Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. (Albania, Austria, Belgium, Baleares, England, Bulgaria, Corsica, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Switzerland, Netherlands, Andorra, Spain, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Serbia & Kosovo, Montenegro, Macedonia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia & Hercegovina, Portugal, Malta, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sardinia, Sicily, Sweden, Crimea, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, W-, C-, N- & E-European Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Northern Caucasus, Armenia, Georgia [Caucasus], Azerbaijan, Siberia (W-Siberia, C-Siberia), Russian Far East, Australia (I) (South Australia (I), New South Wales (I), Victoria (I)), Algeria, NW-India, South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.), Lesotho, Swaziland, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Chad, Djibouti, Sudan, New Zealand (I), New Caledonia (I), China (Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan), Tibet, Kazakhstan, North Korea, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan (Baluchistan, Kurram, N.W.Frontier Prov., Swat, Murree, Hazara, Chitral), Pakistani Kashmir (Gilgit), Jammu & Kashmir (Kashmir, Nubra, Ladakh), Myanmar [Burma] (Shan), Bhutan, Chumbi, India, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Japan (I), Mauritius (I), Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia), Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus), East Greece (incl. Kiklades), Crete, East Aegaean Isl., Rhodos, Egypt (Desert Oases, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt, SE-Egypt), European Turkey, Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran), Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, W-Iraq: Desert), Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, Judean Desert), Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania), Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon), Saudi Arabia (Hejaz, Asir), Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, S-Sinai), Syria (coastal W-Syria, Jazira, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains), Yemen (N-Inner Yemen, Tihama, W-Yemen), Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Faial, Flores Isl.), Madeira (Madeira Isl.), Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, La Palma), Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl., Ilha de Sao Tiago), Alaska (I), USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming), Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan), Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chubut, Cordoba, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, Tierra del Fuego, Tucuman), Chile (Tarapaca, Atacama, Coquimbo, Valparaiso, O'Higgins, Maule, Bio Bio, Araucania, Los Lagos, Aisen, Juan Fdz. Isl., Reg. Metropolitana), Uruguay (Canelones, Montevideo), Bolivia (La Paz), Peru as per Catalogue of life)
Veronica anagalloides Guss. (Albania, Austria, Baleares, Bulgaria, Corsica, Czech Republic, Slovakia, France, Germany, Spain, Hungary, Italy, Montenegro, Serbia & Kosovo, ?Macedonia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia & Hercegovina, Portugal, Romania, C-, E- & W-European Russia, Ukraine, Crimea, Sardinia, Sicily, Northern Caucasus, Siberia (W-Siberia), Russian Far East (I), Algeria, China (Gansu, Heilongjiang, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi), Tibet, Afghanistan (Kabul, Qunduz, Samangan), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan (Quetta, Kurram, Hazara, Swat), Pakistani Kashmir (Gilgit, Baltistan), Jammu & Kashmir (Dras, Kashmir, Ladakh), Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia), Greece (incl. Kiklades), Crete, East Aegaean Isl., Rhodos, Egypt (Great Southwestern Desert, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt), European Turkey, Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran), Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq), Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, Negev Desert), Jordania (S-Jordania), Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon), Oman (Dhofar), Saudi Arabia (Hejaz, Asir), Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira), Yemen (coastal Hadhramaut, Tihama, W-Yemen) as per Catalogue of life)
