AMARANTHACEAE: (Reported in India: 46 genera,
151 species; represented in eFI: 33 genera,
69 species, including 3 species cultivated outside India as on 13.7.20- Compiled by Dr. D S Rawat)
- Achyranthes: aspera,
var. indica, var. porphyristachya, var. pubescens, var. rubrofusca,
bidentata,
coynei,
longifolia, shahii
- Acroglochin: persicarioides
- Aerva: javanica
var. javanica, var. bovei, monsonia(?), wightii
- Allmania: nodiflora var. nodiflora, var. angustifolia,
var. aspera, var. dichotoma, var. procumbens, var. roxburghii
- Alternanthera: bettzickiana, brasiliana,
caracasana, ficoidea,
ficoidea ‘Snow on Mountain’ (Cultivated, Nepal), littoralis, paronychioides, philoxeroides, pulchella, pungens,
sessilis
- Amaranthus: bengalense,
blitum,
blitum ssp. oleraceous, caturus,
caudatus,
cruentus,
dubius, graecizans ssp. graecizans, ssp. aschersonianus, ssp. sylvestris,
ssp. thellungianus, hybridus (cultivated), hypochondriacus, palmeri, paraganensis, polygonoides (cultivated), retroflexus, saradhiana, spinosus, tenuifolius, tricolor (cultivated), viridis
- Arthrocaulon: macrostachyum (=Arthocnemum macrostachyum?)
- Atriplex: centralasiatica,
crassifolia, halimus (Cultivated), hortensis
(Cultivated,
Poland), lindleyi (Cultivated), numularia (Cultivated), pamirica, repens, rosea,
sagittata, stocksii, vesicaria
- Axyris: amaranthoides,
hybrida, mira, prostrata,
sphaerosperma
- Bassia: indica,
odontoptera, prostrata,
scoparia,
stellaris
- Beta: palonga
(Cultivated), vulgaris ssp. maritima, ssp.
vulgaris (Cultivated)
- Blitum: capitatum
(Cultivated,
Poland), virgatum
- Bosea: amherstiana
- Caroxylon: imbricatum
- Celosia: argentea var. argentea, var. cristata, var. plumosa, polygonoides
- Centrostachys: aquatica
- Chenopodiastrum: badachschanicum, hybridum,
murale
- Chenopodium: adpressifolium,
album, atripliciforme,
cyanifolium, ficifolium, giganteum, harae, hastatifolium, karoi, novopokrovskyanum, nutans ssp. nutans (Australia), pallidicaule (Cultivated), pamiricum,
perttii, quinoa (Cultivated), sagittatum, santoshei
- Corispermum: dutreuilii,
gelidum, pamiricum, tibeticum
- Cyathula: capitata, officinalis,
prostrata, tomentosa
- Deeringia: amaranthoides
- Digera: muricata
- Dysphania: ambrosioides, botrys, carinata
(Cultivated), himalaica, neglecta, nepalensis, pumilio (Cultivated), tibetica, truncata (Cultivated)
- Gomphrena: celosioides, ciliata, globosa (cultivated), pulchella
(Cultivated-USA), serrata
- Grubovia: dasyphylla
(=Bassia dasyphylla)
- Halocharis: violacea
- Halogeton: glomeratus var.
glomeratus, var. tibeticus
- Haloxylon: griffithii spp. wakhanicum, salicornicum,
thomsonii
- Indobanalia: thyrsiflora
- Iresine: diffusa f. herbstii (=I. herbstii), diffusa f.
lindenii (cultivated-Kenya)
- Krascheninnikovia: ceratoides
- Microgynoecium: tibeticum
- Nothosaerva: brachiata
- Ouret: lanata (=Aerva
lanata), sanguinolenta
- Oxybasis: glauca
- Psilotrichum: elliotii,
ferrugineum, nudum, scleranthum, sericeum
- Ptilotus: obovatus
(Australia)
- Pupalia: lappacea
- Salicornia: brachiata
- Salsola: collina,
hartmannii, kali ssp. tragus, monoptera,
tragus
- Seidlitzia: stocksii
- Spinacea: oleracea (Cultivated)
- Stilbanthus: scandens
- Suaeda: fruticosa, maritima, monoica, nudiflora,
olufsenii
(=S. corniculata var. olufsenii)
- Tecticornia: indica
(=Halosarcia indica)
- Trichuriella: monsoniae
Achyranthes aspera L. (Images by Gurcharan Singh, Balkar Singh & Surajit Koley (Inserted by J.M.Garg & Gurcharan Singh)) |
Aerva sanguinolenta (L.) Blume (Images by Balkar Singh, P. Santhan, Gurcharan Singh & Alok Mahendroo (Identified by Balkar Singh & Gurcharan Singh) (Inserted by J.M.Garg)) |
Alternanthera ficoidea (L.) P. Beauv. (Images by (Bhagyashri Ranade - Identified by D.S. Rawat), (Aarti Khale - Identified by D.S. Rawat), (Aarti Khale - Identified by Gurcharan Singh), Bhagyashri Ranade (Inserted by Bhagyashri Ranade))
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Alternanthera pungens Kunth (Images by Gurcharan Singh & (Mayur Nandikar - validation by Gurcharan Singh), (Inserted by Bhagyashri Ranade))
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Amaranthus blitum L.
