Klyosov's Analysis of STRs of R1a-Y2619 Ashkenazi Levites

STR-Based Trees for R1a-Y2619 Ashkenazi Levites‎ > ‎

Klyosov's Analysis of STRs of R1a-Y2619 Ashkenazi Levites

Professor Anatole Klyosov has prepared the following haplotype trees and provided the following analysis concerning the sets of 111-marker and 67-marker STRs for R1a-Y2619 Ashkenazi Levites collected at this site as of August 30, 2014. An index to the numbers appearing in the haplotype trees appears below Professor Klyosov’s analysis. (The men designated as nos. 1-88 have tested to 111 markers, while the men designated as nos. 89-214 have tested to 67 marker; men nos. 1-33 have DYS650<20, while men nos. 34-88 have DYS650=20.)

Professor Klyosov reports:

As I have expected, the haplotype tree happened to be pretty informative. Here is a 111-marker haplotype tree for the 89 individuals:

As one can see, the tree is clearly split into two parts, one on the left and one on the right. The left part consists of 40 haplotypes, and it is younger, which is seen from its tighter and shorter “structure.” The right part contains 49 haplotypes; it is “looser” (“fluffier”), hence, an older one.

It turned out that the “younger” (left) part includes almost all haplotypes identified as SNP YP264/265 (Nos. 43, 44, 46, 55, 57, 60, 62, 67, 68, 69, 74, 78, and 84). Two haplotypes, Nos. 60 and 68, sitting on the base of the wheel, also belong to the left-hand part; they are in fact the base haplotypes, identical to each other and to the base haplotype of the left part. There are only two haplotypes of YP264/265 that sit on the right; they are Nos. 72 (kit 249519) and 77 (kit 296941), and the reason is simple: they randomly mutated in DYS459b from “11,” typical for YP264/265 (on the left side) to “10,” typical for the older, right side branch.

Let’s see, more specifically, what is “young” and “old” with respect to the two branches. All 40 haplotypes of the left branch contain 188 mutations from its base haplotype

13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 30—14 9 11 11 11 24 14 20 30 12 12 15 15—11 11 19 23 14 16 19 20 35 38 14 11—11 8 17 17 8 12 10 8 11 10 12 22 22 15 10 12 12 14 8 14 23 21 12 12 11 13 10 11 12 13 – 32 15 9 17 12 27 27 19 12 12 12 12 10 9 12 11 10 11 11 30 12 12 25 13 9 10 20 15 20 11 23 15 12 15 25 12 23 19 10 15 17 9 11 11

which gives 188/40/0.198 = 24 conditional generations (of 25 years each), or 600 ± 75 years to their common ancestor. If we include to that set two “outliers” (Nos. 72 and 77), which we know belong to YP264/265, this adds 7 more mutations from the above base haplotype, and gives 195/42/0.198 = 23 conditional generations, that is, 575 ± 70 years to the common ancestor, which is within the margin of error.

The right-hand side, older branch, has the base haplotype as follows:

13 25 16 10 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 30—14 9 10 11 11 24 14 20 30 12 12 15 15—11 11 19 23 14 16 19 20 35 38 14 11—11 8 17 17 8 11 10 8 11 10 12 22 22 15 10 12 12 14 8 14 23 21 12 12 11 13 10 11 12 13 – 32 15 9 17 12 27 27 19 12 12 12 12 10 9 12 11 10 11 11 30 12 12 25 13 9 10 20 15 19 11 23 15 12 15 25 12 23 19 10 15 17 9 11 11

It has three different alleles in DYS459b, DYS537, and DYS650, compared with the “younger” branch. Those different alleles cannot be used as “diagnostic” ones, since they are not absolutely stable, and vary in some haplotypes of the branch. However, the common ancestor of the branch has them in his haplotype. That common ancestor lived 333/49/0.198 = 34 à 35 conditional generations, that is, 875 ± 100 years ago.

