Abutilon



Images by Vijayasankar Raman, Nidhan Singh (Validated by Surajit Koley & P. Santhan) & Ranjini Kamath (identified by Vijayasankar Raman) (Inserted by J.M.Garg)

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 Images by tspkumar
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Images by (Surajit Koley - Id by Gurcharan Singh), Gurcharan Singh ,(Shubhada Nikharge - validation by Dinesh Valke) & (Muthu Karthick - Id by Tanay Bose),(inserted by Bhagyashri Ranade)
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Images by (Gopal Shinde - Id by Santhan P), (Prashant Awale - Id by Vijay Paithane) , (Prashant Awale - Id by Shrikant Ingalhalikar) & (Anurag Sharma - Id by Vijay Paithane), (inserted by Bhagyashri Ranade)
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Images by tspkumar 
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Images by tspkumar
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Abutilon ramosum (Cav.) Guill. & Perr. 
Images by (Sehrish Gazal - Id by T.K.Paul), (inserted by Bhagyashri Ranade)
https://groups.google.com/group/indiantreepix/attach/d20f533bb991352a/1.JPG?part=0.1&authuser=0&view=1
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Images by Mayur Nandikar, Prashant Awale & Pravin Kavale, (inserted by Bhagyashri Ranade)
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Abutilon theophrasti Medik. (Cultivated)
Images by Gurcharan Singh & (Nidhan SIngh - Id by Vijay Paithane), (inserted by Bhagyashri Ranade)
https://groups.google.com/group/indiantreepix/attach/eddd688d8782ffbe/Abutilon-theophrastii-Botanical%20garden-Kashmir-1.jpg?part=0.1&authuser=0&view=1
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Images by Gurcharan Singh, Gurcharan Singh, Gurcharan Singh & Gurcharan Singh, (inserted by Bhagyashri Ranade)
https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/fpSJbaRllfdJI1GelIvQIG-ck9jUfgkfCvvg2gigtg-EDJ0RdAx2dL0JXPF6DUwAx5hrk-VzJnJ9VldKFD7rFlFxeeUgvQ_JN6Y8wvkZ6yNo5sH1Sl4
https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/lsAb1egKEmg_mQbF87XqjPA16xYS1mA6WaHVPom0o-sXZ70k-d7vx7j6zs3ZHyecSCdC8-9VPPnQyyIyLIavPq8nWz42l_Gh7PIt-OK8voUjEukX3uw
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BSI Flora of India with details & keys (Volume 3- 1993) (Distribution):
  var. bidentatum (India: Rajasthan, Gujarat, Punjab, Delhi and Maharashtra; Pakistan, Arabia and Tropical Africa)
  var. major (Blatt. & Hallb.) Bhandari (India: Rajasthan)  
   var. chrysocarpa Blatt. & Hallb. (India: Rajasthan)
   var. fruticosum (India: In dry deciduous forests up to 400 m. Rajasthan, Gujarat, Punjab and Maharashtra;  Pakistan, Arabia, Tropical Africa and Indonesia(Java))
Abutilon grandifolium (Willd.) Sweet (Tropical America and Africa, cultivated as an ornamental elsewhere in tropics including India) 
  var. heterotrichum (Hochst. ex Mattei) Cuf. (India: Gujarat and Tamil Nadu; Pakistan and Ethiopia)
  var. hirtum (Throughout in semiarid scrub forests up to 600 m; Semiarid tropics of the old world, introduced in tropical America)
  subsp. albescens (Miq.) Borss. var. australlense Hochr. (India: Andhra Pradesh; Malesia, Australia and New Caledonia)
  subsp. guineeosis (Schumach.) Borss. (India: Central to S. India; Tropical Asia, Tropical Africa, Australia)
  subsp. indicum (India: Throughout; Tropical and subtropical regions of the World)
Abutilon megapotamicum (A. Sprengel) St. Hill. & Naud. (Cultivated in the hills of Tamil Nadu; Native of Tropical America)
Abutilon pakistanicum Jafri & Ali in Jafri (India: N.W. Rajasthan; Pakistan)
Abutilon pannosum (G.Forst.) Schlect. (India: North Western to Central India and Deccan plateau in waste places up to 300 m. Rajasthan, Gujarat, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Kerala; Lanka, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Egypt and Tropical Africa)
Abutilon persicum (Burm. f.) Merr. (India: Throughout in dry deciduous forest up to 1000 m; Bhutan, Myanmar, China and Malesia)
Abutilon ramosum (Cav.) Guillemin & Perrottet in Guillemin et al. (India: Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Kerala; Pakistan and Tropical Africa)
Abutilon ranadei Woodrow & Stapf (India: Maharashtra (Ambeghat))
Abutilon striatum Dickson ex Lindley (India: Cultivated as an ornamental in the gardens, occasionally running wild in Cherrapunji hills (Meghalaya) and Nilgiri hills (Tamil Nadu); Native of Central America)  (= Callianthe striata (Dicks. ex Lindl.) Donnell)
Abutilon theophrasti Medikus (India: N.W. India and Deccan plateau between 300 - 1500 m. Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu; Subtropics of the world, probably native in the Mediterranean region)
   var. fischeri T.K . Paul & Nayar (India: Tamil Nadu)
   var. neilgherrense (India: Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu)


