Papers in Journals and Book Chapters:

Mehra, P. N., and K. S. Bawa.  1968.  B-Chromosomes in some Himalayan hardwoods. Chromosoma 25:90-95.

Mehra, P. N., and K. S. Bawa.  1969.  Chromosomal evolution in tropical hardwoods.  Evolution 23:466-481.

Bawa, K. S. and R. F. Stettler.  1969.  Needed:  information on breeding systems in tropical tree species.In: Proceedings of the Second World Consultation of Forest Tree Breeding. Washington, D.C.  FO-FTB-69-8/13.

Stettler, R. F., K. S. Bawa, and G. K. Livingston.  1969.  Haploidy:  an approach to the development of high-yielding varieties.  In: Proceedings of the Second World Consultation on Forest Tree Breeding. Washington, D.C.  FO-FTB-69-8/17.

Stettler, R. F., K. S. Bawa, and G. K. Livingston.  1969.  Experimental induction of haploid parthenogenesis in forest trees.  In: Induced Mutations in Plants, 611-619, AO/IAEA, Vienna, Austria.

Mehra, P.N., and K. S. Bawa.  1970.  Cytological observations on some northwest Himalayan orchids. Caryologia 23:273-282.

Stettler, R. F., and K. S. Bawa.  1971.  Experimental induction of haploid parthenogenesis in black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa T. & G. ex Hook). Silvea Genetica 20:15-25.

Bawa, K. S., and R. F. Stettler.  1972.  Organ culture with black cottonwood: morphogenetic response of female catkin primordia. Canadian Journal of Botany 50:1627-1631.

Bawa, K. S.  1973.  Chromosome numbers of tree species of a lowland tropical community. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 54:422-434.

**Bawa, K. S.  1974.  Breeding systems of tree species of a lowland tropical community. Evolution 28:85-92.

**Bawa, K. S., and P. A. Opler.  1975.  Dioecism in tropical forest trees. Evolution 29:167-179.

Solbrig, O. T., and K. S. Bawa.  1975.  Isozyme variation in species of Prosopis (Leguminosae).  Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 56:398-412.

Frankie, G. W., P. A. Opler, and K. S. Bawa.  1976.  Foraging behavior of solitary bees:  implications for out crossing of a neo-tropical forest tree species.  Journal of Ecology 64:1049-1057.

Bawa, K. S. 1976.  Cytogenetics of tropical forest trees: progress and prospects.  In: Proceedings XVIU IUFRO World Congress, Section 2, Oslo.

Bawa, K. S., and P. A. Opler.  1977.  Spatial relationships between staminate and pistillate plants of some dioecious tropical forest trees. Evolution 31:64-68.

Bawa, K. S.  1976.  Breeding of tropical hardwoods:  an evaluation of underlying bases, current status and future prospects.  In:  Tropical Trees:  Variation, Breeding and Conservation, eds. J. Burley and B. T. Styles, 43-59.  Academic Press, London.

Bawa, K. S.  1977. The reproductive biology of Cupania guatemalensis Radlk.  (Sapindaceae). Evolution 31:52-63.

Solbrig, O. T., K. S. Bawa, N. J. Carman, J. H. Hunziker, C. A. Naranjo, R. A. Palacois, L. Poggio, and B. B. Simpson.  1977.  Patterns of variation.  In: Mesquite, Its Biology in Two Desert Scrub Ecosystems, ed. B.B. Simpson, 44-60. Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross, Inc. Stroudberg, Pennsylvania.

Bawa, K. S., and P. A. Opler.  1978.  Why are pistillate inflorescences of Simarouba glauca eaten less than staminate inflorescences? Evolution 32:673-676.

Opler, P. A., and K. S. Bawa.  1978.  Sex ratios in tropical forest trees. Evolution 32:812-821.

Keegan, C. R., R. Voss, and K. S. Bawa.  1979.  Heterostyly in Mitchella repens (Rubiaceae). Rhodora 81:567-573.

Bawa, K. S.  1979.  Breeding systems of trees in a tropical lowland wet forest.  New Zealand Journal of Botany (Special Issue) 17:521-524.

Bawa, K. S., and J. E. Crisp.  1980.  Wind-pollination in the understorey of a rain forest in Costa Rica. Journal of Ecology 68:871-876.

**Bawa, K. S. 1980.  Mimicry of male by female flowers and intrasexual competition for pollinators in Jacaratia dolichaula (D. Smith) Woodson (Caricaceae). Evolution 34:467-474.

Beach, J. H., and K. S. Bawa.  1980.  Role of pollinators in the evolution of dioecy from distyly. Evolution 34:1138-1142.

**Bawa, K. S.  1980.  Evolution of dioecy in flowering plants. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 11:15-39.

Khosla, P. K., K. S. Bawa, A. S. Hans, and P. N. Mehra, 1980.  Floristic account:  East Himalayan forests.  In:  Studies in Himalayan Ecology and Development Strategies, ed. T. Singh, 89-103. English Book Store, New Delhi.

Bullock, S. H., and K. S. Bawa.  1981.  Sexual dimorphism and the annual flowering pattern in Jacaratia dolichaula (D. Smith) Woodson (Caricaceae) in a Costa Rican Rain Forest. Ecology 62:1494-1504.

**Bawa, K. S., and J. H. Beach. 1981.  Evolution of sexual systems in flowering plants. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 62:254-274.

Bawa, K. S., C. R. Keegan, and R. H. Voss.  1982.  Sexual dimorphism in Aralia nudicaulis. (Araliaceae). Evolution 36:371-378.

Bawa, K. S.  1982.  Outcrossing and the incidence of dioecism in island floras.  American Naturalist 119:866-871.

