788. Professor of Mathematics, University of Helmstedt (1788-1810); Professor of Mathematics, University of Halle (1810-1825). Corresponding member, St. Peterburg Academy (1793), regular member (1798); Corresponding member, Royal Society of Sciences, Göttingen (1793); Corresponding member of the Berlin Academy of Sciences (1812), regular member (1817); Corresponding member, Institut de France (1821). He received his Ph.D. in 1788 on the basis of his prior publications and did not write a Ph.D. dissertation. He completed his first major work in Berlin in 1787, in which he acknowledged the advice of A.G. Kästner: Versuch einer neuen Summationsmethode nebst anderen damit zusammenhängenden analytischen Bemerkungen, Berlin, 1788.

Abraham Gotthelf Kästner (b. September 27, 1719, Leipzig, Germany; d. June 20, 1800, Göttingen, Germany.) B. Phil., University of Leipzig, 1735; M. Phil., University of Leipzig, 1737; Habilitation, University of Leipzig, 1739. Lecturer, then Professor, University of Leipzig (1739-1756); Professor of natural philosophy and geometry, University of Göttingen (1756-1800). Member, German Society of Leipzig (1741); Member, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (1751); Fellow of the Royal Society of London (1789). The crater Kästner on the moon is named after him. Known for his history of mathematics: Geschichte der Mathematik seit der Wiederherstellung der Wissenschaften bis an das Ende des achtzehnten Jahrhunderts, four volumes, Göttingen, 1796-1800. Habilitation dissertation: Theoria radicum in aequationibus.

Van Valkenburg's M.Sc. 

John George Trump (b. August 21, 1907, New York City, NY; d. February 21, 1985, Boston, MA.) B.S. (EE), Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, Brooklyn, NY, 1929; M.S. (physics), Columbia University, New York, NY, 1931; D.Sc. (EE), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 1933. Professor, MIT (1936-1973). Founded High Voltage Engineering Corp. with R.J. Van de Graaff and D.M. Robinson in 1946; Chairman of the Board until 1970; Technical Director until 1980. The King's Medal for Freedom (1946); Fellow, AIEE (1959); AIEE Lamme Medal (1960); IEEE Power Engineering Society Power-Life Award (1973); Honorary Fellow, American College of Radiology (1976); Member, National Academy of Engineering (1977); Gold Medal, American College of Radiology (1974); National Medal of Science (1985, posthumous). For a biography, see L. Smullin, "John George Trump 1907-1985", Memorial Tributes: National Academy of Engineering, Volume 3 (1989), pp. 332-337. John Trump was the uncle of noted businessmanDonald Trump. Doctoral thesis: Vacuum Electrostatic Engineering (Advisor: R.J. Van de Graaff).

Robert Jemison Van de Graaff (b. 20 December, 1901, Tuscaloosa, Alabama; d. January 16, 1967, Boston, MA.) B.S. (mechanical engineering), University of Alabama, 1922; M.S. (mechanical engineering), University of Alabama, 1923; B.S. (physics), Oxford University, England, 1926; D.Phil. (physics), Oxford University, England, 1928; Ph.D. (honorary), University of Utrecht, Netherlands, 1966. Research Associate (1931-1934), then Professor (1934-1960), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Founded High Voltage Engineering Corp. with J.G. Trump and D.M. Robinson in 1946; served as Chief Physicist and Board Member. Rhode's Scholarship, Queen's College, Oxford University (1925); Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1935); Elliott Cresson Medal, Franklin Institute (1936); Duddell Medal, Physical Society (UK) (1947); Tom W. Bonner Prize in Nuclear Physics, American Physical Society (1966). For a biography, see L.G.H. Huxley, "Obituary of Dr. R.J. Van de Graaff", Nature, vol. 214, April 8, 1967, pp. 217-218. Doctoral Thesis: I. Ionization of Hydrogen and Nitrogen; II. Velocities of Ions and Electrons in Gases under a Constant Electric Force (Advisor: J.S.E. Townsend). Master's thesis: Magnetic concentration of the siliceous red hematite of the Birmingham district, Alabama. Robert Van de Graaff is best known as the inventor of the Van de Graaff high voltage generator. The first patent on this device, filed in 1931, is R.J. Van de Graaff, "Electrostatic Generator", U.S. Patent No. 1,991,236, Feb. 12, 1935.