In Flora of India vol-3 published by BSI Kolkata T.K.Paul has written the account of Malvaceae. This document (Paul, 1993) provides key to all the Indian species of Abutilon, their description, flowering- fruiting time and distribution in India.  As per this document following wild species of Abutilon are known in India-
1-Abutilon bidentatum (var. bidentatum [line diagram given], var. major)
2-A.fruticosum (var. chrysocarpa, var. fruticosum),
3-A.hirtum (var. hirtum [line diagram given], var. heterotrichum),
4-A.indicum (A.indicum ssp. albescens var. australiense, A.indicum ssp. guineensis, A.indicum ssp. indicum),
5-A.neilgherrense (var. fischeri, var. neilgherrense),
6-A.pakistanicum,
7-A.pannosum,
8-A.persicum (line diagram given),
9-A.ramosum (line diagram given),
10-A.ranadei,
11-A.striatum (= Callianthe striata (Dicks. ex Lindl.) Donnell)
12-A.theophrasti.
 
Abutilon ranadei Woodr. et Stapf is mentioned as “Endangered” or “Presumed Extinct” in Red Data Book of Indian Plants Vol-1, page 198 (Nayar and Sastry, 1987). Line diagram of the species is provided in Red Data Book.  
 
Binomial Habit Notes References Distribution
Abutilon crispum (L.) Medicus Ascending or Decumbent Herb Sandy & Dry  Localities Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. I, 1983 Chennai, Cuddalore, Kancheepuram, Kanniyakumari,  Nagapattinam, Puddukkottai, Ramanathapuram, Thanjavur,  Thiruvallur,  Thiruvarur, Thoothukkudi, Tiruvannamalai
Abutilon hirtum (Lam.) Sweet Erect Undershrub Plains to Dry Deciduous Forests Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. I, 1983 All districts
Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet subsp. guineense (Schumach.) Borssum Erect Undershrub Plains, Dry Localities Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. I, 1983; Gamble, 1957 Thiruvallur, Kancheepuram, Tiruchchirappalli, Tiruvannamalai
Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet subsp. indicum  Erect or Diffuse Undershrub Plains to Dry Deciduous Forests Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. I, 1983 All districts
Abutilon megapotamicum (Spreng.) Mill. & Naud. Shrub Western Ghats & Eastern Ghats, Cultivated, Native of Tropical America  Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. I, 1983 Nilgiri, Dindigul, Salem, Theni
Abutilon neilgherrense Munro ex Wight Erect Undershrub Western Ghats in Low Altitude Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. I, 1983 Coimbatore, Dindigul, Nilgiri, Virudhunagar
Abutilon pannosum (Forst. f.) Schlect Erect Undershrub Plains,  Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. I, 1983; Matthew, 1983; Gamble, 1957 Coimbatore, Nilgiri, Tirunelveli, Viluppuram
Abutilon persicum (Burm. F.) Merr. Erect Undershrub Western Ghats & Eastern Ghats in Low Altitude Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. I, 1983; Matthew, 1983 Coimbatore, Dindigul, Nilgiri, Salem, Tiruchchirappalli
Abutilon ramosum (Cav.) Guill. & Perr. Erect Shrub Western Ghats, Dry Deciduous Forests Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. I, 1983 Nilgiri
Abutilon striatum Dickson ex Lindl. = Callianthe striata (Dicks. ex Lindl.) Donnell Shrub Western Ghats, Cultivated, Native of Tropical America Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. I, 1983 Dindigul, Nilgiri
Abutilon theophrastii Medicus Erect Undershrub Plains Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. I, 1983 Coimbatore

 

 
Botanical name Synonyms Family Common name
Abutilon hirtum var. heterotrichum Abutilon heterotrichum, Abutilon lugardiiMalvaceae Hairy Indian Mallow
Abutilon indicum Sida indicaMalvaceae Indian Mallow
Abutilon megapotamicum Malvaceae Trailing Abutilon
Abutilon pannosum Sida pannosa, Abutilon muticum, Abutilon glaucumMalvaceae Ragged Mallow
Abutilon persicum Malvaceae Persian Mallow
Abutilon pictum Abutilon striatum, Abutilon thompsonii, Sida pictaMalvaceae Painted Mallow
Abutilon ranadei Malvaceae Son Ghanta
Abutilon theophrasti Sida planiflora, Abutilon avicennae, Malva abutilonMalvaceae Buttonweed