Bawa, K. S. 1982.  Seed dispersal and the evolution of dioecism in flowering plants-a response to Herrera.  Evolution 36:1322-1325.

Bolstad, P. V. and K. S. Bawa.  1982. Self incompatibility in Gmelina arborea L. (Verbenaceae). Silvea Genetica 31:19-21.

Bawa, K. S., C. J. Webb, and A. F. Tuttle.  1982.  The adaptive significance of monoecism in Cnidoscolus urens (Euphorbiaeceae).  Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 85:213-223.

Baker, H. G., K. S. Bawa, G. W. Frankie, and P. A. Opler. 1983.  Reproductive biology of plants in tropical forests.  In:   Tropical Rainforest Ecosystems:  Structure and Function, ed. F.B. Golley, 183-215.    Elsevier, Amsterdam.

Bullock, S. H., J. H. Beach, and K. S. Bawa.  1983.  Episodic flowering pattern and sexual dimorphism in Guarea rhopalocarpa in a Costa Rican rain forest. Ecology 64:851-861.

Webb, C. J., and K. S. Bawa.  1983.  Pollen dispersal by hummingbirds and butterflies: a comparative study of two lowland tropical plants. Evolution 37:1258-1270.

Bawa, K. S., and C. J. Webb.  1983.  Floral variation and sexual differentiation in Muntingia calabura (Elaeocarpaceae), a species with hermaphroditic flowers.  Evolution  37:1271-1282.

Bawa, K. S., and J. H. Beach.  1983.  Self-incompatibility systems in the Rubiaceae of a tropical lowland rainforest.  American Journal of Botany 70:1281-1288.

Bawa, K. S., and G. W. Frankie.  1983.  Cochlospermum vitifolium (Poro-poro, Cochlospermum, Silk Tree, Cotton Tree) In:  Costa Rican Natural History, ed. D.H. Janzen, 215-216. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Bawa, K. S., and S. H. Bullock.  1983.  Guarea rhopalocarpa (Caoba, Cabillo Cobano).  In:  Costa Rican Natural History, ed. D. H. Janzen, 246. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Bawa, K. S.  1983.  Jacartia dolichaula (Papaya Silvestre, Papaya de Venado, Wild Papaya). In: Costa Rican Natural History, ed. D.H. Janzen, 264-266.  University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Bawa, K. S.  1983.  Trophis involucrata (Morilla). In: Costa Rican Natural History, ed. D. H. Janzen, 338-339. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Frankie, G. W., W. A. Haber, P. A. Opler, and K. S. Bawa.  1983. Characteristics and organization of the large bee pollination system in the Costa Rican dry forest.  In:  Handbook of Experimental Pollination Biology, eds. C. E. Jones and R. J. Little, 411-447. Van Nostrand & Reinhold Co., New York.

Bawa, K. S. 1983.  Patterns of flowering in tropical plants.  In: Handbook of Experimental Pollination Biology, eds. C. E. Jones and R. J. Little, 395-410.  Van Nostrand & Reinhold Co., New York.

Bawa, K. S., and C. J. Webb.  1984.  Flower, fruit and seed abortion in tropical forest trees:  implications for the evolution of paternal and maternal reproductive patterns.  American Journal of Botany 71:736-751.

**Lloyd, D. G., and K. S. Bawa.  1984.  Modification of the gender in seed plants in varying conditions. Evolutionary Biology 17:255-338.

Haber, W. A., and K. S. Bawa.  1984.  Evolution of dioecy in Saurauia (Dilleniaceae).  Annals of the Missouri Botanical Gardens 71:289-293.

Bawa, K. S. 1984.  Evolution of dioecy - concluding remarks. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Gardens 71:294-296.

Bawa, K. S., and J. H. Beach. 1984.  Self-incompatibility in the Rubiaceae of a tropical forest.  BioScience 34:257-259.

**Bawa, K. S., D. R. Perry, and J. H. Beach. 1985.  Reproductive biology of tropical lowland rain forest trees. I. Sexual systems and self-incompatibility mechanisms.  American Journal of Botany 72:331-345.

Bawa, K. S., D. R. Perry, S. H. Bullock, R. E. Coville, and M. H. Grayum. 1985.  Reproductive biology of tropical lowland rain forest trees. II. Pollination mechanisms.  American Journal of Botany 72:346-356.

Webb, C. J., and K. S. Bawa. 1985.  Patterns of fruit and seed at production in Bauhinia ungulata (Leguminosae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 151:55-65.

**Seavey, S. R., and K. S. Bawa. 1986. Late-acting self-incompatibility in angiosperms.  Botanical Review 52:195-219.

Bawa, K. S., and D. O'Malley. 1987. Estuding geneticos y de sistemas de cruzamiento en algunas especies arboreus de bosques tropicales.  Revista Tropical Biologia 35(supplement):177-188.

O'Malley, D. M., and K. S. Bawa. 1987. Mating system of a tropical rain forest tree.  American Journal of Botany 74:1143-1149.

**Uma Shaanker, R., K. N. Ganeshiah, and K. S. Bawa. 1988.  Parent-offspring conflict, sibling rivalry and brood size patterns in plants.  Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 19:177-205.

Buckley, D., D. M. O'Malley, V. Apsit, and G. T. Prance, K. S. Bawa. 1988.  Genetics of brazil-nut (Bertholletia excelsa Humb. & Bonpl. Lecythidaceae) I. Genetic variation in natural populations. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 76:923-928.

O'Malley, D. M., D. Buckley, G. T. Prance, and K. S. Bawa.  1988.  Genetics of brazil-nut (Bertholletia excelsa Humb. & Bonpl.:Lecythidaceae) II. Mating system. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 76:929-932.