Veronica arvensis L. (Albania, Austria, Belgium, Baleares, England, Bulgaria, Corsica, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Switzerland, Netherlands, Andorra, Spain, Gibraltar, Hungary, Iceland (I), Italy, Serbia & Kosovo, Montenegro, Macedonia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia & Hercegovina, Portugal, Malta, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sardinia, Sicily, Sweden, Algeria, Crimea, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, W-, C-, N- & E-European Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Northern Caucasus, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia [Caucasus], Russian Far East (I), Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia), Cyprus (C-Mountains, N-Cyprus, W-Cyprus), Greece (incl. Kiklades), Crete, East Aegaean Isl., Rhodos, European Turkey, Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran), Iraq (NE-Iraq), Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel), Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon), Syria (C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains), Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan, Takhar), Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.), Madeira (Madeira Isl., Porto Santo Isl.), Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Pakistan (Swat, Hazara), Jammu & Kashmir (Kashmir, Jammu, Poonch), Sri Lanka, S-India, Turkmenistan, Ethiopia, Costa Rica (I), Panama (I), Haiti (I), Dominican Republic (I), Bermuda (I), Australia (I) (Western Australia (I), South Australia (I), Queensland (I), New South Wales (I), Victoria (I), Tasmania (I)), Taiwan (I), Auckland Isl. (I), Jamaica (I), Peru (I), South Africa (I), New Zealand (I), Chatham Isl. (I), Lord Howe Isl. (I), Norfolk Isl. (I), China (I) (Anhui (I), Fujian (I), Henan (I), Hubei (I), Hunan (I), Jiangsu (I), Jiangxi (I), Shandong (I)), Korea (I), Taiwan (I), trop. Africa (I), Madagascar (I), Ecuador (I), Mexico (I), Guatemala (I), Chile (I), Juan Fdz. Isl. (I), Argentina (I), Uruguay (I), Brazil (I), Bolivia (I), Colombia (I), La Runion (I), Hawaii (I) (Molokai (I), Maui (I), Hawaii Isl. (I)), Alaska (I), USA (I) (Alabama (I), Arkansas (I), Arizona (I), California (I), Colorado (I), Connecticut (I), District of Columbia (I), Delaware (I), Florida (I), Georgia (I), Iowa (I), Idaho (I), Illinois (I), Indiana (I), Kansas (I), Kentucky (I), Louisiana (I), Massachusetts (I), Maryland (I), Maine (I), Michigan (I), Minnesota (I), Missouri (I), Mississippi (I), Montana (I), North Carolina (I), Nebraska (I), New Hampshire (I), New Jersey (I), New Mexico (I), Nevada (I), New York (I), Ohio (I), Oklahoma (I), Oregon (I), Pennsylvania (I), Rhode Island (I), South Carolina (I), South Dakota (I), Tennessee (I), Texas (I), Utah (I), Virginia (I), Vermont (I), Washington State (I), Wisconsin (I), West Virginia (I), Wyoming (I)), Canada (I) (British Columbia (I), New Brunswick (I), Newfoundland (I), Nova Scotia (I), Ontario (I), Quebec (I), Yukon (I)), Greenland (I), St. Pierre et Miquelon (I) as per Catalogue of life)
Veronica beccabunga subsp. muscosa (Korsh.) Elenevsky (Afghanistan, China South-Central, Iran, Kazakhstan, Nepal, Pakistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, West Himalaya, Xinjiang as per POWO) Veronica biloba Schreb. ex L. (Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia), Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran), Iraq (NE-Iraq), Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon), Sinai peninsula (S-Sinai), China (Gansu, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang), Tibet, Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan, Baghlan, Bamyan, Faryab, Ghazni, Herat, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Wardak, Orozgan / Daykundi, Paktia / Khost, Parwan, Samangan, Takhar), India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan (Baluchistan, Kurram, Chitral, Swat, Hazara, Murree), Pakistani Kashmir (Gilgit, Baltistan, Deosai), Jammu & Kashmir (Ladakh, Poonch, Kashmir), Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Northern Caucasus, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia [Caucasus], Siberia (W-Siberia), Russian Far East (I), USA (I) (Colorado (I), Idaho (I), Illinois (I), Kansas (I), Montana (I), Nebraska (I), Nevada (I), New York (I), Oregon (I), Utah (I), Washington State (I), Wyoming (I)), Canada (I) (British Columbia (I)) as per Catalogue of Life)