Amaranthus caudatus L. (Images by D.S.Rawat & (Usha Desai - identified by Gurcharan Singh), (inserted by Bhagyashri Ranade))
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Amaranthus cruentus L. (Images by (Pudji Widodo- identified by Surajit Koley) & (Arpita Rathore - validation by Mani ), (Inserted by Bhagyashri Ranade))
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Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. (Images by (Alok Mahendroo - identification by Gurcharan Singh, validation by Tanay Bose), (Inserted by Bhagyashri Ranade))
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Amaranthus polygonoides L.
(Images by (Siva Siva - Identified by Santhan P), (Inserted by Bhagyashri Ranade))
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Image by Siva Siva (inserted by Bhagyashri Ranade)
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Amaranthus tricolor L. (Images by (Balkar Singh - identified by Surajit Koley), Aarti Khale & Surajit Koley (Inserted by Bhagyashri Ranade))
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Amaranthus viridis L. (Images by Nidhan Singh, & (Surajit Koley - validation by Nidhan Singh), (Inserted by Bhagyashri Ranade)) |
Atriplex hortensis L. (Images by Promila Chaturvedi (Identified by Alastair Culham) (Inserted by J.M.Garg)) |
Blitum capitatum L. (Poland) (Images by Promila Chaturvedi (Identified by Carmelita) (Inserted by J.M.Garg)) |
Blitum virgatum L. (Images by Gurcharan Singh, Prashant Awale & Gurcharan Singh (Inserted by J.M.Garg)) |
Celosia argentea L. var. argentea (Comment from GRIN: cultivated forms include C. argentea Spicata Group) (Images by Aarti Khale & (Karuna Kanta Das - validation by Gurcharan Singh), (Inserted by Bhagyashri Ranade))
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Celosia argentea L. var. cristata (L.) Kuntze (Images by Gurcharan Singh, (Bhagyashri Ranade - Identified by Vijayasankar Raman), Surajit Koley & Aarti Khale, (Inserted by Bhagyashri Ranade))
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Chenopodium album L. (Images by Vijayasankar Raman, Gurcharan Singh (Identified by Gurcharan Singh) (Inserted by J.M.Garg)) |
Cyathula prostrata (L.) Blume (Images by Prashant Awale (Identified by Surajit Koley & Dinesh Valke), Karuna Kanta Das & Dinesh Valke (Inserted by J.M.Garg)) |
Digera muricata (L.) Mart. (Images by Gopal Shinde (Identified by Vijyasankar Raman & Samir Mehta), Sourav Mahmud (Identified by P. Santhan) & Gurcharan Singh (Inserted by J.M.Garg)) |
Iresine herbstii Hook. (Cultivated) (Images by Aarti S Khale & Promila Chaturvedi (Identified by Alastair Culham) (Inserted by J.M.Garg)) |
(Images by Prashant Awale (Identified by Gurcharan Singh) (Inserted by J.M.Garg)) |
Psilotrichum sericeum (Koen. ex Roxb.) Dalz., N.A.Dalzell & A.Gibson (Somalia, Zanzibar, Socotra, E-Kenya, E-Tanzania, Mozambique, Madagascar, India (Gujarat, Tamil Nadu), Oman (Dhofar) as per Catalogue of Life)
Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss. (Images by Aditya Dharap (Identified by P. Santhan), B. Rathinasabapathy & Subhasish Panda (Identified by Nidhan Singh) (Inserted by J.M.Garg)) |
Tecticornia indica (Willd.) K.A.Sheph. & Paul G.Wilson (Native range is Coasts of Dry Tropical Africa to KwaZulu-Natal, Indian Subcontinent, Vietnam, Jawa to N. Australia; Angola, Bangladesh, India, Jawa, Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Lesser Sunda Is., Mauritania, Mozambique, Mozambique Channel I, Northern Territory, Pakistan, Queensland, Senegal, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Vietnam, Western Australia as per POWO)
Out of the 315 odd families some 50to 60 are commoner and more
important.
This week's family is Amaranthaceae. Cockscomb
family.
Greek amarantos :
unfading....long lasting flowers.
India and tropical America are
chief distribution centres.
Large family--Includes some garden plants and pot
herbs.