This figure would be applicable to the branch if haplotypes Nos. 72 and 77 indeed belonged to the branch (for example, if their typing as YP264/265 was incorrect). If we assume (not without a reason) that these two haplotypes should be subtracted from the older branch, we should subtract 8 mutations from the count, and obtain 325/47/0.198 = 35 à 36 conditional generations, that is 900 ± 100 years before present.

Three mutations between the two base haplotypes is equivalent to 3/0.198 = 15 generations, that is approximately 375 years between their common ancestors, and THEIR common ancestor lived (375+900+575)/2 = 925 years ago. This is the “age” of the older branch itself, within the margin of error.

Judging from the SNPs of the older branch, it belongs to Y2630 (kit 144477, No. 53) and Y2619 (such as kit 196865, No. 18, and kit 195398, No. 17), all in the “older” branch on the right-hand side of the tree. It seems that the upper sub-branch on the right belongs to Y2630, and the separate, larger sub-branch (from Nos. 16 through 17) belong to the upstream Y2619; however, we need more Y2630 and Y2619 typing to verify this hypothesis.

The 67-marker haplotype tree is less resolved compared with the 111-marker tree; however, it contains more haplotypes (214 haplotypes):

(A linear version of this haplotype tree is posted as a file at the bottom of this page; click on it to expand it.)

If one considers the whole Ashkenazi Levite dataset, without trying to resolve it to branches, then the Kilin-Klyosov Calculator gives the following TMRCA values:

All 379 haplotypes (111-, 67- and 37-marker): 893 ± 103 years, which should be rounded to 890 ± 100 years to the common ancestor.

214 haplotypes (67- and 37-marker): 917 ± 117 years, which should be rounded to 920 ± 120 years to the common ancestor.

All these figures are within the margin of error, along with the 900 ± 100 years calculated for the older branch of Ashkenazi Levites.

It seems that around 900 years ago an R1a Levite became the ancestor of a future, rather vast population of R1a Jewish people. He had SNP Y2619 and/or Y2630. Around 575 years ago (in about the 15th century), one of his descendants, who already had three mutations in his 111-marker haplotype (in DYS459b, DYS537, and DYS650), and had a new SNP YP264/265, became an ancestor of almost an equally large population of Ashkenazi, many (or most) of whom continued to be Levites.

It seems that the above is a good example of how DNA genealogy operates with data.

