Synopsis of the Genus Ficus L. (Moraceae) in India Lal Babu Chaudhary*, Jana Venkata Sudhakar, Anoop Kumar, Omesh Bajpai, Rinkey Tiwari and G. V. S. Murthy- Taiwania, 57(2): 193-216, 2012- ABSTRACT: A checklist of all species of Ficus L. available in the present political boundary of India is provided. About 115 taxa (89 species and 26 infraspecific taxa) of Ficus have been recorded here based on all available information. The taxa have been arranged according to the current classification among six subgenera and 12 sections. The maximum number of the species belongs to subgenera Urostigma. For each species, correct nomenclature with first citation followed by several relevant works and important synonyms has been provided along with Indian as well as world distribution. The taxonomic comments have also been provided for many species, if found necessary. Out of the 115 taxa occurring in India, only 10 taxa have been recorded as endemic. One new combination Ficus hirta Vahl subsp. triloba (Buch.-Ham. ex Voigt) Chaudhary has been proposed. In India, the species are distributed throughout the country from South to North up to the Himalayas at about 2,000 m elevations. The maximum diversity of the species lies in the North-East region followed by the Peninsular region and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The province like Meghalaya in the North-East region has very rich diversity of Ficus as far as the number of species is concerned. List of 115 taxa is as below: Ficus abelii Miq., Ficus albipila (Miq.) King, Ficus alongensis Gagnep., Ficus altissima Blume, Ficus ampelas Burm. f., Ficus amplissima J. E. Sm., Ficus andamanica Corner, Ficus arnottiana (Miq.) Miq., Ficus assamica Miq., Ficus arnottiana (Miq.) Miq. var. courtallensis King, Ficus arnottiana (Miq.) Miq. var. subcostata Corner, Ficus auriculata Lour., Ficus beddomei King, Ficus benghalensis L., Ficus benghalensis L. var. krishnae (C. DC.) Corner, Ficus benjamina L., Ficus benjamina L. subsp. comosa (Roxb.) Panigrahi & Murti, Ficus callosa Willd., Ficus capillipes Gagnep., Ficus carica L., Ficus caulocarpa (Miq.) Miq., Ficus chartacea (Wall. ex Kurz) Wall. ex King, Ficus concinna (Miq.) Miq., Ficus concinna (Miq.) Miq. var. dasycarpa Corner, Ficus conglobata King, Ficus copiosa Steud., Ficus costata Aiton, Ficus crininervia Miq., Ficus cupulata Haines, Ficus curtipes Corner, Ficus cyrtophylla (Miq.) Miq., Ficus dalhousiae (Miq.) Miq., Ficus diversiformis Miq., Ficus drupacea Thunb., Ficus drupacea Thunb. var. pubescens (Roth) Corner, Ficus elastica Roxb., Ficus erecta Thunb., Ficus exasperata Vahl, Ficus fergusonii (King) Worthington, Ficus filicauda Hand. - Mazz. in Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Ficus fistulosa Reinwdt. ex Blume, Ficus fulva Reinw. ex Blume, Ficus gasparriniana Miq., Ficus gasparriniana Miq. var. laceratifolia (Levl. & Vant.) Corner, Ficus geniculata Kurz, Ficus guttata (Wight) Kurz ex King, Ficus hedaracea Roxb., Ficus heterophylla L. f., Ficus heteropleura Blume, Ficus hirta Vahl, Ficus hirta Vahl var. malayana Corner, Ficus hirta Vahl subsp. triloba (Buch.-Ham. ex Voigt) Chaudhary, comb. nov., Ficus hispida L. f., Ficus hookeriana Corner, Ficus ischnopoda Miq., Ficus lacor Buch.-Ham., Ficus laevis Blume, Ficus laevis Blume var. macrocarpa (Miq.) Corner, Ficus lamponga Miq., Ficus langkokensis Drake, Ficus maclellandii King, Ficus maclellandii King var. rhododendrifolia (Miq.) Corner, Ficus macrophylla Desf. ex Pers., Ficus magnoliifolia Blume, Ficus microcarpa L. f., Ficus mollis Vahl., Ficus montana Burm. f., Ficus neriifolia J. E. Sm., Ficus nervosa B. Heyne ex Roth in Nov., Ficus nervosa B. Heyne ex Roth subsp. minor (King) Berg, Ficus nervosa B. Heyne ex Roth subsp. pubinervis (Blume) Berg, Ficus nigrescens King, Ficus obscura Blume var. borneensis (Miq.) Corner, Ficus palmata Forssk. subsp. virgata (Roxb.) Browicz in Rechinger, Ficus pellucidopunctata Griff., Ficus pendens Corner, Ficus praetermissa Corner, Ficus prostrata (Wall. ex Miq.) Miq., Ficus pubigera (Miq. ex Wall.) Brandis, Ficus pubigera var. maliformis (King) Corner, Ficus pumila L., Ficus punctata Thunb., Ficus racemosa L., Ficus racemosa L. var. elongata (King) Barrett, Ficus racemosa L. var. miquelii (King) Corner, Ficus recurva Blume, Ficus religiosa L., Ficus retusa L., Ficus retusa L. var. nitida (Thunb.) Miq., Ficus ribes Reinwdt. ex Blume, Ficus rigida Jacq., Ficus rigida Jacq. var. bracteata (Corner) Bennet, Ficus rumphii Blume, Ficus sagittata Vahl, Ficus sarmentosa Buch.-Ham. ex. J. E. Sm., Ficus sarmentosa Buch.-Ham. ex. J. E. Sm. var. impressa (Champ. ex Benth.) Corner, Ficus sarmentosa Buch.-Ham. ex. J. E. Sm. var. luducca (Roxb.) Corner, Ficus sarmentosa Buch.-Ham. ex. J. E. Sm. var. nipponica (Franch. & Sav.) Corner, Ficus semicordata Buch.-Ham. ex J. E. Sm., Ficus sinuata Thunb., Ficus squamosa Roxb., Ficus stricta (Miq.) Miq., Ficus subincisa Buch.-Ham. ex J. E. Sm. in Rees, Ficus subincisa Buch.-Ham. ex J. E. Sm. var. paucidentata (Miq.) Corner, Ficus subulata Blume, Ficus sundaica Blume, Ficus superba (Miq.) Miq., Ficus talbotii King, Ficus tinctoria G. Forst. subsp. gibbosa (Blume) Corner, Ficus trimenii King, Ficus tsjahela Burm. f., Ficus variegata Blume, Ficus villosa Blume, Ficus virens Aiton, Ficus virens Aiton var. sublanceolata (Miq.) Corner