Veronica cana Wall. ex Benth. (S-Tibet, China (NW-Yunnan), Bhutan, India, Darjeeling, Nepal, Jammu & Kashmir (Kashmir), Sikkim, Taiwan, Myanmar [Burma] (Chin) as per Catalogue of Life)
Veronica deltigera Wall. ex Benth. (Uttarakhand, HP China as per Conspectus of the genus Veronica Linnaeus (Plantaginaceae) in India Priyanka Agnihotri, Veena Dixit and Tariq Husain1 - Pleione 8(1): 9 - 16. 2014) (East Himalaya, Nepal, Tibet as per POWO)
Veronica hederifolia L. (Introduced) (Albania, Austria, Belgium, Baleares, England, Bulgaria, Corsica, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Switzerland, Netherlands, Andorra, Spain, Hungary, Italy, Montenegro, Macedonia, Serbia & Kosovo, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia & Hercegovina, Portugal, Malta, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sardinia, Sicily, Sweden, Crimea, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, C-, E- & W-European Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Northern Caucasus, Armenia, Georgia [Caucasus], Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Japan (I), Korea (I), Australia (I) (South Australia (I), New South Wales (I), Victoria (I), Tasmania (I)), Algeria, South Africa (I), Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia), Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus), Greece (incl. Kiklades), Crete, East Aegaean Isl., Rhodos, European Turkey, Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran), Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq), Israel (N-Israel), Jordania (W-Jordania), Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon), Syria (NW-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains), Madeira (Madeira Isl.), Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, Tenerife), Sikkim (I), USA (I) (Alabama (I), Arkansas (I), California (I), Connecticut (I), District of Columbia (I), Delaware (I), Florida (I), Georgia (I), Illinois (I), Indiana (I), Kansas (I), Kentucky (I), Louisiana (I), Maryland (I), Missouri (I), North Carolina (I), Nebraska (I), New Jersey (I), New York (I), Ohio (I), Oklahoma (I), Oregon (I), Pennsylvania (I), South Carolina (I), South Dakota (I), Tennessee (I), Utah (I), Virginia (I), Washington State (I), West Virginia (I)), Canada (I) (British Columbia (I), Ontario (I)) as per Catalogue of Life)
Veronica laxa Benth. (China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Japan, West Himalaya as per POWO)
Veronica persica Poir. (2000 – 3650- March – July- J&K, HP, UK Europe, N. Africa, N.America & S. America, Pakistan, Nepal as per Conspectus of the genus Veronica Linnaeus (Plantaginaceae) in India Priyanka Agnihotri, Veena Dixit and Tariq Husain1 - Pleione 8(1): 9 - 16. 2014. Karnataka & Tamilnadu as per Flora of peninsular India)
Veronica polita Fr. (500 – 2000 mtr. March – August, J&K, Uttarakhand, N. Africa, Norway, S & N. Europe, England, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan as per Conspectus of the genus Veronica Linnaeus (Plantaginaceae) in India Priyanka Agnihotri, Veena Dixit and Tariq Husain1 - Pleione 8(1): 9 - 16. 2014)
Veronica serpyllifolia subsp. humifusa (Dicks.) Syme (Keys from Go Botany:1a. Corolla blue, 5–8 (–10) mm wide; pubescence of pedicels, in part, of viscid or glandular hairs; filaments 2–4 mm long; racemes with 8–15 flowers; larger capsules 4–6 mm wide
… 17a. V. serpyllifolia ssp. humifusa (Dickson) Syme 1b. Corolla pale blue with blue lines, 2–4 (–6) mm wide; pedicels puberulent with eglandular hairs; filaments 1–2.5 mm long; racemes with (12–) 20–40 flowers; capsules 3–4 mm wide