* * *

Index to Men Identified in Professor Klyosov's Haplotype Trees

No.	Surname	Kit No.	Most Distant Ancestor	Country
1	Mordecai G.	9602		Lithuania
2	Phillips	40651	Moses Phillips, b. abt 1787, London, England	England
3	Leventhal	53126	Gilbert (Gershon) Leventhal (Levitan)	Lithuania
4	Schiff	N107659	Yekutiel Zusia ha levy Schiff, b. 1850 and d. 1922	Moldova
5	Wexler	241703	Salamon Wexler (@1768 - @1845), Klobuck, Poland	Poland
6	Rowe	4916	Robert Rowe, b Washington,DC, 1909
7	Howards	21282		Unknown Origin
8	Atkins	39003	Leiser Eitingon, b.c.1870, Orsha,Belarus	Belarus
9	Wald	66131	Wald, Alter (Berhometh, Bukovina (Austria-Hungary)
10	Navasky	68589	Kaunas, Lithuania	Unknown Origin
11	Finn	90933	Moshe Pazernov b. before 1750 Vilkomir, Lithuania	Unknown Origin
12	Fern	103076	need earliest known ancestor info	Poland
13	Graff	107789	Emil Graff, b.1873, Miskolc, Hungary(Levite)	Hungary
14	Berd	135285		Ukraine
15	Buchstaber c/o Smith	135721	Mors Buchstaber	Ukraine
16	Pitzele	174958	Israel Pitzele, b. 1725 d.1780	Poland
17	Levin	195398	Zerach Halevi
18	Martin	196865	Alfred Shelby Martin, b. 1931, Philadelphia, PA	Unknown Origin
19	Davies	200249	Elias Davis/Davies 1825 - 1897	Hungary
20	Brown	207748	Father? Unknown adopted (Mother Lena Wile b.1894)	Unknown Origin
21	Grinshteyn	219949	Akiva Greenshteyn (b.1909), born Odessa, Russia	Russia
22	Muller	227160	Hermann Muller, 1854-1927
23	Barnett	233761	Lazarus (Eleazer) Barnett, b 1816 and d 1876
24	Mazabow	242077	Jacob Elias Mazabowski b. Circa 1876 (Mitoi)	Latvia
25	Ross	250988	Morris Louis Baker, 1905-1989
26	Pitzele	270533	Israel Pitzele, b. 1725 d. 1780
27	Anonymous 2013	271084	Im Anonymous 2013
28	Shepard	279622	Shapiro	Russia
29	Elvin	319586	Levin
30	Paradise	333636	John (Johann) Paradise (Paradies) b. 1847 d. 1930
31	Beyfus	E8895	Gobz or Gotz Philip Beyfus 1788-26 February 1845 a	Germany
32	Christmann	N103033	JP Christmann*1726 Silesia -1798	Germany
33	Benaron	Z5E9U	Osovsky, Aaron	Ukraine
34	Hammerman	1155	Elijah Hammerman Halevi b. 1842	Ukraine
35	Heffler	2805	Szlomem Hoefler, b. bef. 1855, Zvyniach, Ukraine	Ukraine
36	O'Neill	6422	Hyman Zweigbaum, b.c.1850, Ukraine	Ukraine
37	Illing	9076	Rabbi Itzhak ha-Levi Hamburger Horowitz, 1715-17
38		16112	Mordichi Chazanoff, b. 1885 and d. 1952	Unknown Origin
39	Greenwald	22380	GREENWALD, Jacob b. ca 1700 of Börrstadt, Pfalz	Germany
40	Greenwald	22536	GREENWALD, Jacob b. ca 1700 of Börrstadt, Pfalz	Germany
41	Iserson	43703	Tzena Buzinover (Buzin) b. Abt 1827
42	Taylor	55964	John Thomas Taylor 1844-1925, North Carolina, USA	Unknown Origin
43	Goldsmith	65218	Aron Yochvedovitch, Belarus	Russian Federation
44	Hill	68355	Shmuel 'Shmelke' Halevi Ish-Horowitz 1615-1696	Poland
45	Cornbleet	95663	Asher-Zelik Korenblit	Ukraine
46	Lee	110775		Unknown Origin
47	Levin	114167	Mordechai Levin, b. ca. 1766, lived Kholopenichi,	Belarus
48	Dorsay	116142	Ralsky - Grodno, Belarus	Belarus
49	Barry	119779	Philip (Fischel) Bary, b1839 Brody, d26Sep1911, NY	Ukraine