Vegetative characters :annual
or perennial herbs,shrubs and rarely erect or climbing shrubs.
Stems often
show abnormal secondary growth.
Leaves:alternate or opposite exstipulate,simple usually
entire.
Flowers and
Inflorescences:Small flowers are aggregated into simple or branched
panicles spike s heads or cymes.Flowers are actinomorphic,bisexual or frequently
unisexual,pentamerous and hypogynous.
Calyx-5 free basally connate sepals.
Petals are absent.Stamens are 5 and areopposite
the sepals.
Sometimes nectar secreting disc is present.(bosia)
Pollination and dispersal:Nectar disc and showy
flowers ==>insectpollination
Gomphrena--winged fruits=>dispersal by
wind.Achyranthus Cyathula and Pupalia develop hooks on sepals which adhere to
passing animals and humans.
Economic
Importance:Little.
Few are used as food.
Examples:
Amaranthus (Mar.Chavalai)Leafy
vegetable.
Celosia argentea:spikes
attract butterflies,Tender shoots are cooked and eaten
Alternanthera tenella and A.sessilis are common weeds.
Gomphrena globosa.
Achyranthus aspera (Aghada)
Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae Week: Introduction: The families Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae have traditionally been treated as distinct families, but have been merged under a single family Amaranthaceae in recent editions of APG classifiation, our reason for considering in single episode. I am providing information concerning both separately.Chenopodiaceae Ventenat Goosefoot family 97 genera, 1,305 species Widely distributed in temperate and tropical climates but common in arid and semiarid saline habitats, with around 97 genera and 1300 speces Major genera: Atriplex(300 species), Salsola, (120), Chemnopodium (105), Suaeda (100) and Salicornia (35). Description: Herbs or small shrubs, rarely small trees (Haloxylon), usually in saline habitats, sometimes succulent (Salicornia), often covered with whitish bloom, nodes unilacunar, vascular bundles in concentric rings, included phloem usually present, sieve-tube plastids PIII-C type, containing betalains instead of anthocyanins, cuticle waxes with platelets. Leaves minute to large, alternate, rarely opposite (Salicornia, Nitrophila), petiolate to sessile, simple, entire or variously lobed, sometimes fleshy or reduced to scales, stipules absent. Inflorescencecymose, spikes or panicles, sometimes catkins.Flowers small, greenish, bisexual, rarely unisexual and plants dioecious (Grayia) or monoecious, actinomorphic, hypogynous. Perianth (represented by sepals petals absent) with 2-5 united tepals, rarely free (Salsola), herbaceous, usually persistent and accrescent in fruit, and appendaged with tubercles, spines or wings, sometimes absent. Androecium with 5 stamens, rarely 3, opposite the perianth lobes, filaments free, anthers inflexed in bud, bithecous, dehiscence longitudinal, pollen grains multiporate, spinulose. Gynoecium with 2 carpels, united, rarely carpels upto 5, ovary superior, unilocular, ovule 1, placentation basal, styles 2(rarely upto 5). Fruit a nut or utricle (when enclosed in membranous perianth); seed lens shaped with curved or spiral embryo, endosperm absent, perisperm present. Economic importance: The family includes a few food plants such as beet (Beta vulgaris: used as leafy vegetable {often confused with spinach}; root vegetable mainly for salad and a source of sugar), spinach (Spinacea oleracea) and lambs quarters (Chenopodium album; bathoo in Hindi). Chenopodium ambrosioides is source of wormseed used as a vermifuge. Seeds and leaves of C. quinoa are eaten by Peruvians and Andes Amaranthaceae M. Adanson Amaranth family 72 genera, 1,020 species Cosmopolitan, mainly tropical, centred in Africa and America with about 72 genera and 1020 species Salient features: Herbs or small shrubs, stipules absent, flowers small often greenish, subtended by scarious or papery bracts, perianth papery, stamens opposite perianth lobes, slightly connate at base, staminodes present, carpels 2-3, ovary superior, fruit a capsule or utricle or nutlet, enclosed in persistent perianth, embryo curved. Major genera: Gomphrena(120 species), Alternanthera (100), Iresine (80), Amaranthus (60) and Celosia (55). Description: Herbs or small shrubs, very rarely climbing, often with swollen nodes, nodes unilacunar, vascular bundles in concentric rings, included phloem usually present, sieve-tube plastids PIII-A type, containing betalains instead of anthocyanins. Leaves alternate or opposite, herbaceous, sometimes aggregated at base (Ptilotus), petiolate to sessile, simple, entire, stipules absent. Inflorescence cymose, spikes or panicles, with conspicuous persistent bracts and bracteoles. Flowers small, greenish, bisexual (rarely unisexual), actinomorphic, hypogynous, cyclic. Perianth (represented by sepals petals absent) with 3-5 free or united tepals, usually persistent, sometimes accrescent (Ptilotus) in fruit, usually dry and scarious. Androecium with 5 stamens, rarely 3 or even 6-10, opposite the tepals, filaments slightly connate at base, often adnate to tepals, anthers inflexed in bud, bithecous (Amaranthus) or monothecous (Gomphrena), dehiscence longitudinal, pollen grains multiporate, spinulose, staminodes often present, usually 1-3. Gynoecium with 2-3 united carpels, ovary superior, unilocular, ovule usually 1, placentation basal, rarely many (Celosia), styles 1-3. Fruit a circumscissile capsule, or nut or utricle (when enclosed in membranous perianth); seed lens shaped with curved or spiral embryo, endosperm absent, perisperm present. Economic importance: The family includes several ornamentals such as Celosia(Cockscomb), Amaranthus (amaranth), Gomphrena (globe amaranth) and Iresine (bloodleaf). Species of Alternantheraand Tilantheraare grown as edge plants and have ornamental leaves. Seeds and leaves of several species of Amaranthus are edible, as are also the leaves of Alternanthera sessilis. 163 genera are recognized by The Plant List which treats them together under one family: http://www.theplantlist.org/browse/A/Amaranthaceae/
The genera (& species under them) already discussed are given below: ...................