… 17b. V. serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia) (2100 – 4000 May – August- UK (Uttarakhand)- Europe, Australia, N. & S. America, China, Japan, Russia as per Conspectus of the genus Veronica Linnaeus (Plantaginaceae) in India Priyanka Agnihotri, Veena Dixit and Tariq Husain1 - Pleione 8(1): 9 - 16. 2014) Veronica serpyllifolia subsp. serpyllifolia (Keys from Go Botany: 1a. Corolla blue, 5–8 (–10) mm wide; pubescence of pedicels, in part, of viscid or glandular hairs; filaments 2–4 mm long; racemes with 8–15 flowers; larger capsules 4–6 mm wide
… 17a. V. serpyllifolia ssp. humifusa (Dickson) Syme 1b. Corolla pale blue with blue lines, 2–4 (–6) mm wide; pedicels puberulent with eglandular hairs; filaments 1–2.5 mm long; racemes with (12–) 20–40 flowers; capsules 3–4 mm wide
… 17b. V. serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia) (Albania, Austria, Belgium, England, Bulgaria, Corsica, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Denmark, Faeroe Isl., Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Switzerland, Netherlands, Andorra, Spain, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Serbia & Kosovo, Montenegro, Macedonia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia & Hercegovina, Portugal, Malta, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sardinia, Sicily, Sweden, Crimea, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, W-, C-, N- & E-European Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Northern Caucasus, Armenia, Georgia [Caucasus], Azerbaijan, Siberia (W-Siberia, C-Siberia), Russian Far East (incl. Kamchatka), Kazakhstan, China (Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan), Tibet, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu), North Korea, Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania), Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia), European Turkey, Iran (N-Iran), Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.), Madeira (Madeira Isl.), Canary Isl. (Tenerife), Algeria, Bhutan, Darjeeling, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan (Hazara, Murree), Jammu & Kashmir (India), Pakistani Kashmir (Deosai), Alaska (I), USA (I) (Alabama (I), Arkansas (I), Connecticut (I), District of Columbia (I), Delaware (I), Georgia (I), Iowa (I), Idaho (I), Illinois (I), Indiana (I), Kansas (I), Kentucky (I), Massachusetts (I), Maryland (I), Maine (I), Michigan (I), Minnesota (I), Missouri (I), Montana (I), North Carolina (I), North Dakota (I), Nebraska (I), New Hampshire (I), New Jersey (I), New York (I), Ohio (I), Oregon (I), Pennsylvania (I), Rhode Island (I), South Carolina (I), Tennessee (I), Virginia (I), Vermont (I), Washington State (I), Wisconsin (I), West Virginia (I)), Canada (I) (British Columbia (I), Labrador (I), New Brunswick (I), Newfoundland (I), Nova Scotia (I), Ontario (I), Prince Edward Isl. (I), Quebec (I), Yukon (I)), Greenland (I), St. Pierre et Miquelon (I), Costa Rica (I), Falkland Isl. (I), South Georgia Isl. (I), Tristan da Cunha (I), Jamaica (I), Peru (I), South Africa (I), New Zealand (I), Ecuador (I), Venezuela (I), Colombia (I), Chile (I), Argentina (I), Mexico (I), Bolivia (I), La Runion (I), Hawaii (I) (Kauai (I), Lanai (I), E-Maui (I) (Ko`olau Forest Reserve (I)), Hawaii Isl. (I)), Chatham Isl. (I) as per Catalogue of Life)
Veronica stewartii Pennell (Pakistan (Swat, Hazara), Jammu & Kashmir (Kashmir), Afghanistan (Laghman) as per Catalogue of Life)
Veronica undulata Wall. (Taiwan, Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu), Ryukyu Isl., China (widespread), Afghanistan (Nangarhar), N-India, Bangladesh, North Korea, South Korea, Laos, Nepal, Pakistan (Baluchistan, N.W.Frontier Prov., Peshawar, Chitral, Swat, Hazara, Pakistani Punjab), Jammu & Kashmir (Poonch, Kashmir), Thailand, Vietnam, USA (I) (Alabama (I), Oregon (I), Washington State (I)) as per Catalogue of Life)
Veronica ‘Wiri Charm’ (Cultivated)