Species with description & pictures in Flowers of India as on 13.3.14:
Ficus amplissima Smith Ficus benghalensis var. benghalensis Ficus benghalensis var. krishnae Ficus neriifolia var. nemoralis
Species in annotated checklist of the flowering plants of Nepal : Ficus arnottiana var. arnottiana Ficus lacor (= Ficus virens Aiton as per GRIN) Ficus oligodon = Ficus auriculata Lour. Floriculture in India By Gurcharan Singh Randhawa, Amitabha Mukhopadhyay (1986)- Details- Ficus parcellii Veitch ex Cogn. & Marchal is a synonym of Ficus aspera G.Forst. Ficus retusa L. var. nitida (Thunb.) Miq., Gardening in India By George Marshall Woodrow, G Marshall (1999)- Details- Ficus myorense (? Ficus mysorensis B.Heyne ex Roth is a synonym of Ficus drupacea Thunb.) Ficus parcellii Veitch ex Cogn. & Marchal is a synonym of Ficus aspera G.Forst. Ficus roxburghii Steud. is a synonym of Ficus auriculata Lour. Ficus stipulata (Ficus stipulata Thunb. is a synonym of Ficus pumila L.) Ficus volubile (? Ficus volubilis (Dalzell) King is a synonym of Ficus tinctoria subsp. gibbosa (Blume) Corner) Flora of Davanagere District, Karnataka, India By B. K. Manjunatha, V. Krishna, T. Pullaiah (2004)- Details with keys- Medicinal Plants in Andhra Pradesh, India By T. Pullaiah (2002)- Details- ............. Flora of Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India (2000)- Details with keys- Biodiversity in India, Volume 4 edited by T. Pullaiah (2006)- Details- Diversity and Distribution of Wild Figs (Ficus L.) of Andhra Pradesh, India : pdf: N. Chandra Mohan Reddy, P. Anjaneyulu, S.M. Nagesh, J. V. Sudhakar, B. Ravi Prasad Rao- Bioscience Discovery, 11(4):223-235, Oct - 2020- if you would share these articles to our colleges and save the information in e flora of India. Ficus : 2 posts by 1 author. I have updated eFI (efloraofindia) page on Ficus Attempts have been made to incorporate most of the species available in India & nearby areas with details & keys directly or through links as far as possible. It’s quite possible that there may be some discrepancy in the accepted names & synonyms taken from other links. Species discussed so far in efloraofindia are given at the bottom of the page in the form of links against Subpages. On clicking them one can see all the details. Any comments/ corrections are welcome. Thanks to the team lead by Dr. Chaudhary for this wonderful document: Synopsis of the Genus Ficus L. (Moraceae) in India Lal Babu Chaudhary*, Jana Venkata Sudhakar, Anoop Kumar, Omesh Bajpai, Rinkey Tiwari and G. V. S. Murthy- Taiwania, 57(2): 193-216, 2012 Ficus (Moraceae) page with images of species in efloraofindia : 2 posts by 1 author. Pl. go through Ficus (Moraceae) page with images of species in efloraofindia. If you find any incorrect identification, pl. let us know. If anybody can send images of other species of this genera (for incorporation in the website), if any, or can identify unidentified images, it will be really nice. Major credit for all this goes to Sh. Varun Sharma and Sh. J V Sudhakar, who helped a lot in the ids. Fwd: Query and request : 6 posts by 2 authors. A request to get about Ficus in Uttarakhand. Any one in group is aware about number of Ficus species in Uttarakhand, apart from one publication "A Synoptic Account of the Family Moraceae in Uttarakhand - Debasmita Dutta Pramanick, 2017". The publication is based on collected herbarium samples and earlier floral studies from the state, but still not complete, as per my knowledge 4-5 species are still missing mostly from Nainital, Chamoli, Chakrata and Dehradun; viz., Ficus neriifolia, F. mollis, F. geniculata and F. laevis etc. Still have no data about cultivated and ornamental Ficus species except F. pumila. ... may help in this query. Kindly send the soft copy of "A Synoptic Account of the Family Moraceae in Uttarakhand - Debasmita Dutta Pramanick, 2017". to my email. I will check once again and help you for number of Ficus species distributed in Uttarakhand. |