Bawa, K. S., and D. Buckley.  1989. Seed-ovule ratios, selective abortion and mating systems in Leguminosae.  In: Advances in Legume Biology.  Monograph  of Systemaic Botany,eds. C. H. Striton and J. L. Zarucchi, 29:243-262. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Bawa, K. S., S. G. Hedge, K. N. Ganeshaiah, and R. Uma Shaanker. 1989. Embryo and seed abortion in plants. Nature 342:625.

Cumaraswamy, A., and K. S. Bawa. 1989.  Sex allocation and mating systems in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) Plant Systematics and Evolution 168:59-69.

**Bawa, K. S. 1990.  Plant pollinator interactions in tropical rain forests.  Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 21:399-422.

Bawa, K. S., R. Primack, and D. Woodruff.  1990.  Conservation of biodiversity: a Southeast Asian perspective.  Trends in Ecology and Evolution 5:394-396.

Bawa, K. S. 1990.  Plant pollinator interactions, sexual systems and pollen flow. Commentary.  In: Reproductive Ecology of Tropical Forest Plants, eds. K. S. Bawa and M. Hadley, UNESCO, Paris and Parthenon Publishing, Carnforth, U.K.

Bawa, K.S., and F. S. P. Ng. 1990.  Phenology Commentary.  In: Reproductive Ecology of Tropical Forest Plants, eds. K. S. Bawa and M. Hadley, 17-20. UNESCO, Paris and Parthenon Publishing, Carnforth, U.K.

Ashton, P. S., and K. S. Bawa.  1990.  Reproductive biology and tree improvement programmes.  In: Reproductive Ecology of Tropical Forest Plant, eds. K. S. Bawa and M. Hadley, 345-348.  UNESCO, Paris and Parthenon Publishing, Carnforth, U.K.

Bawa, K. S., P. S. Ashton, and S.M. Nor.  1990.  Reproductive ecology of tropical forest plants.  Management Issues. In: Reproductive Ecology of Tropical Forest Plants, eds.  K. S. Bawa and M. Hadley, 3-13.  UNESCO, Paris, Parthenon Publishing, Carnforth, U.K.

Bawa, K. S., and S. Krugman. 1991. Reproductive biology and genetics of tropical trees in relation to conservation and management. In: Ecology and Management of Tropical Rain Forests, eds. A. Gomez-Pompa and M. Hadley, 119-136.  UNESCO, Paris and Parthenon Publishing Group, Cranforth, U.K.

Bawa, K. S., B. Schaal, O. T. Solbrig, S. Stearns, A. Templeton, and G. Vida. (authors in alphabetical order). 1991. Biodiversity from the gene to the species.  In: From Genes to Ecosystems: A Research Agenda for Biodiversity, ed.O. Solbrig, 15-36.  Report of a IUBS-SCOPE-UNESCO Workshop, Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA.

Bawa, K. S., and P. S. Ashton. 1991. Conservation of rare trees in tropical rain forests: a genetic perspective. In: Biology of Rare Plants: Implications for Conservation and Management, eds. D. Falk and K. Holsinger, 62-71.  Oxford University Press.

Bawa, K. S. 1992. Mating systems, genetic differentiation and speciation in tropical rain forest plants.  Biotropica. 24:250-255.

Bawa, K. S. 1992.  Colonialism, rural poverty and the use of forest resources. (extended book review). Conservation Biology 6:477-481.

Bawa, K. S., and H. G. Wilkes. 1992.  Who shall speak for biodiversity? Conservation Biology 6:473-474.

Bawa, K. S. 1992.  The riches of tropical forests: non-timber products.  Trends in Ecology and Evolution 7:361-363.

Kang, H., G. Jaschek, and K. S. Bawa. 1992. Variation in seed and seedling traits in Pitchecellobium pedicellare, a tropical rain forest tree. Oecologia 91:239-244.

Bawa, K. S. 1993. Indian biology research at crossroads - another perspective.  Current Science 64:205-207.

O’Donnell, M.  E., and K. S. Bawa. 1993. Gamete selection and patterns of ovule and seed abortion. Current Science 65:214-219.

Godoy, R., and K. S. Bawa. 1993.  The economic value and sustainable harvest of plants and animals from the tropical rain forest: assumptions, hypotheses, and methods.  Economic Botany 47:215-219.

**Hall, P., and K. S. Bawa. 1993. Methods to assess the impact of extraction of non-timber tropical forest products on plant populations.  Economic Botany 47:234-247.

Bawa, K. S., and R. Godoy. 1993.  Introduction to case studies from South Asia.  Economic Botany 47:248-250.

Bawa, K. S. 1993.  Conservation of biodiversity in the Himalayas:  concluding remarks and an agenda for action.  In:  Himalayan Biodiversity:  Conservation Strategies, ed. U. Dhar, 529-538.  G. B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment & Development, Almora, India.

Bawa, K. S. 1993.  Plant reproductive biology and agroforestry.  In:  Agroforestry in South Asia:  Problems and Applied Research Perspectives, eds. W. R. Bentley, P. K. Khosla and K. Seckler, 95-101.  Winrock International, USA & Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, India.

Hall, P., M. R. Chase, and K. S. Bawa. 1994. Low genetic variation but high population differentiation in a common tropical forest trees species.  Conservation Biology 8:471-482.

Murawski, D. A., B. Dayanandan, and K. S. Bawa.  1994. Outcrossing rates of two endemic Shorea sp. from Sri Lankan tropical rain forests. Biotropica 26:23-29.