 
Malvaceae of Southern Peninsular India: A Taxonomic Monograph By V. V. Sivarajan, A. K. Pradeep (1996)- Great details-
Abutilon indicum subsp. guineense (Schumach.) Borss. Waalk. is a synonym of Abutilon indicum var. guineense
Abutilon striatum Dickson ex Lindl. = Callianthe striata (Dicks. ex Lindl.) Donnell
 
Abutilon bidentatum var. bidentatum (India, Pakistan, Tropical Africa and Arabia) 
Abutilon fruticosum var. fruitcosum (Tropical Africa, Arabia, India and Pakistan) 
Abutilon grandifolium (Willd.) Sweet (Tropical America and Africa, introduced in other countries)
Abutilon hirtum var. hirtum (Common in tropics) 
Abutilon indicum (Linn.) Sweet (Tropics and subtropics of New and Old Worlds)
Abutilon muticum (Del.ex DC.) Sweet (Tropical Africa, Arabia, India and Pakistan)
Abutilon pakistanicum Jafri & Ali in Jafri (It is endemic to Pakistan)
Abutilon pannosum (Forst.f.) Schlecht. (Tropical Africa, Pakistan and India)
Abutilon ramosum (Cay.) Guill.& Perr. in Guill. et al (Tropical Africa, India and Pakistan)
Abutilon theophrasti Medic (Native to India; introduced and fully naturalized in North America; North Asia and Westward to South Europe. It is of rare occurrence in Pakistan)


Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet (Himalaya, India, Ceylon, Burma, Thailand, S. China, Taiwan, S. Japan, Malaysia, Australia, Loyalty Isl.)
Abutilon persicum (Burm. f.) Merr. (Africa, W. Asia, tropical Himalaya, India, Burma, Malaysia)

Abutilon hirtum var. hirtum [India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Africa, SW Asia (Arabia), Australia]. 
Abutilon indicum (Linnaeus) Sweet [Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam].
Abutilon pictum (Gillies ex Hooker) Walpers [native to South America (Brazil, Uruguay); cultivated worldwide].
Abutilon theophrasti Medikus [India, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Vietnam; Africa, SW Asia, Australia, Europe, North America].


1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants edited by Kerry Scott Walter, Harriet J. Gillett
Abutilon bidentatum var. major (Blatt. & Hallb.) Bhandari is a synonym of Abutilon bidentatum Hochst. ex A.Rich. - I- Rajasthan
Abutilon fruticosum var. chrysocarpum Blatt. & Hallb. is a synonym of Abutilon fruticosum Guill. & Perr- I- Rajasthan
Abutilon ranadei - Ex/E - Maharastra

An Excursion Flora of Central Tamilnadu, India By K. M. Matthew (1995)- Details with keys-
Abutilon crispum (L.) Medik. is a synonym of Herissantia crispa (L.) Brizicky

Flora of Eastern Ghats: Hill Ranges of South East India, Volume 1 By T. Pullaiah, D. Muralidhara Rao, K. Sri Ramamurthy (2002)- Details with keys-

Medicinal Plants in Andhra Pradesh, India By T. Pullaiah (2002)- Details-

Floriculture in India By Gurcharan Singh Randhawa, Amitabha Mukhopadhyay (1986)-
Abutilon thompsonii H.J.Veitch is a synonym of Abutilon pictum
Abutilon venosum Lem. is a synonym of Abutilon pictum

Flora of Medak District, Andhra Pradesh, India By T. Pullaiah, Chintala Prabhakar, B. Ravi Prasad Rao (1998)- Details with keys-

Flora of Davanagere District, Karnataka, India By B. K. Manjunatha, V. Krishna, T. Pullaiah (2004)- Details with keys-

Abutilon : 2 posts by 2 authors.

I have updated eFI (efloraofindia) page on Abutilon

Attempts have been made to incorporate most of the species available in India & nearby areas with details & keys directly or through links as far as possible. It’s quite possible that there may be some discrepancy in the accepted names & synonyms taken from other links.

Species discussed so far in efloraofindia are given at the bottom of the page in the form of links against Subpages. On clicking them one can see all the details.

Any comments/ corrections are welcome.


I have added the list of all species of Abutilon known in India. Red Data Book status of one species is also mentioned with reference.
Further updated the Abutilon page.

Some species were already done by yourself and ...

Pl. go through Abutilon (‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎Malvaceae) page with images of species (done mainly by ...) in efloraofindia.

If you find any incorrect identification, pl. let us know. If anybody can send images of other species of this genera (for incorporation in the website), if any, it will be really nice.