Species & genera pages of Acanthaceae in efloraofindia are now with images. I started this exercise on 10th Jan.'16 in my residual time & now today (22.1.16), it is complete. It involves inserting images on around 75 species pages (say around 300 images) & 34 genera pages. It also involved a lot of cleansing work like deletion of duplicate / wrong pages, correctly identify some of the threads, putting them at their proper place, proper formatting of the species pages etc. I request our members to pl. take up one family each & try to make efloraofindia more constructive. We will be rendering what ever assistance is required by the members, in this matter.
Forwarding following details for inf. pl.: The composition of many Chenopodiaceae genera in different parts of Himalaya and Tibet has been insufficiently known or contradictory. A revision of the family in Himalaya including Bhutan, Nepal, parts of India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim, and Uttarakhand) and Tibet (Xizang, China) is presented for the first time. Altogether, 57 species from 20 genera are reported, including three species new to science (Agriophyllum tibeticum, Salsola austrotibetica, and Salsola hartmannii). Atriplex centralasiatica, Corispermum dutreuilii,and Salsola monoptera are identified as new records for India, and Chenopodium pamiricum is recorded in China for the first time. Dysphania ambrosioides and Sympegma regelii are recorded for Xizang. The generic and species keys, species distributions (including maps) and taxonomic notes are provided. We indicate for the first time that the presence of short yellow hairs is the remarkable morphological characteristic of the genus Grubovia.Evident heterocarpy and heterospermy is found in Dysphania for the first time (Dysphania tibetica). Agriophyllum pungens, Atriplex crassifolia, Atriplex laciniata, Atriplex sagittata, Axyris amaranthoides, Axyris hybrida, Bassia indica, Corispermum korovinii, Dysphania schraderiana (=Chenopodium foetidum auct.), Halocharis violacea, and Suaeda microsperma are excluded from the species list. Neobotrydium corniculatum is synonymized with Dysphania kitiae, Neobotrydium longii with Dysphania himalaica, and Neobotrydium ornithopodum seems to be conspecific with Dysphania nepalensis. Corispermum ladakhianum is a new synonym of Corispermum tibeticum. Amaranthus diandrus is added to the synonyms of Acroglochin persicarioides, and Bassia fiedleri, previously considered as conspecific with Grubovia dasyphylla, is added to the synonymy of Bassia scoparia. Lectotypes of Anabasis glomerata (≡Halogeton glomeratus), Halogeton tibeticus (=Halogeton glomeratus), Amaranthus diandrus (=Acroglochin persicarioides), Chenopodium tibeticum (≡Dysphania tibetica), Corispermum dutreuilii, Corispermum falcatum, Corispermum lhasaense, Corispermum pamiricum var. pilocarpum (=Corispermum gelidum, syn. nov.), Corispermum tibeticum, Kochia indica (≡Bassia indica), Kochia odontoptera (≡Bassia odontoptera) and Salsola monoptera are selected. Out of 53 native elements, 42 are restricted in their distribution to Himalaya and Tibet at altitudes 2000–4500 m above sea level. The greatest taxonomic diversity of the Chenopodiaceae is represented in Jammu and Kashmir (India) and Xizang (China) with a continuous decrease in the number of species southwards.
Very helpful in Identifying Himalayan Chenopodiaceae members.
Thank you, ... This will help us in knowing Chenopodiaceae in a better way. I shall be able to differentiate between closely related species of Chenopodium and Dysphania which occur in my area. I have saved a copy of this monograph for future references.
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