Bawa, K. S.  1993. Effects of deforestation and forest fragmentation on genetic diversity in tropical tree populations.  In: Proceedings, International Symposium on Genetic Conservation and Production of Tropical Forest Seed, eds. R.M. Drysdale, S.E.T. John and A.C. Yapa, 10-15.  ASEAN-Canada Forest Tree Seed Centre, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

Murawski, D. A., and K. S. Bawa.  1994. Genetic structure and mating system of Stemonoporus oblongifolius (Dipterocarpaceae) in Sri Lanka. American Journal of Botany 81:155-160.

Bawa, K. S., and L. McDade. 1994.  Introduction. In: La Selva: Ecology and Natural History of a Neotropical Rain Forest, eds. L. McDade, K. S. Bawa, H. Hespenheide and G. Hartshorn, 3-5  University of Chicago Press.

Bawa, K. S., and L. McDade.  1994.  Plant community - commentary.  In: La Selva: Ecology and Natural History of a Neotropical Rain Forest, eds. L. McDade, K. S. Bawa, H. Hespenheide and G. Hartshorn, 65-72. University of Chicago Press.

McDade, L., and K. S. Bawa.  1994.  Patterns of research productivity. In: La Selva: Ecology and Natural History of a Neotropical Rain Forest, eds. L. McDade, K. S. Bawa, H. Hespenheide and G. Hartshorn, 341-344. University of Chicago Press.

Hall, P., L. C. Orrell, and K. S. Bawa.  1994.  Genetic diversity and mating system in a tropical tree, Carapa guianensis (Meliaceae).  American Journal of Botany 81:1104-1111.

Murawski, D. A., I. A. U. N. Gunatilleke, and K. S. Bawa.  1994.  The effect of selective logging on mating patterns of Shorea megistophylla (Dipteracarpacea) from Sri Lanka.  Conservation Biology 8:997-1002.

Bawa, K. S.  1994.  Pollinators of tropical dioecious angiosperms: a reassessment?  No, not yet.  American Journal of Botany 81:456-460.

Dulberger, R., M. B. Smith, and K. S. Bawa. 1994. The stigmatic orifice in Cassia, Senna, and Chamaecrista (Caesalpiniaceae): Morphological variation, function during pollination, and possible adaptive significance.  American Journal of Botany 81:1390-1396.

Chase, M. R., D. H. Boshier, K. S. Bawa.  1995.  Population genetics of Cordia alliodora (Boraginaceae), a neotropical tree.1. Genetic variation in natural populations. American Journal of Botany 82:468-475.

Boshier, D. H., M. R. Chase, and K. S. Bawa.  1995. Population genetics of Cordia alliodora (Boraginaceae), a neotropical tree. 2. Mating system.  American Journal of Botany 82:476-483.

Boshier, D. H., M. R. Chase, and K. S. Bawa.  1995. Population genetics of Cordia alliodora (Boraginaceae), a neotropical tree. 3. Gene flow, neighborhood, and population substructure.  American Journal of Botany 82:484-490.

Bawa, K. S. 1995.  Pollination, seed dispersal, and diversification of angiosperms.  Trends in Ecology and Evolution 10:311-312.

Bawa, K. S., and A. Markham.  1995. Climate change and tropical forests.  Trends in Ecology and Evolution 10:348-349.

Chase, M., R. Kesseli, and K. S Bawa.  1996.  Microsattelite markers for population genetics and conservation genetics of tropical trees.  American Journal of Botany 83:51-57.

**Chase, M. R., C. Moller, R. Kesseli, and K. S. Bawa. 1996.  Distant gene flow in tropical trees.  Nature 383:398-399.

Ganesh, T., R. Ganesan, P. Davidar, S. Devy, and K. S. Bawa.  1996.  An assessment of plant biodiversity at a mid-elevation evergreen forest of Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats, India.  Current Science 71:379-392.

**Hall, P., S. Walker, and K. S. Bawa. 1996.  Effects of forest fragmentation on genetic diversity and mating systems in a tropical tree, Pithecellobium elegans.  Conservation Biology 10:757-768.

Hegde, R., S. Suryaprakash, L. Achot, and K. S. Bawa. 1996.  Extraction of non-timber forest products in the forests of Biligiri Rangan Hills, India. 1.  Contribution to rural income.  Economic Botany 50:243-250.

Murali, K. S., R. Uma Shaanker, K. N. Ganeshaiah, and K. S. Bawa.  1996.  Extraction of non-timber forest products in the forests of Biligiri Rangan Hills, India.  2.  Impact of NTFP extraction on regeneration, population structure, and species composition.  Economic Botany 50:251-269.

Shankar, U., K. S. Murali, R. Uma Shaanker, K. N. Ganeshaiah, and K. S. Bawa.  1996.  Extraction of non-timber forest products in the forests of Biligiri Rangan Hills, India.  3. Productivity, extraction and prospects of sustainable harvest of Amla, Phyllanthus emblica (Euphorbeaceae).  Economic Botany 50:270-279.

Wendland, A., and K. S. Bawa.  1996.  Tropical forestry: the Costa Rican experience in management of forest resources.  Journal of Sustainable Forestry 3:91-156.

Bawa, K. S., and M. Gadgil.  1997.  Ecosystem services in subsistence economies and conservation of biodiversity.  In: Nature’s Services: Societal Dependence on NaturalEcosystems, ed. G. Daily, 295-310. Island Press, Washington, D.C.

Bawa, K. S., S. Menon, and L. R. Gorman. 1997.  Cloning and conservation of biological diversity:  paradox, panacea, or pandora's box?  Conservation Biology 11:829-830.

**Bawa, K. S., and S. Dayanandan.  1997.  Socioeconomic factors and tropical deforestation.  Nature, 386:562-563.

Bawa, K. S., and S. Menon. 1997.  Biodiversity monitoring: the missing ingredients. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 12:42.

