Venkel Algemene en botanische informatie Familie: Schermbloemigen (Apiaceae of Umbelliferae).  Naam: Venkel (Nl.), Fenouil (Fr.), Fenckel (D.), Fennel (E.). Volksnaam: Vennekool, Windzaad. Naamverklaring: Venkel is afgeleid van het woord 'klein koren'. Soorten:
Materia Medica, gebruikte delen van Foeniculum Foeniculi fructus, de vruchten van Foeniculum vulgare MILLER var. vulgare (DAB IX) en ook Foeniculum vulgare var. dulce (F. Helv. VII ÖAB). Oogst: De vruchten worden geoogst als ze geelachtig worden, net voor het rijp worden van het zaad. Oogst augustus 1ste jaar Kammfenckel, 2de jaar Strohfenckel. Drogen: Hele zaadschermen in bosjes opgehangen. Bewaren: In goed gesloten potten, buiten invloed van licht en lucht. Beschrijving: Elliptische, tot 10 mm lang op 3 mm breed, rechtstandig of lichtelijk gebogen zaden. Op dwarsdoorsnee 6 in een kring geplaatste oliegangen. Kleur: groenachtig of geelachtig met rechte uitspringende ribben. Geur: zacht, zoet. Smaak: anijsachtig. Samenstelling, inhoudstoffen van Foeniculum ** Etherische olie 2-6 % volgens DAB min. 4 %: - 70 % trans-anethol = zoet, - 3 % cis-anethol, - 15 % d-Fenchon = bitter en kamferachtig. Bewaren kan oliegehalte verhogen. (Duits geneeskruiden congres 1936?) * Vette olie 12-28 % o.a. linolzuur, oliezuur. * Glyceriden 35 %. * Stigmasterin. * Umbelliferone (derivaat van coumarine). * Suikers 4-5 %. * Eiwitten 20 %. * Oestrogene stoffen dianethol en dianisoin (wel of niet aanwezig?) Farmacologie, algemene fysiologische werking van Foeniculum Fructus (Vrucht, Zaad) ** Carminativum ** Spasmolyticum door zijn prikkelende en ontspannende werking op de darmmusculatuur (neuromusculair) en Dilaterend effect op de capillairen * Tonicum voor maag en darmen (darmmusculatuur). * Expectorantium. Door secretomotorisch effect op het epitheelweefsel van de ademhalingsorganen. * Galactagogum (oestrogeenwerking, vooral etherische olie) * Emmenagogum (Valnet) * Remmend op schildklierwerking (Fauron) * Antiseptisch als ophtalmicum (uitwendig) Nota: Relatie met Anijs, Dille en Karwij. Radix (Wortel) * Meer diureticum (Leclerc, Valnet) Indicatie, medisch gebruik van Foeniculum Maag darmstelsel ** Meteorisme, aerofagie, kramp, opgezetheid, dyspepsie. 'Versoet de smerte en krimphinghe des buyks' (Dodoens) * Atonie van de spijsverteringsorganen samen met bitterstofkruiden (Angelica, Gentiana...) * Diarree en constipatie vooral in laxeermengsels om o.a. krampen te vermijden, samen met Cassia of Rheum * Colitis, enteritis. R./ e.o. Carvi + e.o. Coriandrum + e.o. Foeniculum + e.o. Satureja. Ber.: 0,03 g elk per capsule. Dos.: 3 x d. 1 capsule. Luchtwegen * Hoest met slijm, heesheid. Hoestsiroop + tijm + anijs * Astma - emfyseem. R./ Zie receptuur Urinewegen (Foeniculi radix) ** Oligurie, blaasstenen. * Jicht. * Vetzucht, Vermageringskuur Hormonaal ** Melktekort bij borstvoeding + Anijs en Zoethout * Oligomenorroe + hormonaalplanten Ogen * Rode, vermoeide ogen, blepharitis, conjonctivitis: R./ Foenic. fr. 20 g als infuus 15 ' in 300 ml water: kompres en spoeling Andere toepassingen * Doofheid (e.o. in oren verdampen?) Receptuur en bereidingswijzen van Foeniculum Foeniculi Fructus (Venkelvrucht) 1 koffielepel = 3,5 g.
- Liefst gekneusd zaad gebruiken; voor het vrijkomen van de e.o. - Als maagthee ongezoet gebruiken - Als expectorans zoeten met honing. Warm, slokgewijs drinken Species: Species carminativae DAB VI.