50	Weiser	131076	weiser levi 1820-1890	Hungary
51	Page	139431	Wolf Pagurek, b. 1810 Rakow, Poland	Poland
52	Dobkin	139973	Laiba Dobkin dod 1904,Slonim, Belarus	Belarus
53	Mansbach	144477	Jehuda Mansbach d. 1930 Judlowa, Poland	Poland
54	Levine	150511		Unknown Origin
55	Horwood	156060	Shimson Ha Levi HorowitzBorn 1841 or 1842died July	Lithuania
56	Levy	161789	Isaac Levy ( -1695), Spain	Spain
57	Sayers	167413	Nathan SAEVITZ, b c 1879, Romny, Ukraine	Ukraine
58	Klein	171380	Israel Klein, Russian Federation	Russian Federation
59	Roth	177379
60	Garbarz Gover	190924	Mejer Halevi Garbarz Horwic, b.C1750 Sokolow Pod.	Poland
61	Underwood	191096	Charles Wheeler Underwood, b. 1879, Alabama	Unknown Origin
62	Aaronson	211571	Mordecai Aronzon, b.1882 d.1919 Verbovets, Podoli	Ukraine
63	Reinhold	212016	Anton Pollak b 1846 TapioBicske, Hungary; d 1884 W	Hungary
64	O'Neill	218089
65	Ungar	222925	Israel Meyer Ungar, b. abt. 1830-1840	Hungary
66	Lipsie	223394	Simon Lipshitz from Kruz, Lithuania born about 1847
67	Garbarz Gover	225854	Mejer Halevi Garbarz Horwic, b.C1750 Sokolow Pod.	Poland
68	Garbarz Gover	225855	Mejer Halevi Garbarz Horwic, b.C1750 Sokolow Pod.	Poland
69	Horowitz	231989	Gershko Zvi Horowitz, b 1805	Moldova
70	Gajduschek	237576	Shlomo Halevi Gajduschek b1809 Verpelét d1890 Eger
71	Spector	248865	Yonkel Velvel Vodovoz (or Arbit), @1856-1913	Moldova
72	Horowitz	249519	Isaac "Hamburger" Horowitz (1715-1767)	Poland
73	Heiden	250723	John Marvin Benjamin, b. circa 1880	Unknown Origin
74	Horwitz	251286	Zorach Halev Horowitz b 1749 resided Gory,Belarus	Belarus
75	Brown	266609	Itsik Broilowski	Russian Federation
76	Wilson	288077	Salomon Gerrit Gershon Levie-Grin d1741 Amsterdam
77	Leiferman	296941	Avrum Meyer (h'Levi) Leiferman c1840-1914. Ukraine	Ukraine
78	Singer	304899	Meyer Itzhak Halevi Zynger b. 1836
79	Walker	323808	Robert Walker b. abt. 1770
80		324541
81	Israel	331758	ADOPTED
82	Anonymous K	333816	Anonymous K
83	Tannis	N114654	Blums c. 1870
84	Lazarus	N11758	Pejsach Halevi Lejzerowicz, b 1833, Uchanie, Lublin	Poland
85	Cohen	N22757	kagan, kahn, Cohen	Latvia
86	Horowitz	N28585	Moshe Ha Levi Horowitz (Zuckerstein) Jerusalem/Rus
87	Seidman	N4618	Jacob Noah Seidman 1891-1964	Poland
88	Mansbach	ZZZ67Z2	Jacob "the Scribe" Mansbach (@1800-1825)
89	Leventhal	N31221	Leventhal	Belarus
90	Gann	291	Shloma Gen, ca 1800, Lithuania	Lithuania
91	Berger	1723	Moshe (HaLevy) Berger, Uzhgorod, Ukraine	Ukraine
92		2803		Switzerland
93	Straus Jr.	5410	Moises lazarus ca 1770-1798,Rheinland-Pfalz/Rhinel	Germany
94		9508		Unknown Origin
95	Shamberg	18479	Asher Dov Halevy 1800 Jalowka, Poland	Poland
96	Bazes	20195	Jeruchim Bazes, circa 1750, Krakow, Poland	Poland
97	Wheeler	32364	Hyman Knopf, of Melitz, Galicia, Poland	Poland
98	Siegel	43643	William Siegel, b.c 1860, Kupiskis, Lithuania	Lithuania
99	Sacharin	44958	Zev Sacharin,19th c. Konela ( Skolevka-Yustinograd	Unknown Origin
100	Sinclair	49666	Zusman Schulsinger, Poland	Poland