Bawa, K. S., and S. Dayanandan. 1997. Causes of tropical deforestation and institutional constraints to conservation.  In: Tropical Rain Forest: A Wider Perspective, ed. B. Goldmith, 175-198. Chapman and Hall, London.

Dayanandan, S., R. Kesseli, and K. S. Bawa.  1997.  Conservation of microsatellites among tropical trees (Leguminosae).  American Journal of Botany, 84:1658-1663.

Ganeshaiah, K. N., R. Uma Shaanker, and K. S. Bawa. 1997.  Diversity of species assemblages of islands: Predictions and their test using tree species composition of shola fragments.  Current Science 73:188-194.

Khan, M. L., S. Menon, and K. S. Bawa.  1997.  Effectiveness of the protected area network in biodiversity conservation: A case study of Meghalaya state.  Biodiversity and Conservation 6:853-868.

Lele, S., K. S. Murali, and K. S. Bawa.  1997.  Biodiversity conservation through community enterprise: an experiment in the BRT Sanctuary of Karnataka, India.  In: Proceedings of the UNESCO Regional Workshop on Community -Based Conservation: Policy and Practice, 449-466.  IIPA, New Delhi, February 1997.

Menon, S., and K. S. Bawa.  1997.  Applications of geographic information systems (GIS), remote-sensing, and a landscape ecology approach to biodiversity conservation in the Western Ghats. Current Science 73:134-145.

Ramesh, B. R., S. Menon, and K. S. Bawa.  1997.  A vegetation based approach to biodiversity gap analysis in the Agastyamalai region, Western Ghats, India.  AMBIO 26:529-536.

Bawa, K. S. 1998.  Conservation of genetic resources in the Dipterocarpaceae. In: A Review of Dipterocarps: Taxonomy, ecology, and silviculture, eds. S. Appanah and J. M. Turnbull, 45-55.Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia.

Bawa, K. S., and S. Dayanandan. 1998. Climate change and tropical forest genetic resources.  Climate Change 23:449-466.

Bawa, K. S., and R. Seidler. 1998.  Natural forest management and conservation of biodiversity in tropical forests. Conservation Biology 12:46-55.

Dayanandan, S., O. P., Rajora, and K. S. Bawa. 1998.  Isolation and characterization of microsatellites in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 96:950-956.

Menon, S., and K. S. Bawa. 1998.  Deforestation in the tropics: reconciling disparities in estimates for India.  AMBIO 27:576-577.

Ramesh, B. R., S. Menon, and K. S. Bawa.  1998.  Explanatory booklet to accompany the vegetation map of the Biligiri Rangaswamy temple wild life Sanctuary, Karnataka, India. (Institut Francais De Pondicherry & ATREE, Bangalore).

Sanchez-Azofeifa, G. A., P. Gonzales-Quesada, S. Dayanandan, and K. S. Bawa. 1998.  Are protected areas conserving biodiversity in the tropics?  Conservation Biology 13:407-411.

Uma Shankar, K., D. Lama, and K. S. Bawa.  1998. Ecosystem reconstruction through taungya plantations following commercial logging in dry mixed deciduous forest in Darjeeling Himalaya.   Forest Ecology and Management 102:131-142.

Uma Shankar, K., S. Murali, R. Uma Shaanker, K. N. Ganeshaiah, and K. S. Bawa.  1998.  Extraction of non-timber forest products in the forests of Biligiri Rangan Hills, India. 4. Impact on floristic diversity and population structure in a thorn scrub forest.  Economic Botany 52:302-315.

Ganeshaiah, K. N., R. Uma Shaanker, K. S. Murali, Uma Shankar, and K. S. Bawa.  1998.  Extraction of non-timber forest products in the forests of Biligiri Rangan Hills, India. 5.  Influence of dispersal mode on species response to NTFP extraction.  Economic Botany 52:316-319.

Uma Shankar, R. Hegde, and K. S. Bawa.  1998.  Extraction of non-timber forest products in the forests of Biligiri Rangan Hills, India.  6. Fuel wood pressure and management options. Economic Botany 52:320-336.

Bawa, K. S., and S. Menon. 1999. Data requirements for assessing patterns and causes of biodiversity loss. LUCC Data Requirements Workshop: Survey of needs, gaps and priorities on data for land-use/land-cover change research. LUCC Report Series No. 3: 58-66, LUCC International Project Office, Institut Carthografic De Catalunya, Barcelona, Catelonia, Spain.

Bawa, K. S., S. Lele, K. S. Murali, and B. Ganesan. 1999. Extraction of Non-timber Forest Products in Biligiri Rangan Hills, India: Monitoring a Community-based Project. In: Measuring Conservation Impact: an Interdisciplinary Approach to Project Monitoring and Evaluation, eds. K. Saterson, R. Margolius and N. Salafsky, 89-102. Biodiversity Support Program, World Wildlife Fund, Inc. Washington D. C.

Bawa, K. S. 1999.  Prescriptions for Conservation. Biodiversity Conservation Network, Final Stories from the Field.  Biodiversity Support Program, Washington D.C. 48-55.

Sanchez-Azofeifa, G. A., C. Quesada-Mateo, P. Gonzalez-Quesada, S. Dayanandan, and K. S. Bawa. 1999.  Protected Areas and Conservation of Biodiversity in the Tropics. Conservation Biology 13:407-411.

Menon, S., R. G. Pontius, J. Rose, M. L. Khan, and K. S. Bawa. 2000.  Identifying conservation priority areas in the tropics: A land-use change modeling approach Conservation Biology 15:501-512

Seidler, R., and K. S. Bawa. 2000. Logged Forests. In: Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, ed. S. Levin, 747-760 Academic Press, New York.

