Cynanchum

 

Images by Prashant Awale (Validation by Gurcharan Singh) (Inserted by J.M.Garg) (For more photos & complete details, click on the links))

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Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight (Images by Dinesh Valke (Id by Tabish & Umeshkumar Tiwari), Prashant Awale (Validation by Balkar Singh), Nidhan Singh (Validation by Gurcharan Singh) & Balkar Singh (Inserted by J.M.Garg) (For more photos & complete details, click on the links))

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Cynanchum callialatum Buch.-Ham. ex Wight (Images by Satish Phadke (Inserted by J.M.Garg) (For more photos & complete details, click on the links))

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Cynanchum dalhousiae Wight (Images by Balkar Singh & Dinesh Valke (Ids by Nidhan Singh, Tabish & Gurcharan Singh) (Inserted by J.M.Garg) (For more photos & complete details, click on the links))

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Cynanchum tunicatum (Retz.) Alston (Images by Dinesh Valke, Anurag Sharma (Id by P. Santhan), A. Shivaprakash & Karuna Kanta Das (Id by Satish Phadke) (Inserted by J.M.Garg) (For more photos & complete details, click on the links))

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Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi (Images by J.M.Garg, Devendra Bhardwaj, Darshan Kokate (Id by Prasad Dash) & P. Santhan (Inserted by J.M.Garg) (For more photos & complete details, click on the links))

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Cynanchum viminale subsp. brunonianum (Wight & Arn.) Meve & Liede ? (Images by Anurag N Sharma (Id help by Surajit Koley, A Sinha, Shrikant Ingalhalikar, Mahadeswara Swamy & N P Balakrishnan) (Inserted by J.M.Garg) (For more photos & complete details, click on the links))

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Cynanchum species in India:
  1. Cynanchum  acutum L. ssp. acutum and ssp. sibiricum (Willd.) Rech.f.
  2. C. alatum Wight & Arn.
  3. C. arnottianum Wight
  4. C. auriculatum Royle ex Wight
  5. C. callialatum Buch.-Ham. ex Wight
  6. C. canescens (Willd.) K.Schum. [synonym of Vincetoxicum canescens (Willd.) Decne]
  7. C.corymbosum Wight
  8. C. dalhousiae Wight
  9. C. heydei Hook.f.
  10. C. jacquemontianum Decne.
  11. C. roylei Wight
  12. C. sarcomedium Meve & Leide
  13. C. triangulare M.G.Gilbert, W.D.Stevens & P.T.Li
  14. C. tunicatum (Retz.) Alston
  15. C. vincetoxicum (L.) Pers. [Synonym of Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Medik.]
  16. C. viminale (L.) L.
  17. C. wallichii Wight

References:

  1. Karthikeyan, S., Sanjappa, M. and Moorthy, S. 2009. Flowering Plants of India, Dicotyledons, vol-I (Acanthaceae- Avicenniaceae). Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata. pp. 165-66, 179.
  2. eFIpage

Taxonomic dissolution of Sarcostemma (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae) by Ulrich Meve & Sigrid Liede-Schumann- Kew Bulletin 12/2012; 67(4).
ABSTRACT : Since molecular analyses have demonstrated that Sarcostemma R. Br. is deeply nested in the predominantly Madagascan stem-succulent clade of Cynanchum L., the genus has been treated as a synonym of Cynanchum. Some of the former Sarcostemma species have been transferred to Cynanchum in the course of various Flora treatments, and some new species belonging to this radiation have been described under Cynanchum. The present contribution serves to complete the formal transfer of Sarcostemma taxa to Cynanchum, in which a total of nine species are concerned: Cynanchum arabicum, C. areysianum, C. brevipedicellatum, C. daltonii, C. forskaolianum, C. mulanjense, C. pearsonianum (a substitute name for Cynanchum pearsonii), C. sarcomedium (a substitute name for C. intermedium), and C. socotranum. In addition, six subspecies of Cynanchum viminale are newly combined: C. viminale subsp. australe, C. viminale subsp. brunonianum, C. viminale subsp. orangeanum, C. viminale subsp. stocksii, C. viminale subsp. thunbergii and C. viminale subsp. welwitschii. Finally, notes on recent introductions from southern Yemen are made, and illustrations of Cynanchum areysianum are provided.  
  • Cynanchum acutum Linn. (Pakistan (Gilgit, Hunza, Chitral); Kashmir; S.W. Asia, S.E. Russia to S. Europe, Egypt, Libya and Algeria)
  • Cynanchum auriculatum Royal ex Wight (Pakistan (Hazara, Murree), Kashmir, India (Simla, Kumaon), Nepal, Sikkim)
  • Cynanchum dalhousiae Wight. (Pakistan (Hazara); India (Simla to Kumaon))
  • Cynanchum heydei Hook. f. (Kashmir)
  • Cynanchum jacquemontianum Dcne. (Kashmir, Pakistan (Hazara, Swat))
  • Sarcostemma viminale subsp. stocksii (Hook. f.) Ali (Pakistan (Sind), India (Deccan, Poona, Gujrat and Dharwar)) = Cynanchum viminale subsp. stocksii
  • Sarcostemma viminale subsp. viminale (Tropical Africa, India (South India, Bengal), and Burma) = Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi
    •  