Keys in Flora of Bhutan: 1. At least some leaves alternate . .. 2 + All leaves opposite . . .. 3 2. Leaves triangular-ovate. crenate-serrate with 3 4 teeth per side: flowering pedicels usually shorter than subtending leaf; capsule ciliate. c twice as long as broad . . .. 11. V. persica + Leaves reniform or orbicular in outline. 3 5-lobed; flowering pedicels +/- longer than subtending leaf; capsule glabrous. less than twice as long as broad .. .. 12. V. hederifolia 3. Flowers sessile or subsessile . .. 4 + Flowers with obvious although sometimes very short pedicels . .. 5 4. Leaves woolly. middle and upper ones densely imbricate and +/- hiding stem; flowers 7 8mm . .. 8. V. lanuginosa + Leaves pilose. not imbricate. stem clearly visible; flowers 3 -4 mm I0. V. cephaloides 5. Leaves petiolate . . .. 6 + Leaves sessile . .. 9 6. lnflorescence umbel-like. consisting of a pair of sessile racemes 5. V. umbelliformis + lnflorescence not umbel-like. racemes clearly pedunculate . . .. 7 7. Capsule +/- globose. c 3 >< 3mm; corolla c 3mm. scarcely longer than calyx; pedicels 0.7-1mm . . ..6. V. javanica + Capsule broadly deltoid. 3.5- 5.5 >< 7- 10.5mm; corolla 6-7 mm. c twice as long as calyx; pedicels 1.5 3mm . . . .. 8 8. Calyx lobes minutely retuse [use good lens); lower part of stem crisply white-pilose: leaves with 3- 7 (10) teeth per side .. 3. V. cana + Calyx lobes never retuse: lower part of stem reddish-brown-hirsute; leaves with 9-15 teeth per side . . .. 4. V. robusta 9. Stems succulent; bracts 1-2mm. shorter than or subequalling flowering pedicels . . . .. 1. V. anagallis-aquatiea + Stems not succulent: bracts 3 -13mm. longer than flowering pedicels 10 10. Capsule longer than broad or subglobose . . . .. 11 + Capsule distinctly broader than long . . . .. 12 11. Middle leaves 40- 90 mm; corolla lobes hairy outside. 8- 11 mm. longer than 4- 8mm calyx: capsule 7- 8 >< 4mm . . .. 2. V. himalensis + Middle leaves 5-40mm; corolla lobes glabrous. hardly longer than c 3mm calyx; capsule c 3 >< 3mm .. ..6. V. javanica 12. Leaves 10- 45mm. serrate: corolla 4 5mm: capsule broadly deltoid. c 4 >< 8.5mm. only hairy near apical notch . ... 7. V. deltigera + Leaves 6-8mm. +/- entire; corolla c 3mm: capsule obcordate. c 2.5-3 ><3.5* 4mm. ciliate . .. 9. V. serpyllifolia subsp. humifosa Conspectus of the genus Veronica Linnaeus (Plantaginaceae) in India Priyanka Agnihotri, Veena Dixit and Tariq Husain1 - Pleione 8(1): 9 - 16. 2014. Abstract This paper deals with the enumeration of the genus Veronica Linnaeus (Plantaginaceae) in India, a total of 35 taxa have been recorded from India, out of which 32 species are confined to Indian Himalayan Region, while 3 species have extended distribution in the plains of Indian states. Western Himalaya is enriched with 19 species, Eastern Himalaya with 3 species, while other 13 species are common in both. Maximum diversity is observed between 2000 – 2500 m amsl. Veronica is a complex genus having 13 sub-generic taxa widely distributed chiefly in temperate and alpine zones across the world. The group is of high medicinal potential and needs taxonomic and conservation status assessment urgently. Table: Distribution of the genus Veronica Linnaeus in India and in other countries [Abbreviations for Indian state names: Guj = Gujrat; H.P. = Himachal Pradesh; J.&K. = Jammu & Kashmir; Raj = Rajasthan; MH = Maharashtra; MP = Madhya Pradesh; UK = Uttarakhand; UP = Uttar Pradesh; WB = West Bengal] Name of taxa Altitude (in meter) Flowers & Fruits Distribution in India Other Countries V. agrestis Linnaeus 150 – 2900 May -September UK, Raj, UP, Bihar, Orissa, J&K, HP Europe, N. Africa V. alpina Linnaeus, subsp. alpina 2300 – 3700 July - August J&K Europe, N. America, Pakistan, China V. alpina subsp. pumila (Allioni) Dostál 2100 – 3500 July - August J&K, UK Pakistan, Russia, Europe V. anagallis-aquatica Linnaeus 150 – 3400 May – August J&K, HP, Assam, Guj, WB, MH, UK, UP, Raj, Bihar, Orissa, MP Europe, S. Africa, N. America, Pakistan, Bhutan, Nepal, China, Russia V. arvensis Linnaeus 2000 – 2700 April – May J&K, HP, UK Africa, Europe, China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan V. beccabunga Linnaeus 2100 – 4000 May - September J&K, HP, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Europe, N. America, Japan V. biloba Linnaeus 2600 – 3350 April - September J&K, UK, HP Tibet, China, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia V. cachemirica Gandoger 3300 – 4000 June – August J&K India; endemic V. campylopoda Boisser 2100 – 3600 March – June J&K Baluchistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Arabia V. cana Wallich ex Bentham 2500 – 3000 May -August Sikkim, J&K, HP, UK China, Japan, Bhutan,Nepal V. capitata Royle ex Bentham 3400 – 4800 May - September Sikkim, J&K China, Nepal, Pakistan V. ciliata Fischer, subsp. ciliata 2700 – 4700 April – June Sikkim China, Tajikistan, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia V. ciliata subsp. cephaloides (Pennell) D.Y. Hong 3000 – 4500 July -September J&K, UK Nepal, Bhutan V. deltigera Wallich ex Bentham 2400 – 3200 May -August UK, HP China V. hederifolia Linnaeus 1500 – 2500 June - August J&K, Sikkim N. America V. himalensis D. Don 3000 – 4000 June – August UK, Sikkim Burma, Tibet, Nepal, China V. javanica Blume 1000 – 2100 June – July HP, Sikkim, UK, WB Bhutan, Indonesia, China , Japan, Africa, Malaysia, S. America V. lanosa Royle ex Bentham 2400 – 3600 June –August J&K, HP, UK, Sikkim Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nepal V. lanuginosa Bentham ex Hooker f. 4500 – 5200 June - August UK, J&K, Sikkim Nepal, Tibet, China, Afganistan, Pakistan V. laxa Bentham 2100 – 3400 May - August J&K, HP, UK Tibet, China, Japan, Nepal, Pakistan V. macrostemon Bunge 4800 – 5000 July - August J&K, UK Afghanistan V. michauxii Lamarck 1800 – 2500 July - August J&K Baltistan V. micrantha Hoffman & Link 2100 – 3400 May - August J&K, UK Pakistan, Nepal, Tibet, Japan, China V. persica Poiret 2000 – 3650 March – July J&K, HP, UK Europe, N. Africa, N.America & S. America, Pakistan, Nepal V. polita Fries 500 – 2000 March – August J&K, UK N. Africa, Norway, S & N. Europe, England, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan V. punctata Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don 4200 – 5300 May - August J&K, Bihar, Orissa Bhutan, Tibet, Europe, N. & S. Africa, N. America V. robusta (Prain) T. Yamazaki 2100 – 3000 May -August Sikkim Nepal V. salina Schur 2100 – 4000 May -August J&K, Assam, UK Bhutan, Europe, N. & E. Africa, N. America V. serpyllifolia Linnaeus, subsp. serpyllifolia 2400 – 4000 May - August J&K, UK, HP, WB Afghanistan, Europe, Australia, China, Japan, Africa, N. & S. America V. serpyllifolia subsp. humifusa (Dickson ex Withering) Vahl 2100 – 4000 May – August UK Europe, Australia, N. & S. America, China, Japan, Russia V. stewartii Pennell 1200 – 2000 March –May J&K, UK Pakistan V. szechuanica Batalin, subsp. szechuanica 1600 – 4400 June – July Sikkim Bhutan, Nepal, China, Myanmar V. szechuanica subsp. sikkimensis (Hooker f.) D.Y. Hong 1500 – 2900 March –August Sikkim Bhutan, China V. undulata Wallich 1500 – 3000 March – May J&K, UK China, Bhutan, Japan, Afghanistan, Thailand, Taiwan, Vietnam, Korea, Nepal V. verna Linnaeus 1500 – 2500 April –June J&K, HP Europe, Pakistan, Russia, Afghanistan
Species with description & pictures in Flowers of India as on 28.4.15:
Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. (Temperate Europe, Africa, W. & C. Asia, Himalaya (Kashmir to Bhutan), Siberia, China, Korea) Veronica beccabunga L. (N. Africa, Temperate Eurasia, Himalaya, East to W. China) (? Veronica beccabunga subsp. muscosa (Korshinsky) Elenevsky as per FOC) Veronica biloba L. (W. & C. Asia, Himalaya, Tibet, W. China) Veronica cana Wall. ex Benth. (Himalaya (Kashmir to Bhutan), S. Tibet, W. China) Veronica cephaloides Pennell (Himalaya (Kumaun to Sikkim), S. E. Tibet) (syn. of Veronica ciliata subsp. cephaloides (Pennell) D. Y. Hong) Veronica deltigera Wall. ex Benth. (Nepal, Sikkim) Veronica emodi T. Yamaz. (Nepal) Veronica himalensis D. Don (Himalaya (Nepal to Bhutan), S. E. Tibet, N. Burma) Veronica javanica Blume (Tropical Africa, Himalaya (Nepal to Bhutan), Assam, east to S. China and S. Japan, Malaysia, S. America) Veronica lanuginosa Benth. ex Hook. f. (Himalaya (Nepal to Bhutan), S. E. Tibet) Veronica laxa Benth. (Himalaya (Kashmir to Nepal), Tibet, W. & C. China, Japan) Veronica persica Poir. (Europe, W. & C. Asia, Himalaya, introduced to E. Asia and America) Veronica robusta (Prain) T. Yamaz. (Himalaya (Nepal to Bhutan)) Veronica umbelliformis Pennell (Himalaya (Kumaun to Bhutan), S. Tibet) (syn. of Veronica szechuanica subsp. sikkimensis (Hook. f.) D.Y. Hong) Veronica undulata Wall. (Afghanistan, Himalaya (Kashmir to Sikkim), India, east to China, Korea and Japan) Some species found in India with description & keys from Flora of China (Distribution