Ander recept (Moatti) R./ Menthae fol. 40 mg Foeniculi fr. 80 mg Ind.: astma, emfyseem. Glycyrrhizae rad. 100 mg Dos.: = voor 1 capsule, Fumariae herb. 150 mg 3 x d. 2 caps. Vinum R./
Foeniculi radix (Venkelwortel) 5-wortelsiroop R./
Geschiedenis en wetenschappelijk onderzoek van Foeniculum References
Cwikla C, Schmidt K, Matthias A, et al. Investigations into the antibacterial activities of phytotherapeutics against Helicobacter pylori and Campylobacter jejuni. Phytother Res 2010;24(5):649-656. View Abstract The prevalence of gastric diseases is increasing with H. pylori, the causative agent of acute and chronic gastritis, being a major predisposing factor for peptic ulcer disease and gastric carcinoma. C. jejuni is the most common cause of enteric infections, particularly among children, resulting in severe diarrhoea. Increasing drug resistance of these bacteria against standard antibiotics, and the more widespread use of herbal medicines, favours investigations into additional anti-Helicobacter and anti-Campylobacter effects of phytotherapeutics that are already used for their beneficial effects on bowel and digestive functions. Twenty-one hydroethanol herbal extracts and four essential oils were screened for antibacterial activity using a modification of a previously described micro-dilution assay and compared with the inhibitory effects of antibiotics. The herbal extracts showing the highest growth inhibition of C. jejuni were Calendula officinalis, Matricaria recutita, Zingiber officinale, Salvia officinalis, Foeniculum vulgare and Silybum marianum. Agrimonia eupatoria, Hydrastis canadensis, Filipendula ulmaria and Salvia officinalis were the most active herbal extracts in inhibiting the growth of H. pylori. This study provides evidence for additional beneficial effects of phytotherapeutics marketed for their gastrointestinal effects and identifies new beneficial antibacterial effects for some herbal medicines not currently recommended for gastrointestinal problems. Foeniculum_vulgare_Mill_Protects_against_lipopolysaccharide-induced_Acute_Lung_Injury_in_Mice_through_ERK-dependent_NF-kB_Activation [accessed Jul 26 2018]. Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (fennel) is used to flavor food, in cosmetics, as an antioxidant, and to treat microbial, diabetic and common inflammation. No study to date, however, has assessed the anti-inflammatory effects of fennel in experimental models of inflammation. The aims of this study were to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of fennel in model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury. Mice were randomly assigned to seven groups (n=7~10). In five groups, the mice were intraperitoneally injected with 1% Tween 80-saline (vehicle), fennel (125, 250, 500µl/kg), or dexamethasone (1 mg/kg), followed 1 h later by intratracheal instillation of LPS (1.5 mg/kg). In two groups, the mice were intraperitoneally injected with vehicle or fennel (250µl/kg), followed 1 h later by intratracheal instillation of sterile saline. Mice were sacrificed 4 h later, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were obtained. Fennel significantly and dose-dependently reduced LDH activity and immune cell numbers in LPS treated mice. In addition fennel effectively suppressed the LPS-induced increases in the production of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, with 500µl/kg fennel showing maximal reduction. Fennel also significantly and dose-dependently reduced the activity of the proinflammatory mediator matrix metalloproteinase 9 and the immune modulator nitric oxide (NO). Assessments of the involvement of the MAPK signaling pathway showed that fennel significantly decreased the LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK. Fennel effectively blocked the inflammatory processes induced by LPS, by regulating pro-inflammatory cytokine production, transcription factors, and NO. (PDF) Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Protects against.... Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273065376_Foeniculum_vulgare_Mill_Protects_against_Lipopolysaccharide-induced_Acute_Lung_Injury_in_Mice_through_ERK-dependent_NF-kB_Activation [accessed Jul 26 2018]. Pharmazie. 2004 Jul;59(7):561-4. Possible mechanism(s) for relaxant effects of Foeniculum vulgare on guinea pig tracheal chains. Boskabady MH1, Khatami A, Nazari A. In a previous study the relaxant (bronchodilatory) effect of Foeniculum vulgare on isolated guinea pig tracheal chains was demonstrated. To study mechanisms responsible for this effect the present study evaluated the inhibitory effect of this plant on contracted tracheal chains of guinea pig. The relaxant effects of aqueous and ethanol extracts and an essential oil from Foeniculum vulgare were compared to negative controls (saline for aqueous extract and essential oil and ethanol for ethanol extract) and a positive control (diltiazem) using isolated tracheal chains of the guinea pig precontracted by 10 microM methacholine (group 1) and 60 mM KCl (group 2, n = 7 for each group). In the group 1, experiments diltiazem, ethanol extract, and essential oil from Foeniculum vulgare showed a significant relaxant effect on methacholine induced contraction of tracheal chains compared to those of negative controls (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). In addition the effect of the ethanol extract was significantly greater than that of diltiazem (p < 0.001). However, the aqueous extract did not show any relaxant effect in group 1. In the group 2 experiments, only diltiazem showed a significant relaxant effect on KCl induced contraction of tracheal chains (p < 0.001). The relaxant effects of ethanol extracts and essential oil obtained in the group 2 experiments were significantly lower than those in group 1 (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). These results confirm the bronchodilatory effects of ethanol extract and essential oil from Foeniculum vulgare. However with regard to the effect of KCl on calcium channels, the results indicated that the inhibitory effect of ethanol extracts and essential oil from Foeniculum vulgare on calcium channels is not contributing to their relaxant (bronchodilatory) effects on guinea pig tracheal chains. However the results suggest a potassium channel opening effect for this plant, which may contribute on its relaxant effect on guinea pig tracheal chains. |