    Species with distribution in annotated checklist of Flowering plants of Nepal (Distribution):

    Cynanchum auriculatum Wight (Himalaya (Kashmir to Bhutan), Assam, China)

    Cynanchum dalhousiae Wight (Himalaya (Simla to Nepal))

    Sarcostemma brevistigma Wight & Arn. (Subtropical Himalaya (Nepal), India, Burma) = Sarcostemma viminale (Linn.) R. Br. = = Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi

     
    Cynanchum acutum subsp. sibiricum (Willdenow) K. H. Rechinger [Afghanistan, Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, Turkmenistan; SW Asia]
    Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight [Bhutan, India, Kashmir, Nepal, Pakistan].
    Cynanchum canescens (Willdenow) K. Schumann in Engler & Prantl [Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Kashmir, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia; SW Asia]
    Cynanchum corymbosum Wight [Cambodia, India, Laos, ?Malaysia, Myanmar, Vietnam]
    Cynanchum heydei J. D. Hooker [Kashmir, Pakistan].
    Sarcostemma acidum (Roxburgh) Voigt  [India, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam] = Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi


    Cynanchum alatum Wight & Arn.TwinerWestern Ghats, Moist Deciduous ForestsFlora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987; Gamble 1957Coimbatore, Dindigul, Nilgiri, Tirunelveli
    Cynanchum callialatum Buch.-Ham. ex Wight & Arn.Twining ShrubWestern Ghats & Eastern Ghats, Moist Deciduous ForestsFlora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987Coimbatore, Dindigul, Nilgiri, Salem, Theni
    Cynanchum tunicatum (Retz.) Alston Herbaceous ClimberWestern Ghats & Eastern Ghats, Moist Deciduous ForestsFlora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987Coimbatore, Dindigul, Kanniyakumari, Madurai, Namakkal, Nilgiri, Theni, Tirunelveli, Virudhunagar
    Sarcostemma acidum (Roxb.) Voigt = Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi ShrubDry Evergreen to Dry Deciduous ForestsFlora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987All districtsSomamum
    Sarcostemma brunonianum Wight & Arn. = Sarcostemma viminale subsp. brunonianum (Wight & Arn.) P.I. Forst. = Cynanchum viminale subsp. brunonianumShrubWestern Ghats & Eastern Ghats, Dry Deciduous ForestsFlora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987Dindigul, Salem, Theni, Tiruchchirappalli, TiruvannamalaiPerum Aattlaankodi
    Sarcostemma intermedium Decne = Cynanchum sarcomedium Meve & Liede ShrubPlains to Low Altitude, Dry LocalitiesFlora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987Coimbatore, Salem,  Thanjavur, Tiruchchirappalli, Tirunelveli, ViluppuramKodikalli
    Sarcostemma secamone (L.) BennetHerbPlains to Low Altitude, Dry LocalitiesFlora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987All DistrictsOosippalai, Kalappalai

     
    Botanical nameSynonymsFamilyCommon name
    Cynanchum auriculatum Vincetoxicum auriculatum, Endotropis auriculata Asclepiadaceae Heart-Leaf Swallow-Wort
    Cynanchum dalhousiae Vincetoxicum dalhousiae Asclepiadaceae Dalhousie Swallow-Wort
    Cynanchum tunicatum Asclepias tunicata, Cynanchum pauciflorum, Periploca tunicata Asclepiadaceae Coated Swallow-Wort
    Sarcostemma acidum = Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi Sarcostemma brevistigma Asclepiadaceae Leafless East-Indian Vine
    Sarcostemma viminale = Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi Cynanchum viminale, Apocynum viminale, Sarcostemma aphyllum Asclepiadaceae Caustic Vine



    Encyclopaedia of World Medicinal Plants, Volume 1 By T. Pullaiah (2006)- Species in India- 
     
    An Excursion Flora of Central Tamilnadu, India By K. M. Matthew (1995)- Details with keys-
     
    Cynanchum pauciflorum R.Br. is a synonym of Cynanchum tunicatum (Retz.) Alston

    Flora of Eastern Karnataka, Volume 1 By N. P. Singh (1988)-

    Flora of Medak District, Andhra Pradesh, India By T. Pullaiah, Chintala Prabhakar, B. Ravi Prasad Rao (1998)- Details-
    Sarcostemma acidum = Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi

    Flora of Davanagere District, Karnataka, India By B. K. Manjunatha, V. Krishna, T. Pullaiah (2004)- Details-
    Sarcostemma acidum = Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi

    An Excursion Flora of Central Tamilnadu, India By K. M. Matthew (1995)- Details with keys-

    Flora of Ranga Reddi District Andhra Pradesh, India By T. Pullaiah, M. Silar Mohammed (2000)-
    Sarcostemma acidum = Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi

    Flora of Eastern Karnataka, Volume 1 By N. P. Singh (1988)- Details with keys-
    Sarcostemma acidum = Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi

    Pl. go through ‎Cynanchum (‎‎Apocynaceae) page with images of species (done by me) in efloraofindia.

    If you find any mis-identification, pl. let us know. If anybody can send images of other species of this genera (for incorporation in the website), if any, it will be really nice.

    Also, if anybody is interested to take up the activity of inserting images on efloraofindia pages from efloraofindia posts, pl. let us know.