101		50772		Ukraine
102	Kleiger	51684	Kleiger, Ashkenazi Levite	Russian Federation
103		52166		Germany
104	Levinge	54140	Nathan Boris Lev.... France, Russia	France, Russia
105		59998		Unknown Origin
106	Sylvan	60886
107	Greenberg	63501	Hirchel David Greenberg, Poland	Poland
108	Gershoff	67344	Morris Gershoff 1865-1924	Russian Federation
109	Barkai	70594	Moses Finchelstein, b.c.1800, Targu Neamt, Romania	Romania
110	Vitkes	70609	Gessel Vitkes c1830 to cc1880
111	Loewy	71175	Marcus Loewi,b. 1779, Kopec, Bohemia, Aus. Empire	Czech Republic
112		72824
113	Troupp	75909	Leiba Trupp, b. abt 1775	Latvia
114	Dolgow	81579	Dolgow	Belarus
115	Neiman	83466	Yehoshua Zev Ha Levi b c1853, Russia	Lithuania
116	Rottman	84918	Marcus b 1882	Romania
117		93021
118	Berkowitz	94362	Unknown Berkowitz	Lithuania
119	Sandelman	94868
120	Winarsky	99563	Tzvi Dov HaLevi Winarsky d. circa 1895 Kiev	Ukraine
121	Segal	103648	Segal, Pearlstein Ukraine	Unknown Origin
122	Kraft	105153	--; 1895; Parichi, Minsk, Belarus	Belarus
123	Amavisca	106298		Unknown Origin
124	Epstein	109092	Nehemiah Epstein, 1790-1883, Slonim, Poland; Levi	Poland
125	Brewer	109921	Abraham Brewer, 1750 - 1824
126	Bernstein	111155	Yankel Bernstein	Belarus
127	Schischa	112261	Zanvil Schischa, b.1800; Mattersdorf, Hungary	Hungary
128		115494
129	Rzepka	118564	Poland	Poland
130		119944	Raseiniai, Lithuania	Lithuania
131	Neumann	122719	Natan Nata Neuman b.c. 1820, Szobranc, Hun. (Sobra	Hungary
132	Reizes	125522	Melekh Reitzes, Austria	Austria
133	Feldberg	127668	Isaac Feldberg, Maków Mazowiecki, Poland (Lomza)	Poland
134		130105		Hungary
135	Marx	133746	Wolf Marx,1745, Grosseicholzheim, Germany	Germany
136	Gordon	139616	Yossel Halevi Gordon b 1871 Minsk, Belarus	Belarus
137	Frost	143183		Ukraine
138	Pryanikov	143734	Elyash Pryanikov b.1800,Druya, Disna uyezd, Vilna	Belarus
139	Benn	144944		Poland
140	Emdin	145355	David Emdin
141	Korostyshevskiy	146514	Shaya (Шая) Korostyshevskiy, 1850s, Malin, Ukraine	Ukraine
142	Livne	153074		Poland
143	Dorf	154287	Kalman Dorf b.24 Nov 1842 Rozdol,Ukraine	Ukraine
144	Wachtel	156774	Sussmann WACHTEL 1792 Gehaus, Thuringen
145	Barkoff	157105	Ijcek Berghoff, b.c. 1810, Suceava, Romania	Romania
146	Taylor	158039	John Thomas Taylor (1844 NC-1925 TN)
147	Faust	161036	Mosiek Faust, born c. 1798	Poland
148	Levit	161621
149	Steinberg	161748	Menahem Mendel Sztejnberg, Siedlce-Poland1897-1847	Poland
150	Meltzer	166888	Lazer Shmuliov Sklut-Melzer, 1871-1946, Volozhin
151	Siegel	168008	Avraham Tzevi Siegel b c1867 d 1918 Denver, CO
152	Heller	172793
153	Miller	173395	William Robert Miller, b. December 9th, 1930	Unknown Origin
154	Kowalsky	175107	Itsik Kovalsky, Utena Lithuania abt. 1775	Lithuania
155	Troop	178080	need oldest known paternal ancestor info	Unknown Origin
156		185770
157	Landau	192603	Shmuel Landau, Brailov, Ukraine	Ukraine
158		196045
159		200713
160	Bliss	208320	need earliest known paternal ancestor info
161	Kritz	211075	need earliest known ancestor info	Unknown Origin