other than China): Veronica alpina subsp. pumila (Allioni) Dostál [Kashmir, Pakistan, Russia (S Siberia); Europe]. Veronica anagallis-aquatica Linnaeus [Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; Europe, naturalized in North America]. Veronica arvensis Linnaeus [native to S Europe and SW Asia, naturalized over most of the world] Veronica beccabunga subsp. muscosa (Korshinsky) Elenevsky [Afghanistan, Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; SW Asia (E Iran)]. Veronica biloba Linnaeus [Afghanistan, India, Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; SW Asia]. Veronica campylopoda Boissier [Afghanistan, India, Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; SW Asia]. Veronica cana Wallich ex Bentham [Bhutan, India, Kashmir, Nepal, Sikkim]. Veronica capitata Royle ex Bentham [NW India, Kashmir]. Veronica ciliata subsp. cephaloides (Pennell) D. Y. Hong [NW India, Kashmir, Nepal, Pakistan, Sikkim]. Veronica deltigera Wallich ex Bentham [E Nepal]. Veronica himalensis subsp. himalensis [Bhutan, India, Nepal, Sikkim]. Veronica javanica Blume [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Myanmar, Philippines, Sikkim, Vietnam; Africa]. Veronica lanosa Royle ex Bentham [NE Afghanistan, NW India, Kashmir, Pakistan]. Veronica lanuginosa Bentham ex J. D. Hooker [Bhutan, Nepal, Sikkim]. Veronica laxa Bentham [India, Japan, Kashmir, Pakistan]. Veronica oxycarpa Boissier in Kotschy [Afghanistan, Bhutan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Sikkim, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan; SW Asia]. Veronica persica Poiret [native to SW Asia and since the 19th century spread over most of the world]. Veronica polita Fries [native in SW Asia and naturalized over most of the world]. Veronica pusilla Kotschy & Boissier in Kotschy [Afghanistan, NW India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan; SW Asia]. Veronica rubrifolia Boissier [Afghanistan, India, Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan; SW Asia]. Veronica serpyllifolia Linnaeus [widely distributed in north temperate zones and subtropical alpine mountains]. Veronica szechuanica subsp. sikkimensis (J. D. Hooker) D. Y. Hong [Bhutan, NW India, Sikkim]. Veronica undulata Wallich ex Jack in Roxburgh [E Afghanistan, N India, Japan, Korea, Laos, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand, Vietnam]. Veronica verna Linnaeus [Afghanistan, NW India, Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; SW Asia, Europe]. Scrophulariaceae of the Western Himalayas By Francis . Pennell (1943)- Description & Keys- Veronica anagallis-aquatica, Veronica arvensis, Veronica beccabunga (? Veronica beccabunga subsp. muscosa (Korshinsky) Elenevsky as per FOC) Veronica biloba, Veronica cachemirica, Veronica campylopoda, Veronica cana, Veronica cephaloides (syn. of Veronica ciliata subsp. cephaloides (Pennell) D.Y. Hong as per The Plant List), Veronica capitata, Veronica didyma (syn. of Veronica polita Fr. as per The Plant List), Veronica hirta (? Not found in India as per Conspectus of the genus Veronica Linnaeus (Plantaginaceae) in India (2014)) Veronica javanica, Veronica koelzii (allied to Veronica ciliata Fisch as per this book) (? Not found in India as per Conspectus of the genus Veronica Linnaeus (Plantaginaceae) in India (2014)) Veronica lanosa, Veronica lasiocarpa is a synonym of Veronica alpina subsp. pumila (All.) Dostál Veronica macrostemon, Veronica melissaefolia Poir (with V. laxa Benth. as a syn. as per this book) ( ? Veronica laxa Bentham) Veronica nana (syn. of Veronica ciliata subsp. cephaloides (Pennell) D.Y. Hong as per The Plant List), Veronica persica, Veronica perpusilla (syn. of Veronica pusilla Kotschy & Boiss. as per The Plant List), Veronica salina Veronica secunda, Veronica serpyllifolia, Veronica stewartii, Veronica umbelliformis (syn. of Veronica szechuanica subsp. sikkimensis (Hook. f.) D.Y. Hong as per The Plant List), Veronica uncinata (syn. of Veronica rubrifolia Boiss. as per The