Jha, C. S., S. Dutt, and K. S. Bawa. 2000. Deforestation in Western Ghats, India. Current Science 79:231-238

Dayanandan, S., J. Dole, K. S. Bawa, and R.  V. Kesseli. 1999. Population structure delineated with microsatellite markers in fragmented populations of a tropical tree, Carapa guianensis (Meliaceae).  Molecular Ecology 8:1585-1592.

Franceschinelli, E.V., and K. S. Bawa. 2000. The effect of ecological factors on the mating system of a South American shrub species (Helicters brevispira), Heredity 84:116-223

Shankar, Uma, S. D. Lama, and K. S. Bawa. 2001.  Ecology and Economics of Domestication of Non-Timber Forest Products:  An Illustration of Broomgrass in Darjeeling Himalaya.  Journal of Tropical Forest Science 13:171-191

Bawa, K. S., R. U. Shaanker, and K. N. Ganeshaiah. 2001. Conserving tropical forest genetic resources: Threats and mitigation strategies. In: Forest Genetic Resources: Status, Threats, and Conservation Strategies, eds. K. N. Ganeshaiah, R. U. Shaanker and K. S. Bawa, 303-307.  New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.

Ganeshaiah, K. N., R. U. Shaanker, and K. S. Bawa. 2001. Conservation of forest genetic resources of a region: Combining species-centered and ecosystem-based approaches. In: Forest Genetic Resources: Status, Threats, and Conservation Strategies, eds. K. N. Ganeshaiah, R. U. Shaanker and K. S. Bawa, 273-281. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.

Shankar, U., S. D. Lama, and K. S. Bawa. 2001.  Ecology and economics of domestication of non-timber forest products:  An illustration of broomgrass in Darjeeling Himalaya.  Journal of Tropical Forest Science 13:171-191.

Bawa, K. S., J. Rose, K. N. Ganeshaiah, M. C. Kiran, B. Narayani, and R. U. Shaanker. 2001. Mapping biodiversity from the sky. In: Tropical Ecosystems: Structure, Diversity and Human Welfare, eds. K. N. Ganeshaiah, R. U. Shaanker and K. S. Bawa, 523-525. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.

Ganeshaiah, K. N., R. U. Shaanker, N. Barve, M. C. Kiran, and K. S. Bawa. 2001. A regional approach for the conservation of the biological diversity of the Western Ghats. In: Tropical Ecosystems: Structure, Diversity and Human Welfare, eds. K. N. Ganeshaiah, R. U. Shaanker and K. S. Bawa, 552-556. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.

Lele, S., V. Srinivasan, and K. S. Bawa. 2001. Returns to investment in conservation: Disaggregated benefit-cost analysis of the creation of a wildlife sanctuary. In: Tropical Ecosystems: Structure, Diversity and Human Welfare, eds. K. N. Ganeshaiah, R. U. Shaanker and K. S. Bawa, 31-33. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.

Menon, S., K. S. Bawa, K. N. Ganeshaiah, and R. U. Shaanker. 2001. Land-use change and conservation priorities in the Western Ghats. In: Tropical Ecosystems: Structure, Diversity and Human Welfare, eds. K. N. Ganeshaiah, R. U. Shaanker and K. S. Bawa, 549-551. New Delhi:Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.

Setty, R. S., K. S. Bawa, and J. Bommaiah. 2001. Participatory research monitoring for non-timber forest products in Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple wildlife sanctuary, Karnataka, India. In: Tropical Ecosystems: Structure, Diversity and Human Welfare, eds. K. N. Ganeshaiah, R. U. Shaanker and K. S. Bawa, 85-88. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.

Sinha, A., and K. S. Bawa. 2001. Impacts of anthropogenic pressures on population dynamics, demography, and sustainable use of forest species in the Western Ghats, India. In: Tropical Ecosystems: Structure, Diversity and Human Welfare, eds. K. N. Ganeshaiah, R. U. Shaanker and K. S. Bawa, 101-103.  New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.

Sinha, A., and K. S. Bawa. 2002. Harvesting techniques, hemiparasites and fruitproduction in two non-timber forest tree species in South India. Forest Ecology   and Management168:289-300.

Seidler, R. and K. S. Bawa. 2002. Uncertainty and biodiversity conservation. In: Precaution, Environmental Science, and Preventive Public Policy, ed. J. Tickner, 175-192. Island Press

Bawa, K. S., J. Rose, K. N. Ganeshaiah, N. Barve, M. C. Kiran, and R. Umashaanker. 2002. Assessing biodiversity from space: an example from the Western Ghats, India. Conservation Ecology 6:7. [online] URL: http://www.consecol.org/vol6/iss2/art7

Ganeshaiah, K. N., R. Uma Shaanker, N. Barve, M. C. Kiran, K. S. Bawa, andV. Ramanatha Rao. 2002. In Situ conservation of forest genetic resources at regional level: Two complementary programs using GIS approach. In: Managing Plant Genetic Diversity, eds. J. M. M. Engels, V. Ramanatha Rao, A. H. D. Brown and M. T. Jackson, 413-423. CABI Pub. Wallingford, Oxon, UK.

Bawa, K. S., H. Kang, and H. M. Grayum. 2003. Relationships among Time, Frequency, and Duration of Flowering in Tropical Rain Forest Trees. American Journal of Botany 90:877-887

Kang, S. H., and K. S. Bawa. 2003. Effects of Successional Status, Habit, Sexual Systems, and Pollinators on Flowering Patterns in Tropical Rain Forest Trees. American Journal of Botany 90:865-876

Shanker, Uma, S. Lama, and K. S. Bawa. 2003. Temporal patterns of commercial collection of non-timber forest products in Chel range of Darjeeling Himalaya. Forest, Trees and Livelihoods 13:115-135.