Sir John Sealy Edward Townsend (b. 7 June, 1868, Galway, Ireland; d 16 February, 1957, Oxford, England.) B.A., Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland, 1890; 1851 Exhibition Scholarship, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 1895 (advisor J.J. Thomson), B.A. 1897; Clerk Maxwell Scholar, Trinity College, University of Cambridge, 1898 and Fellow of Trinity College, 1899; M.A., University of Cambridge, 1903; D.Sc. (honorary) , Paris. Wykeham Professor of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, England (1901-1941). Fellow of the Royal Society (1903); Hughes Medal, Royal Society (1914); Knight Commander (KBE), Order of the British Empire (1941); Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur, France; Member, Institut de France. Townsend made many important contributions as a student of J.J. Thomson. Noteworthy is the first direct determination of the elementary ionic charge, published in 1897: J.S. Townsend, "Electrical properties of newly prepared gases", Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, vol. 19, pp. 345-371, 1897.

Sir Joseph John Thomson (b. 18 December, 1856, Cheetham Hill, Manchester, England; d. 30 August, 1940, Cambridge, England, buried in Westminster Abbey.) Studies at Owens College, Manchester (1871-1875); B.A. (mathematics), Trinity College, University of Cambridge, 1880; M.A., University of Cambridge, 1883; Sc.D. (honorary), University of Cambridge, 1920; twenty other honorary doctorates. Cavendish Professor of Experimental Physics, University of Cambridge (1884-1918); Master of Trinity College (1918-1940). Second Wrangler in the Mathematical Tripos and Second Smith's Prize, Cambridge (1880); Adam's prize, Cambridge, (1883); Fellow, Royal Society (1884); Royal Medal, Royal Society (1894); Hughes Medal, Royal Society (1902); Nobel Prize in Physics (1906); Knighted (1908); President of the British Association (1909); Order of Merit (1912); Copley Medal, Royal Society (1914); President, Royal Society (1916-1920); President, Institute of Physics (1921-1923). His experimental graduate studies at the Cavendish Lab were under the supervision of Cavendish Professor J. Strutt (Rayleigh), who Thomson would succeed in this position. His Nobel Prize recognized the discovery of the electron, described in J.J. Thomson, "Cathode rays", Philosophical Magazine, vol. 44, pp. 293-316, 1897.

John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh (b. 12 November 1842, Langford Grove, Maldon, Essex, England; d. 30 June 1919, Terling Place, Witham, Essex, England.) B.A. (mathematics), Trinity College, University of Cambridge, 1865; M.A., University of Cambridge, 1868; D.C.L. (honorary), Oxford, 1883; D.C.L. (honorary), McGill University, 1884; Sc.D. (honorary), Leeds, 1888; Sc.D. (honorary), University of Cambridge, 1888; nine other honorary doctorates. Fellow, Trinity College, Cambridge University (1866-1871); Succeeded as Third Baron Rayleigh (1873); Cavendish Professor of Physics, University of Cambridge (1879-1884); Professor of Natural Philosophy at the Royal Institution (1887-1905); Lord Lieutenant of Essex (1892-1901); Chancellor, University of Cambridge (1908-1919). Senior Wrangler in the Mathematical Tripos and First Smith's Prize, Cambridge (1865); Fellow of the Royal Society (1873); Royal Medal, Royal Society (1882); Matteucci Medal, Italian Academy of Sciences (1894); Copley Medal, Royal Society (1899); Order of Merit (1902); Nobel Prize in Physics (1904); Rumford Medal, Royal Society (1914), and many more. For the complete list, see the biography written by his son: R.J. Strutt, 4th Baron Rayleigh, Life of John William Strutt, Third Baron Rayleigh, University of Wisconsin Press, 1968. He received the Nobel Prize for his co-discovery or argon. His undergraduate teachers were Routh and Stokes. I have not identified any advisor for Rayleigh in his graduate studies. He appears to have been quite autonomous. He did correspond with and get advice from James Clerk Maxwell regarding his early work and laboratory setup. His first paper in 1868 followed on from Maxwell's work. He succeeded Maxwell as Cavendish Professor at Cambridge. And he gave the first correct answer to the question: Why is the sky blue?