Plant List) (? Not found in India as per Conspectus of the genus Veronica Linnaeus (Plantaginaceae) in India (2014)) Veronica undulata Veronica verna I am reproducing the key from "Scrophulariaceae of Western Himalayas by F. Pennell, 1943 Portion of the key concerning plants of wet areas D. Pedicels strongly ascending, making the raceme less than 1 cm wide, capsule acutish or obtuse; upper leaf blades serrate, the lower and those of freely developed basal shoots petioled. E. Rachis, pedicels, sepals and capsules glabrous or nearly so; capsule oval in contour, strongly flattened, equalling or slightly exeeding sepals; seeds dull brown ..... 25. V. anagallis-aquatica EE. Rachis, pedicels, sepals and capsules glandular pubescent, capsule pyramidal-ovoid, about 1.5 times the length of sepal; seeds brighter brown ....... 26. V. secunda DD. Pedicels spreading, usually distally upcurved, making the raceme over 1 cm wide; capsule usually rounded or slightly retuse; occasionally even acutish; upper leaf blades remotely and often obscurely crenate-serrate, the lowest sometimes slightly petioled, basal shoots scarcely developed; rachis, pedicels and sepals glandular pilose; capsule sparsely so. E. Capsule 3-3.5 mm long; style 1-1.7 mm long, usually 1/2 as long as capsule or more; leaves obscurely serrate to entire ......... 27. V. salina EE. Capsule 2-2.5 mm long, style 0.5-1 mm long, usually less than 1/2 as long as capsule; leaves usually more serrate, often undulately so ...... 28. V. undulata V. anagallis-aquatica occurs at lower altitudes, scarcely above 2000 m whereas V. salina does not grow below 800 m, ascending to 3300 m or so. The species (Veronica didyma syn. of Veronica polita) is quite distinct from V. persica in smaller pinkish flowers, pedicels shorter than subtending leaves (bracts), broadly triangular ovate leaves (usually broader than long), capsule with rounded lobes, diverging at acute angle or almost subparallel, covered with longer glandular hairs mixed with shorter simpler hairs, broader calyx lobes overlapping at base. European V. agrestis L. has ovate leaves, longer than width, fruit covered with only glandular hairs and shorter style. V. persica, though closer to V. didyma is much different in leaf shape and size, length of pedicel and fruit, which has a widely diverging sinus (obtuse angle) and keeled lobes in fruit. Flower is also larger. V. arvensis, though having similar leaves is much different with subtending bracts much smaller than foliage leaves and aggregated in terminal inflorescence. also the pedicels are much smaller Forest Plants of Eastern India By Amal Bhusan Chaudhuri (1993)- p. 386- Veronica robusta (Prain) T. Yamaz. Veronica umbelliformis Pennell (Himalaya (Kumaun to Bhutan), S. Tibet) (syn. of Veronica szechuanica subsp. sikkimensis (Hook. f.) D.Y. Hong) A Dictionary of the Economic Products of India, Part 4 By George Watt (1883)- Details- Veronica (Plantaginaceae) : 1 post by 1 author I have updated eFI (efloraofindia) page on Veronica (Pl. click). Attempts have been made to incorporate most of the species available in India & nearby areas with details & keys directly or through links as far as possible. It’s quite possible that there may be some discrepancy in the accepted names & synonyms taken from other links. Species discussed so far in efloraofindia are given at the bottom of the page in the form of links against Subpages. On clicking them one can see all the details. If someone can provide complete list of Indian species with source references it will be wonderful. Any comments/ corrections are welcome. Veronica (Plantaginaceae)- comparative images : 2 posts by 2 authors. Pl. go through Veronica (Plantaginaceae) page with comparative images of species in efloraofindia. On clicking the link of species, one can check the complete details. May I request you to pl. go through & point out mistakes, if any. I hope this will aid in identifications in future. If anybody can send images of other species of this genera (for incorporation in the website), if any, or can identify unidentified images, it will be really nice. |
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