Bawa, K. S. 2004. Impact of Global Changes on the Reproductive Biology of Trees in Tropical Dry Forests. In: Biodiversity Conservation in Costa Rica: Learning the Lessons in a Seasonal Dry Forest, eds. G. W. Frankie, A. Mata and S. B. Vinson, 38-47. University of California, Berkeley.

Frankie, G. W., W. A. Haber, S. B. Vinson, K. S. Bawa, P. S. Ronchi, and N. Zamora. 2004. Flowering Phenology and Pollination Systems Diversity in the Seasonal Dry Forest. In: Biodiversity Conservation in Costa Rica: Learning the Lessons in a Seasonal Dry Forest, eds. G. W. Frankie, A. Mata and S. B. Vinson, 17-29. University of California, Berkeley.

**Bawa, K. S., P. H. Raven, and R. Seidler. 2004. Reconciling conservation paradigms. Conservation Biology 18:859-860.

Bawa, K. S., W. J. Kress, N. Nadkarni, and S. Lele. 2004. Beyond Paradise-Meeting the Challenges in Tropical Biology in the 21^st Century. Biotropica 36:437-446.

**Bawa, K. S., W. J. Kress, N. M. Nadkarni, S. Lele, P. H. Raven, D. H. Janzen, A. E. Lugo, P. S. Ashton, and T. E. Lovejoy. 2004. Tropical Ecosystems into the 21^st Century. Science 306:227-230.

Franceschinelli, E. V., K.S. Bawa, 2005. The post-fire effect on the outcrossing rate of Helicteres sacarolha St.H. (Sterculiaceae). Revista Brasileira de Botânica. 28: 163 - 170

Jackson, L., K. S. Bawa, U. Pascual, and C. Perrings. 2005. agroBIODIVERSITY: A new science agenda for biodiversity in support of sustainable agroecosystems. DIVERSITAS report No. 4. 40pp.

Shanker, K., Hiremath A., and K. Bawa. 2005. Linking biodiversity conservation and livelihoods in India. PLOS. 3:1878-1880.

Seoane, C. E. S., P. Y. Kageyama, A. Ribeiro, R. Matias, M. S. D. Reis, K. S. Bawa, and A. M. Sebbenn. 2005. Efeitos da fragmentacao florestal sobre a imigracao de sementes e a estrutura genetica temporal de populacoes de Euterpe edulis Mart. Rev. Inst. Flor., Sao Paulo. 17:25-43.

Bawa, K. S. 2006. Globally dispersed local challenges in conservation biology. Conservation Biology. 20:696-699.

Jha, S., and K. S. Bawa. 2006. Population, human development and deforestation in tropical biodiversity hotspots. Conservation Biology 20:906-912.

Perrings, C., L. Jackson, K. S. Bawa et al. (editorial). 2006. Biodiversity in agricultural landscapes:  saving natural capital without losing interest. Conservation Biology 20:263-264.

Das, A., J. Krishnaswamy, K. S. Bawa, M.C. Kiran, V. Srinivas, N. Samba Kumar, and K. Ullas Karanth. 2006. Prioritization of conservation areas in the Western Ghats, India. Biological Conservation. 133:16-31.

Bawa, K. S. 2006. Hurdles for conservation science in India. Current Science. 91:8.

Bawa, K. S. 2006. Conservation requires multiple approaches. Nature. 442:744 ( Correspondence)

Jackson, L. E. U. Pascual, L. Brussaard, P. de Ruiter, and K. S. Bawa. 2007. Biodiversity in agricultural landscapes: investing without losing interest. Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Environment 121:193-195.

**Bawa, K. S., S. Setty and G. Joseph 2007. Poverty, biodiversity and institutions in forest-agriculture ecotones of the Western Ghats and Eastern Himalaya Ranges of India. Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Environment 121: 287-295.

Jha, S, and K. S. Bawa 2007. The economic and environmental outcomes of microfinance projects: an Indian case study. Environment, Development and Sustainability 9:229-239

**Bawa, K. S., G. Balachander, and P. Raven. 2008. A case for new institutions. Science (editorial). 319: 136.

Setty, R. S., K. Bawa, T. Ticktin, and C. M. Gowda. 2008. Evaluation of a participatory resource monitoring system for nontimber forest products: the case of amla (Phyllanthus  spp.) fruit harvest by Soligas in South India. Ecology and Society 13. [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/volXX/issYY/artZZ/

**Krishnaswamy, J., K. S. Bawa, K. N.   Ganeshaiah, and  M. C. Kiran. 2009.Quantifying and mapping biodiversity and ecosystem services: Utility of a multi-season NDVI based Mahalanobis distance surrogate. Remote Sensing of Environment 113: 857-867.

**Bawa, K. S., L. P. Koh, T. M. Lee, J. Liu, P. S. Ramakrishnan, D. W. Yu, Y.-P. Zhang and P. H. Raven. 2010. China, India and the environment. Science327:1457-1459.

Lele, S., P. Wilshusen, D. Brockington, R. Seidler, and K.S. Bawa. 2010. Beyond exclusion: alternative approaches to biodiversity conservation in the developing tropics. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 2:1-7

Bawa, K. S. 2010. Cataloguing life in India: the taxonomic imperative. Current Science. 98:151-153.

Bawa, K. S. 2010. Our biodiversity, our life, our future. The Hindu, Energy and the Environment, August 2, 2010.

Bawa, K. S. 2010. Monitoring systems outdated and protectionist. Nature, 466: 920 (Correspondence).