162	SACKS	213421		Jurbarkas, Lithuania
163		213566		Austria
164	Czerwick	220657	Franciszek Czerwik, b.c. 1796, Bargly, Poland
165		225076		Russian Federation
166	Peister	228407		Unknown Origin
167	Stanley	233086	Henry Stanley b.c1858 d. 1946
168	Stone	236744	Benjamin Steinman	Russian Federation
169	Hilson	237542	Simon Hilson	Latvia
170	Boekman	237547	Moses Eliazar Boekman b.1780 and d.1843	Netherlands
171	Bines	245126	Eugene (Gedalia) Bines, b.1922 and d. 2008
172	Gilman	251578	Chaim Ha Levi Gittleman	Poland
173	Gowen	252349	Bach, Unknown
174	Orkin/Arkin	258825	Michael Orkin/Arkin, b. 1860 and d. ?
175	Lee	269786	Simon Levy	Lithuania
176	Culmann	279725	Emanuel Culmann, d. 13 July 1864
177	Sigal	281126	Henich sin Iancu Sigal (@1840-1912), Botosani	Romania
178		284342
179	Rockstein	292919	Moses Ruckenstein b abt 1830
180	Dubnik	317372	Mendel Dubnik
181	Meikler/Maykler	319467	Berko Meikler/Maykler b.circa 1840;Bolavus
182	Isaacs	324546	Isaacs, Malerman
183	Bernstein	325899
184	Seigle	352736	Israel Segal, b. 1869
185	Baum	38A75	David Baum
186	Livne	54MJ8
187	Comisarow	AUHCH	Raseiniai, Lithuania	Lithuania
188	Chadwick	B2024	Frank Fischer	Germany
189	Alexander	E6436
190	Klein	H44EB
191	Moss	M8HV2	Mastosky
192	Klein	N10434	Max Klein, 1907-1995, Trnava, Slovacia (was Austra	Slovakia
193	Primas	N107281	Primas	Russian Federation
194		N113205		Ukraine
195	Dinberg	N16087	Elia Trupin, b. bef. 1800, Dinaburg, Latvia	Latvia
196	Quevy	N166944
197	Siegel	N21505	SJ Siegel
198	Drelich	N25993	Gershon Drillich b. c. 1775
199	Kunin	N35379	Abram Sversjin, 1895,Gomel, Mogilevka, Belarus	Russian Federation
200	Segil	N55713	Segal/Segil Tryskiai, Siauliai,Kaunas, Lith. c1790	Lithuania
201	Zwieback	N60182	Leopold Zwieback, b. abt 1813	Hungary
202	Genick	N74148	Genick	Ukraine
203	Rothenberg	N77297	Elias Benjamin Rothenberg, 1854	Ukraine
204	Olitsky	N79500
205	Leighton	N81676	Arthur Leidert, 9 November 1875 - 10 April 1939, P	Germany
206	Olschansky	N82629	Isador Olschansky, 1900 Russia	Russian Federation
207	Star	N89251	need earliest known paternal ancestor info	Unknown Origin
208	Dean	N98347	James Leigh (Levy)	Scotland
209	Levinsohn	PNJS2		Jurbarkas, Lithuania
210	Shaw	PQW6R	Mattersdorf, Hungary
211	Van Raalte	RTK44		Raalte, Netherlands
212	Brousse	ZZZ67Z1
213	Levit	ZZZ67Z2
214	Meyers	ZZZ67Z3

A linear version of Professor Klyosov's 67-marker haplotype tree is attached as a file at the bottom of this page; click on it to expand it.

Thanks to Meir G. Gover for his assistance in facilitating this article.

Click here to read the e-mails exchanged between Professor Klyosov and Jeff Wexler concerning, among other things, the use of a small number of STRs to predict SNPs among R1a-Y2619 Ashkenazi Levites.

Subpages (1): Colloquy re Use of STRs to Predict SNPs

2014_R1a_Levites_67_214_linear.gif

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jeffwexler@ca.rr.com,

Aug 30, 2014, 9:50 PM

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