Bawa, K. S., N. Rai, and N. Sodhi. 2011. Rights, governance and conservation of biological diversity. Conservation Biology, 25: 639-641.

Chaudhary, P. and K.S. Bawa. 2011. Local perceptions of climate change validated by scientific evidence in the Himalayas. Biology Letters,published online, 27 April 2011, doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2011.0269.

Chaudhary, P., S. Rai, A. Mao, N. Rehman, S. Chettri, S. Wangdi, and  K. S. Bawa. 2011. Consistency of local perceptions of  climate change in the Kanchenjunga Himalaya landscape. Current Science, 101: 504-113

Fischer,J. P.Batary, K.S. Bawa et al., 2011. Conservation: limits of land sparing. Science, 334: 593

Kamal, S., S. Rai. and K. S. Bawa. 2012. Enhancing conservation and livelihood security in biodiversity hotspots—A case study. Pages 18-20 in: Mountain Biodiversity : Conservation and Management. ICIMOD , Kathmandu, Nepal

Shrestha,U. S. Gautam  and K.S. Bawa 2012. Widespread climate change in the Himalayas andassociated changes in local ecosystems.PloS one. 7 (5): e36741.

Bawa, K.S. 2012. India’s path to knowledge. Science, 335: 1573

Bawa K.S., Rai, S, Kamal S, Chaudhary P. 2012. Land use intensification, small landholders, and biodiversity conservation: perspectives from the Eastern Himalayas. Pages 65-72 in Lindenmayer D.B., Cunningham S.A., Young A.G., Eds. Land use Intensification: Effects on Agriculture, Biodiversity and Ecological Processes. CSIRO Publishing, Canberra , Australia

L.E. Jackson *, M.M. Pulleman , L. Brussaard , K.S. Bawa, G.G. Brown, I.M. Cardoso, P. de Ruiter, L. Garcı´a-Barrios, A.D. Hollander, P. Lavelle , E. Oue´draogo ,U. Pascual , S. Setty , S.M. Smukler , T. Tscharntke , M. Van Noordwijk. 2012.  Social-ecological and regional adaptation of agrobiodiversity management acrossa global set of research regions. Global Environmental Change, 22: 623-639

Ingty, T. and K.S.Bawa. 2012. Climate change and indigenous people. In M. L. Arrawatia, and Sandeep Tambe (eds.) Climate Change in Sikkim: Patterns, Impacts, and Initiatives. pp. 275 -290. Government of Sikkim, Gangtok.

Bawa, K.S., and T. Ingty. 2012. Climate change in Sikkim: A synthesis. In M. L. Arrawatia, and Sandeep Tambe (eds.) Climate Change in Sikkim: Patterns, Impacts, and Initiatives. pp. 413 -424. Government of Sikkim, Gangtok.

Bawa, K.S. 2013. A wish list for public giving, The Hindu, January 5, 2013 ( OpEd page article)

Bawa, K. S. 2013. Knowledge, Institutions and Human Resources for Conservation of Biodiversity.  In P. H. Raven, N. S. Sodhi and L. Gibson (eds.) Conservation Biology: Voices From the Tropics. pp 226-231. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Oxford, UK.

Shrestha, U. B., and K.S. Bawa. 2013. Trade, harvest, and conservation of caterpillar fungus (Ophiocordyceps sinensis) in the Himalayas.Biological Conservation.159:514-520.

Seidler, R., K.S. Bawa, M. Lowman, M., and N.M.  Nadkarni. 2013.  Forest Canopies as Earth’s Support Systems: Priorities for Research and Conservation. In M.  Lowman, S. Devy, and T. Ganesh (eds.) Treetops at Risk: Challenges of Global Canopy Ecology and Conservation. pp 55-70. Springer Science+Business Media New York.

Rai, N. D., and  K. S. Bawa 2013. Inserting politics and history in conservation. Conservation Biology. 27(2): 425-428.

Cunningham,S. A.,S. J. Attwood, K.S. Bawa, et al. 2013. To close the yield-gap while saving biodiversity will require multiplelocally relevant strategies. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 173: 20– 27

Bawa, K.S. 2013. Paradise in peril. Global: the international briefing. 2013, Third Quarter. 48-52

Shrestha U.B.,  and Bawa K.S. Bawa. 2013. Dimensions of caterpillar fungus (Ophiocordyceps sinensis) decline—A response to Stewart et al. Biological Conservation 167: 448-449

Shrestha, U.B., and  K.S. Bawa. 2014. Economic contribution of Chinese caterpillar fungus to the livelihoodsof mountain communities in Nepal. Biological Conservation 177: 194-202

Shrestha, U.B., and  K.S. Bawa. 2014. Impact of climate change on potential d196, 197istribution ofChinese Caterpillar Fungus (Ophiocordyceps sinensis) inNepal Himalaya. PLoS One. 9: e106405.

Shrestha, U.B., and  K.S. Bawa. 2014. Harvesters’ perceptions of population decline of Chinese caterpillar fungus in Dolpa region of Nepal. Regional Environmental Change.  Published online 4 December 2015. DOI 10.107/s10113-014-0732-7

Crouch, N.R., H. Balselv, K.S. Bawa, R. Bye., S. Dema, E. Linares, P. Shengji,A. Randrianasolo, and J. Rashford. 2014. Multicultural perspectives on biocultural collections. In; J, Salick, K. Konchar, and M.Nesbitts ( eds.) Curating Biocultural Collectionspp. 267-270. Kew Publishing and Missouri Botanical Garden

Bawa, K.S. and R. Seidler. Deforestation and sustainable mixed use landscapes: a view from the Eastern Himalaya. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 100:141-149